Django + Uwsgi + Nginx 实现生产环境部署

本节内容

 

uwsgi 介绍

uwsgi安装使用

nginx安装配置

django with nginx

 

 

如何在生产上部署Django?

老男孩教育python培训Django的部署可以有很多方式，采用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比较常见的一种方式。

 

 

 

uwsgi介绍

uWSGI是一个Web服务器，它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是与uWSGI服务器进行交换。

要注意 WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI 这三个概念的区分。

1. WSGI是一种Web服务器网关接口。它是一个Web服务器（如nginx，uWSGI等服务器）与web应用（如用Flask框架写的程序）通信的一种规范。
2. uwsgi是一种线路协议而不是通信协议，在此常用于在uWSGI服务器与其他网络服务器的数据通信。
3. 而uWSGI是实现了uwsgi和WSGI两种协议的Web服务器。
4. uwsgi协议是一个uWSGI服务器自有的协议，它用于定义传输信息的类型（type of information），每一个uwsgi packet前4byte为传输信息类型描述，它与WSGI相比是两样东西。

 

uwsgi性能非常高

 

uWSGI的主要特点如下

1. 超快的性能
2. 低内存占用（实测为apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右）
3. 多app管理（终于不用冥思苦想下个app用哪个端口比较好了-.-）
4. 详尽的日志功能（可以用来分析app性能和瓶颈）
5. 高度可定制（内存大小限制，服务一定次数后重启等）

总而言之uwgi是个部署用的好东东，正如uWSGI作者所吹嘘的：

If you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uWSGI is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uWSGI.

 

Uwsgi 安装使用

# Install the latest stable release:
pip install uwsgi
# ... or if you want to install the latest LTS (long term support) release,
pip install https: / / projects.unbit.it / downloads / uwsgi - lts.tar.gz

 

基本测试

Create a file called test.py:

# test.py
def  application(env, start_response):
    start_response( '200 OK' , [( 'Content-Type' , 'text/html' )])
    return  [b "Hello World" ]  # python3
    #return ["Hello World"] # python2

运行

uwsgi  - - http : 8000  - - wsgi - file  test.py

 

用uwsgi 启动django

uwsgi  - - http : 8000  - - module mysite.wsgi

　　

可以把参数写到配置文件里

alex@alex - ubuntu:~ / uwsgi - test$ more crazye - uwsgi.ini


[uwsgi]
http  =  : 9000
#the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx
socket  =  127.0 . 0.1 : 8001
# the base directory (full path)
chdir  =  / home / alex / CrazyEye
# Django's wsgi file
wsgi - file  =  CrazyEye / wsgi.py
# maximum number of worker processes
processes  =  4
#thread numbers startched in each worker process
threads  =  2

#monitor uwsgi status
stats  =  127.0 . 0.1 : 9191
# clear environment on exit
vacuum           =  true

启动

/ usr / local / bin / uwsgi crazye - uwsgi.ini

　　

Nginx安装使用　　

sudo apt - get install nginx
sudo  / etc / init.d / nginx start     # start nginx

 

为你的项目生成Nginx配置文件

You will need the uwsgi_params file, which is available in the nginx directory of the uWSGI distribution, or from https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params

Copy it into your project directory. In a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.

Now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:

# mysite_nginx.conf

# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
    # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    server  127.0 . 0.1 : 8001 ;  # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}

# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    listen       8000 ;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name .example.com;  # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf - 8 ;

    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size  75M ;    # adjust to taste

    # Django media
    location  / media  {
        alias  / path / to / your / mysite / media;   # your Django project's media files - amend as required
    }

    location  / static {
        alias  / path / to / your / mysite / static;  # your Django project's static files - amend as required
    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location  /  {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        include      / path / to / your / mysite / uwsgi_params;  # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }
}

This conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require Django’s intervention. For a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one server handle static/media files, and another handle Django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.

Symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:

sudo ln  - s ~ / path / to / your / mysite / mysite_nginx.conf  / etc / nginx / sites - enabled /

Deploying static files

Before running nginx, you have to collect all Django static files in the static folder. First of all you have to edit mysite/settings.py adding:

STATIC_ROOT  =  os.path.join(BASE_DIR,  "static/" )

and then run

python manage.py collectstatic

　　

此时启动Nginx 和Uwsgi，你的django项目就可以实现高并发啦！

　　
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