Docker安装配置教程入门到精通
之前docker很久就写了笔记了。后面因为家里有事，耽搁了一年。 现在把这部分笔记重新上传一下。大家看看。
Docker要求：
lunix内核，要求3.8以上
centos7
Docker是一个进程，一启动就两个进程，一个服务，一个守护进程。占用资源就非常少，启动速度非常快，1s。
一台机器上vm，3到10个实例。docker 100到10000。
1.核心概念：
1）镜像images，事先做好一些基础功能（软件），可以在镜像上在来安装新的内容。
2）容器container
3）数据卷volume，把数据映射到linux磁盘目录，业务把数据写入这个目录，容器重新启动时，自己加载数据卷，数据又恢复了。有问题的。（争论，数据库这种方式需求适不适合docker）
4）仓库repository，maven仓库概念一样
2.java
类（只读） 镜像（只读，不允许修改）
对象（写临时的内容） 容器，在镜像基础上允许用户写数据，临时数据
docker
部署后台系统，
1）linux Centos7
2）安装jdk
3）安装tomcat
4）部署war包
5）启动tomcat，设置端口，访问
docker可以产生基础镜像，每加一层新的内容也形成新的镜像。每个镜像都可以去在加新的内容。变化无穷，复用资源。
加载虚拟机的vm镜像，先不要打开。
然后，设置好虚拟机软件的vm。
NAT模式查询网关配置，上网（注意，设置请根据自己的ip信息进行设置。目的是为了保持网关、子网掩码一致，ip地址网段一致，ip地址不一样）
设置OK后，使用其使设置生效。
重载一下网络配置
centos7 命令发生巨大变化
p addr #查看IP地址 ip add
service network restart #重启网络
systemctl restart network.service #重启网络centos7
vi /etc/hosts #127.0.0.1 dredis
hostname dreids #注意必须修改机器名hostname
ping www.baidu.com #如果出现baidu的ip地址则表示网络连通
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1.1.1安装Docker
1.1.1.1第一步：安装工具包
$ sudo yum install -y yum-utils #安装工具包，缺少这些依赖将无法完成
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执行结果：
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.3 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
update | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/3): epel/7/x86_64/updateinfo | 797 kB 00:00:00
(2/3): epel/7/x86_64/primary_db | 4.7 MB 00:00:00
(3/3): update/7/x86_64/primary_db | 4.8 MB 00:00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Package yum-utils-1.1.31-40.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
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1.1.1.2第二步：设置远程仓库
$sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
执行结果：
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
adding repo from: https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
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1.1.1.3第三步：安装
$ sudo yum install docker-ce
执行结果：
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
docker-ce-stable | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
docker-ce-stable/x86_64/primary_db | 4.8 kB 00:00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
–> Running transaction check
—> Package docker-ce.x86_64 0:17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos will be installed
–> Processing Dependency: docker-ce-selinux >= 17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos for package: docker-ce-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: libcgroup for package: docker-ce-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: libseccomp.so.2()(64bit) for package: docker-ce-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64
–> Running transaction check
—> Package docker-ce-selinux.noarch 0:17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos will be installed
–> Processing Dependency: policycoreutils-python for package: docker-ce-selinux-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.noarch
—> Package libcgroup.x86_64 0:0.41-11.el7 will be installed
—> Package libseccomp.x86_64 0:2.3.1-2.el7 will be installed
–> Running transaction check
—> Package policycoreutils-python.x86_64 0:2.5-11.el7_3 will be installed
–> Processing Dependency: setools-libs >= 3.3.8-1 for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: libsemanage-python >= 2.5-5 for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: audit-libs-python >= 2.1.3-4 for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: python-IPy for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: libqpol.so.1(VERS_1.4)(64bit) for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: libqpol.so.1(VERS_1.2)(64bit) for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: libapol.so.4(VERS_4.0)(64bit) for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: checkpolicy for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: libqpol.so.1()(64bit) for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: libapol.so.4()(64bit) for package: policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64
–> Running transaction check
—> Package audit-libs-python.x86_64 0:2.6.5-3.el7_3.1 will be installed
—> Package checkpolicy.x86_64 0:2.5-4.el7 will be installed
—> Package libsemanage-python.x86_64 0:2.5-5.1.el7_3 will be installed
—> Package python-IPy.noarch 0:0.75-6.el7 will be installed
—> Package setools-libs.x86_64 0:3.3.8-1.1.el7 will be installed
–> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=====================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
Installing:
docker-ce x86_64 17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable 19 M
Installing for dependencies:
audit-libs-python x86_64 2.6.5-3.el7_3.1 update 70 k
checkpolicy x86_64 2.5-4.el7 base 290 k
docker-ce-selinux noarch 17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable 28 k
libcgroup x86_64 0.41-11.el7 base 65 k
libseccomp x86_64 2.3.1-2.el7 base 56 k
libsemanage-python x86_64 2.5-5.1.el7_3 update 104 k
policycoreutils-python x86_64 2.5-11.el7_3 update 445 k
python-IPy noarch 0.75-6.el7 base 32 k
setools-libs x86_64 3.3.8-1.1.el7 base 612 k
Transaction Summary
Install 1 Package (+9 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 20 M
Installed size: 24 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
(1/10): audit-libs-python-2.6.5-3.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm | 70 kB 00:00:00
(2/10): checkpolicy-2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 290 kB 00:00:00
(3/10): libseccomp-2.3.1-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 56 kB 00:00:00
(4/10): libcgroup-0.41-11.el7.x86_64.rpm | 65 kB 00:00:00
(5/10): policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64.rpm | 445 kB 00:00:00
(6/10): setools-libs-3.3.8-1.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 612 kB 00:00:00
(7/10): libsemanage-python-2.5-5.1.el7_3.x86_64.rpm | 104 kB 00:00:00
(8/10): python-IPy-0.75-6.el7.noarch.rpm | 32 kB 00:00:00
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/docker-ce-stable/packages/docker-ce-selinux-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID 621e9f35: NOKEY
Public key for docker-ce-selinux-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.noarch.rpm is not installed
(9/10): docker-ce-selinux-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.noarch.rpm | 28 kB 00:00:00
(10/10): docker-ce-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 19 MB 00:00:00
Total 23 MB/s | 20 MB 00:00:00
Retrieving key from https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg
Importing GPG key 0x621E9F35:
Userid : “Docker Release (CE rpm) [email protected]”
Fingerprint: 060a 61c5 1b55 8a7f 742b 77aa c52f eb6b 621e 9f35
From : https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/gpg
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : libcgroup-0.41-11.el7.x86_64 1/10
Installing : setools-libs-3.3.8-1.1.el7.x86_64 2/10
Installing : checkpolicy-2.5-4.el7.x86_64 3/10
Installing : libsemanage-python-2.5-5.1.el7_3.x86_64 4/10
Installing : audit-libs-python-2.6.5-3.el7_3.1.x86_64 5/10
Installing : python-IPy-0.75-6.el7.noarch 6/10
Installing : policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64 7/10
Installing : docker-ce-selinux-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.noarch 8/10
setsebool: SELinux is disabled.
libsemanage.semanage_direct_install_info: Overriding docker module at lower priority 100 with module at priority 400.
Installing : libseccomp-2.3.1-2.el7.x86_64 9/10
Installing : docker-ce-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64 10/10
Verifying : libseccomp-2.3.1-2.el7.x86_64 1/10
Verifying : python-IPy-0.75-6.el7.noarch 2/10
Verifying : audit-libs-python-2.6.5-3.el7_3.1.x86_64 3/10
Verifying : libsemanage-python-2.5-5.1.el7_3.x86_64 4/10
Verifying : docker-ce-selinux-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.noarch 5/10
Verifying : libcgroup-0.41-11.el7.x86_64 6/10
Verifying : policycoreutils-python-2.5-11.el7_3.x86_64 7/10
Verifying : docker-ce-17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64 8/10
Verifying : checkpolicy-2.5-4.el7.x86_64 9/10
Verifying : setools-libs-3.3.8-1.1.el7.x86_64 10/10
Installed:
docker-ce.x86_64 0:17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos
Dependency Installed:
audit-libs-python.x86_64 0:2.6.5-3.el7_3.1 checkpolicy.x86_64 0:2.5-4.el7
docker-ce-selinux.noarch 0:17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos libcgroup.x86_64 0:0.41-11.el7
libseccomp.x86_64 0:2.3.1-2.el7 libsemanage-python.x86_64 0:2.5-5.1.el7_3
policycoreutils-python.x86_64 0:2.5-11.el7_3 python-IPy.noarch 0:0.75-6.el7
setools-libs.x86_64 0:3.3.8-1.1.el7
Complete!
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1.1.1.4第四步：启动
$ sudo systemctl start docker
或者
$ sudo service docker start
service docker start #启动docker
chkconfig docker on #加入开机启动
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第五步：查看版本
$ sudo docker version
执行结果：
Client:
Version: 17.03.1-ce
API version: 1.27
Go version: go1.7.5
Git commit: c6d412e
Built: Mon Mar 27 17:05:44 2017
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
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1.1.1.6第六步：校验
$ sudo docker run hello-world
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执行结果： （注意一下，结果没那么快出来）
Unable to find image ‘hello-world:latest’ locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
78445dd45222: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c5515758d4c5e1e838e9cd307f6c6a0d620b5e07e6f927b07d05f6d12a1ac8d7
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
- The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
- The Docker daemon pulled the “hello-world” image from the Docker Hub.
- The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading. - The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://cloud.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/
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1.1.2查看Docker版本
docker --help #帮助
docker –v #简单查看版本
docker version #查看版本
Client version: 1.7.1
Client API version: 1.19
Go version (client): go1.4.2
Git commit (client): 786b29d/1.7.1
OS/Arch (client): linux/amd64
Server version: 1.7.1
Server API version: 1.19
Go version (server): go1.4.2
Git commit (server): 786b29d/1.7.1
OS/Arch (server): linux/amd64
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docker info #查看信息
Containers: 0
Images: 2
Storage Driver: devicemapper
Pool Name: docker-253:0-34097258-pool
Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Data file: /dev/loop0
Metadata file: /dev/loop1
Data Space Used: 308.3 MB
Data Space Total: 107.4 GB
Data Space Available: 16.08 GB
Metadata Space Used: 782.3 kB
Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB
Metadata Space Available: 2.147 GB
Udev Sync Supported: true
Deferred Removal Enabled: false
Data loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data
Metadata loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata
Library Version: 1.02.107-RHEL7 (2015-10-14)
Execution Driver: native-0.2
Logging Driver: json-file
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
CPUs: 4
Total Memory: 985.6 MiB
Name: localhost.localdomain
ID: B5ZW:FJXF:FNUD:OLH7:FCNI:56DJ:XEQY:I6J4:PPHQ:OKRW:CIJK:Y26P
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1.1.3安装其它产品的两种方式
docker安装其它产品有两种方式
方式一：通过拉取事先做好的镜像，例如下面redis的安装方式
方式二：通过Dockerfile来构建新的镜像，例如下面tomcat的安装方式
1.1.4组成结构
docker会自动给docker容器配置一个vip虚拟ip地址
bash-4.1#提示符就代表进入docker容器内部