看完上面的Qzone超级补丁方案,我们不禁会想有没有那么一种方案,能做到开发透明,但是却没有QZone方案的缺陷呢?肯定是有的,比如我们完全可以使用新的Dex,那样既不出现Art地址错乱的问题,在Dalvik也无须插桩。当然考虑到补丁包的体积,我们不能直接将新的Dex放在里面。但我们可以将新旧两个Dex的差异放到补丁包中,最简单我们可以采用BsDiff算法。
Tinker是微信官方的Android热补丁解决方案,它支持动态下发代码、So库以及资源,让应用能够在不需要重新安装的情况下实现更新。
Tinker和以往的HotFix库思路不太一样,它更像是APP的增量更新,在服务器端通过差异性算法,计算出新旧dex之间的差异包,推送到客户端,进行合成。传统的差异性算法有BsDiff,而Tinker的牛逼之处就在于它自己基于Dex的文件格式,研发出了DexDiff算法,这个我们后面再说。
如果我们的应用想要集成Tinker热更新的话,可以直接在腾讯的Bugly创建自己的应用,然后接入。这里我就创建了一个应用,但是集成我是直接使用官方的例子。因为官方给出的集成步骤很详细,还有对应的一整套教程,大家用起来应该都很方便。
首先创建一个应用,获取AppID和AppKey,然后在GitHub上下载BuglyHotfixEasyDemo,目录结构如下:
BugClass就是存在错误的类:
public class BugClass {
public String bug() {
// 这段代码会报空指针异常
// String str = null;
// Log.e("BugClass", "get string length:" + str.length());
return "This is a bug class";
}
}
LoadBugClass就是获取BugClass中返回的字符串
public class LoadBugClass {
/**
*获取bug字符串.
*
*@return 返回bug字符串
*/
public static String getBugString() {
BugClass bugClass = new BugClass();
return bugClass.bug();
}
}
而MainActivity中有很多按钮,其中有一个按钮式,点击弹出Toast,显示的内容就是上面返回的字符串;
/**********省略N行代码*************/
/**
*根据应用patch包前后来测试是否应用patch包成功.
*
*应用patch包前,提示"This is a bug class"
*应用patch包之后,提示"The bug has fixed"
*/
public void testToast() {
Toast.makeText(this, LoadBugClass.getBugString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.btnShowToast: // 测试热更新功能 点击显示结果按钮
testToast();
break;
/***********再次省略N行代码************/
从项目结构上看也是很简单那的一个例子,多渠道打包我们就不尝试了,就来个简单的基本打包实现吧!
显示效果(点击显示效果按钮后,现在还是有bug的包,所以显示的是bug class):
配置基准包的tinkerId
在配置好如AppId等之后还需要在tinker-support.gradle文件中需要写入自己的配置:
inkerId最好是一个唯一标识,例如git版本号、versionName等等。 如果你要测试热更新,你需要对基线版本进行联网上报。
这里强调一下,基线版本配置一个唯一的tinkerId,而这个基线版本能够应用补丁的前提是集成过热更新SDK,并启动上报过联网,这样我们后台会将这个tinkerId对应到一个目标版本,例如tinkerId = “bugly_1.0.0” 对应了一个目标版本是1.0.0,基于这个版本打的补丁包就能匹配到目标版本。
编译生成基准包(原包,含bug)
执行assembleRelease编译生成基准包:
会在build/baseApk目录下生成如下文件,具体路径和文件名可以自己配置
启动apk,上报联网数据
我们每次冷启动都会请求补丁策略,会上报当前版本号和tinkerId,这样我们后台就能将这个唯一的tinkerId对应到一个版本,测试的时候可以打开logcat查看我们的日志,如下图所示:
我们能看到tinkerId;
其实就是讲BugClass中的返回字符串改为“The bug has fixed”;
修改待修复apk路径、mapping文件路径、resId文件路径
/**
*此处填写每次构建生成的基准包目录
*/
def baseApkDir = "app-0813-20-54-50" //改成刚才生成的目录 其实是按日期时间生成的目录
tinkerId = "1.0.1-patch"
执行构建补丁包的task,其实生成的就是bug修复的完整apk
如果你要生成不同编译环境的补丁包,只需要执行TinkerSupport插件生成的task,比如buildTinkerPatchRelease就能生成release编译环境的补丁包。 注:TinkerSupport插件版本低于1.0.4的,需要使用tinkerPatchRelease来生成补丁包 。
生成的补丁包在build/outputs/patch目录下:
主要会生成3个文件:unSignedApk,signedApk以及signedWith7ZipApk。
unSignedApk只要将tinker_result中的文件压缩到一个压缩包即可。
signedApk将unSignedApk使用jarsigner进行签名。
signedWith7ZipApk主要是对signedApk进行解压再做sevenZip压缩。
见证奇迹的时刻到了!!上传补丁包到平台并下发编辑规则,点击发布新补丁,上传前面生成的patch包,平台会自动为你匹配到目标版本,可以选择下发范围(开发设备、全量设备、自定义),填写完备注之后,点击立即下发让补丁生效,这样你就可以在客户端当中收到我们的策略,SDK会自动帮你把补丁包下到本地。
再次启动会发现停止运行,那是因为客户端收到策略需要下载补丁更新,最后的修复后效果:
好的,这下Bugly热更新我们就简单的看了下效果,其所应用的就是微信的Tinker方案,其实不难看出,Bugly和阿里的Sophix都是针对补丁包的一种下发策略。
对于微信来说,实现热更新使用一个“高可用”的补丁框架,至少满足以下几个条件:
稳定性与兼容性;微信需要在数亿台设备上运行,即使补丁框架带来1%的异常,也将影响到数万用户。保证补丁框架的稳定性与兼容性是我们的第一要务;
性能;微信对性能要求也非常苛刻,首先补丁框架不能影响应用的性能,这里基于大部分情况下用户不会使用到补丁。其次补丁包应该尽量少,这关系到用户流量与补丁的成功率问题;
易用性;在解决完以上两个核心问题的前提下,我们希望补丁框架简单易用,并且可以全面支持,甚至可以做到功能发布级别。
而热更新技术的两大流派,一种就是阿里的Native流派,即AndFix和Sophix,还有一种就是腾讯自己的Qzone超级补丁属于java流派,最后微信还是选择了继续走自己的java流派(自己的路就是要一走到黑!),但是微信并不是固守陈规,而是追求极致!这不得不提到文章前面提到的DexDiff算法了。
我们都知道dex文件是运行在Dalvik中的字节码文件,类似于运行于JVM中的class文件,在反编译的时候,apk中会包含一个或者多个*.dex文件,该文件中存储了我们编写的代码,一般情况下我们还会通过工具转化为jar,然后通过一些工具反编译查看(dex2jar)。
jar文件大家应该都清楚,类似于class文件的压缩包,一般情况下,我们直接解压就可以看到一个个class文件。而dex文件我们无法通过解压获取内部的一class文件,那肯定是因为它的格式决定的,具体的格式我们不在这里分析,我们看一下DexDiff的基本步骤(细节暂不考虑):
首先,明确有这么几个东西,bugdex,bugfixeddex,patchdex;
其次,计算出bugfixeddex中每一部分(指的是dex结构中的某一特定部分)占用的大小;
然后,比较bugdex和bugfixeddex的每一部分,对每一部分进行对比,并记录不同(删除了哪些,新增了哪些,记录和存储以什么形式我们暂时不管)。
最后,将保存的不同的记录写入补丁中
Tinker中Dex的热更新主要分为三个部分: 一、补丁包的生成; 二、补丁包下发后生成全量Dex; 三、生成全量Dex后的加载过程。
我们昨天在生成补丁的时候,调用了tinker-support中的buildTinkerPatchRelease
当我们运行这个之后,
执行时间最长的当属tinkerPatchRelease的这个过程,
那么具体的Tinker是如何实现热更新的呢?源码出真知,我们下载tinker的源码来看看不就知道了嘛,毕竟是开源的嘛!“tinker源码传送”
我下载的是目前最新的1.8.1版本。源码我们挑重点看,目录结构如下:
com.tencent.tinker.build.patch.Runner这个类就是我们在执行buildTinkerPatchRelease会执行的类,具体是执行类中的tinkerPatch()方法:
protected void tinkerPatch() {
Logger.d("-----------------------Tinker patch begin-----------------------");
Logger.d(config.toString());
try {
//gen patch
ApkDecoder decoder = new ApkDecoder(config);
decoder.onAllPatchesStart();
decoder.patch(config.mOldApkFile, config.mNewApkFile);
decoder.onAllPatchesEnd();
//gen meta file and version file
PatchInfo info = new PatchInfo(config);
info.gen();
//build patch
PatchBuilder builder = new PatchBuilder(config);
builder.buildPatch();
} catch (Throwable e) {
e.printStackTrace();
goToError();
}
Logger.d("Tinker patch done, total time cost: %fs", diffTimeFromBegin());
Logger.d("Tinker patch done, you can go to file to find the output %s", config.mOutFolder);
Logger.d("-----------------------Tinker patch end-------------------------");
}
这个其实就是生成补丁的过程,其中调用com.tencent.tinker.build.decoder.ApkDecoder中patch(File oldFile, File newFile)方法:
public boolean patch(File oldFile, File newFile) throws Exception {
writeToLogFile(oldFile, newFile);
//check manifest change first
manifestDecoder.patch(oldFile, newFile);
unzipApkFiles(oldFile, newFile);
Files.walkFileTree(mNewApkDir.toPath(), new ApkFilesVisitor(config, mNewApkDir.toPath(), mOldApkDir.toPath(), dexPatchDecoder, soPatchDecoder, resPatchDecoder));
//get all duplicate resource file
for (File duplicateRes : resDuplicateFiles) {
// resPatchDecoder.patch(duplicateRes, null);
Logger.e("Warning: res file %s is also match at dex or library pattern, " + "we treat it as unchanged in the new resource_out.zip", getRelativePathStringToOldFile(duplicateRes));
}
soPatchDecoder.onAllPatchesEnd();
dexPatchDecoder.onAllPatchesEnd();
manifestDecoder.onAllPatchesEnd();
resPatchDecoder.onAllPatchesEnd();
//clean resources
dexPatchDecoder.clean();
soPatchDecoder.clean();
resPatchDecoder.clean();
return true;
}
首先对manifest文件进行检测,看其是否有更改,如果发现manifest的组件有新增,则抛出异常,因为目前Tinker暂不支持四大组件的新增。
检测通过后解压apk文件,遍历新旧apk,交给ApkFilesVisitor进行处理。
ApkFilesVisitor的visitFile方法中,对于dex类型的文件,调用dexDecoder进行patch操作;我们主要是针对dexDecoder进行分析,所以省略so类型和res类型操作代码:
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) throws IOException {
Path relativePath = newApkPath.relativize(file);
Path oldPath = oldApkPath.resolve(relativePath);
File oldFile = null;
//is a new file?!
if (oldPath.toFile().exists()) {
oldFile = oldPath.toFile();
}
String patternKey = relativePath.toString().replace("\\", "/");
if (Utils.checkFileInPattern(config.mDexFilePattern, patternKey)) {
//also treat duplicate file as unchanged
if (Utils.checkFileInPattern(config.mResFilePattern, patternKey) && oldFile != null) {
resDuplicateFiles.add(oldFile);
}
try {
dexDecoder.patch(oldFile, file.toFile());
} catch (Exception e) {
// e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
if (Utils.checkFileInPattern(config.mSoFilePattern, patternKey)) {
//also treat duplicate file as unchanged
/*****省略so解析,对于so类型的文件,使用soDecoder进行patch操作**************/
}
if (Utils.checkFileInPattern(config.mResFilePattern, patternKey)) {
/*****省略so解析,对于Res类型文件,使用resDecoder进行操作patch操作**************/
}
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
可以看出是调用DexDiffDecoder.patch(final File oldFile, final File newFile)方法,源码如下:
@SuppressWarnings("NewApi")
@Override
public boolean patch(final File oldFile, final File newFile) throws IOException, TinkerPatchException {
final String dexName = getRelativeDexName(oldFile, newFile);
/>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>省略N行代码<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
try {
excludedClassModifiedChecker.checkIfExcludedClassWasModifiedInNewDex(oldFile, newFile);
}
/>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>省略N行代码<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
// If corresponding new dex was completely deleted, just return false.
// don't process 0 length dex
if (newFile == null || !newFile.exists() || newFile.length() == 0) {
return false;
}
File dexDiffOut = getOutputPath(newFile).toFile();
final String newMd5 = getRawOrWrappedDexMD5(newFile);
//new add file
if (oldFile == null || !oldFile.exists() || oldFile.length() == 0) {
hasDexChanged = true;
copyNewDexAndLogToDexMeta(newFile, newMd5, dexDiffOut);
return true;
}
/>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>省略N行代码<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
RelatedInfo relatedInfo = new RelatedInfo();
relatedInfo.oldMd5 = oldMd5;
relatedInfo.newMd5 = newMd5;
// collect current old dex file and corresponding new dex file for further processing.
oldAndNewDexFilePairList.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(oldFile, newFile));
dexNameToRelatedInfoMap.put(dexName, relatedInfo);
return true;
}
由源码可以看出是先检测输入的dex文件中是否有不允许修改的类被修改了,如loader相关的类是不允许被修改的,这种情况下会抛出异常;
如果dex是新增的,直接将该dex拷贝到结果文件;
如果dex是修改的,收集增加和删除的class。oldAndNewDexFilePairList将新旧dex对应关系保存起来,用于后面的分析。
单单只是将新的dex文件加入到addedDexFiles。调用的是UniqueDexDiffDecoder.patch:
@Override
public boolean patch(File oldFile, File newFile) throws IOException, TinkerPatchException {
boolean added = super.patch(oldFile, newFile);
if (added) {
String name = newFile.getName();
if (addedDexFiles.contains(name)) {
throw new TinkerPatchException("illegal dex name, dex name should be unique, dex:" + name);
} else {
addedDexFiles.add(name);
}
}
return added;
}
在patch完成后,会调用generatePatchInfoFile生成补丁文件。DexFiffDecoder.generatePatchInfoFile中首先遍历oldAndNewDexFilePairList,取出新旧文件对。
判断新旧文件的MD5是否相等,不相等,说明有变化,会根据新旧文件创建DexPatchGenerator,DexPatchGenerator构造函数中包含了15个Dex区域的比较算法:
private DexSectionDiffAlgorithm stringDataSectionDiffAlg;
private DexSectionDiffAlgorithm typeIdSectionDiffAlg;
private DexSectionDiffAlgorithm protoIdSectionDiffAlg;
private DexSectionDiffAlgorithm fieldIdSectionDiffAlg;
private DexSectionDiffAlgorithm methodIdSectionDiffAlg;
private DexSectionDiffAlgorithm classDefSectionDiffAlg;
private DexSectionDiffAlgorithm typeListSectionDiffAlg;
private DexSectionDiffAlgorithm annotationSetRefListSectionDiffAlg;
private DexSectionDiffAlgorithm annotationSetSectionDiffAlg;
private DexSectionDiffAlgorithm classDataSectionDiffAlg;
private DexSectionDiffAlgorithm codeSectionDiffAlg;
private DexSectionDiffAlgorithm debugInfoSectionDiffAlg;
private DexSectionDiffAlgorithm annotationSectionDiffAlg;
private DexSectionDiffAlgorithm encodedArraySectionDiffAlg;
private DexSectionDiffAlgorithm annotationsDirectorySectionDiffAlg;
DexDiffDecoder.executeAndSaveTo(OutputStream out) 这个函数里面会根据上面的15个算法对dex的各个区域进行比较,每个算法代表每个区域,算法的目的就像我们之前描述DexDiff第3步的那样,要知道“删除了哪些,新增了哪些”,最后生成dex文件的差异。
这是整个dex diff算法的核心。以StringDataSectionDiffAlgorithm为例,算法流程如下:
每个算法都会执行execute和simulatePatchOperation方法:
/************省略N行代码*************/
this.stringDataSectionDiffAlg.execute();
this.patchedStringDataItemsOffset = patchedheaderSize + patchedIdSectionSize;
if (this.oldDex.getTableOfContents().stringDatas.isElementFourByteAligned) {
this.patchedStringDataItemsOffset
= SizeOf.roundToTimesOfFour(this.patchedStringDataItemsOffset);
}
this.stringDataSectionDiffAlg.simulatePatchOperation(this.patchedStringDataItemsOffset);
/************省略N行代码*************/
首先看execute(代码比较长,因为是算法核心,不好省略,所以分两部分讲下,大家可以去源码中看com.tencent.tinker.build.dexpatcher.algorithms.diff.DexSectionDiffAlgorithm)
public void execute() {
this.patchOperationList.clear();
this.adjustedOldIndexedItemsWithOrigOrder = collectSectionItems(this.oldDex, true);
this.oldItemCount = this.adjustedOldIndexedItemsWithOrigOrder.length;
AbstractMap.SimpleEntry[] adjustedOldIndexedItems = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry[this.oldItemCount];
System.arraycopy(this.adjustedOldIndexedItemsWithOrigOrder, 0, adjustedOldIndexedItems, 0, this.oldItemCount);
Arrays.sort(adjustedOldIndexedItems, this.comparatorForItemDiff);
AbstractMap.SimpleEntry[] adjustedNewIndexedItems = collectSectionItems(this.newDex, false);
this.newItemCount = adjustedNewIndexedItems.length;
Arrays.sort(adjustedNewIndexedItems, this.comparatorForItemDiff);
int oldCursor = 0;
int newCursor = 0;
while (oldCursor < this.oldItemCount || newCursor < this.newItemCount) {
if (oldCursor >= this.oldItemCount) {
// rest item are all newItem.
while (newCursor < this.newItemCount) {
AbstractMap.SimpleEntry newIndexedItem = adjustedNewIndexedItems[newCursor++];
this.patchOperationList.add(new PatchOperation<>(PatchOperation.OP_ADD, newIndexedItem.getKey(), newIndexedItem.getValue()));
}
} else
if (newCursor >= newItemCount) {
// rest item are all oldItem.
while (oldCursor < oldItemCount) {
AbstractMap.SimpleEntry oldIndexedItem = adjustedOldIndexedItems[oldCursor++];
int deletedIndex = oldIndexedItem.getKey();
int deletedOffset = getItemOffsetOrIndex(deletedIndex, oldIndexedItem.getValue());
this.patchOperationList.add(new PatchOperation(PatchOperation.OP_DEL, deletedIndex));
markDeletedIndexOrOffset(this.oldToPatchedIndexMap, deletedIndex, deletedOffset);
}
} else {
AbstractMap.SimpleEntry oldIndexedItem = adjustedOldIndexedItems[oldCursor];
AbstractMap.SimpleEntry newIndexedItem = adjustedNewIndexedItems[newCursor];
int cmpRes = oldIndexedItem.getValue().compareTo(newIndexedItem.getValue());
if (cmpRes < 0) {
int deletedIndex = oldIndexedItem.getKey();
int deletedOffset = getItemOffsetOrIndex(deletedIndex, oldIndexedItem.getValue());
this.patchOperationList.add(new PatchOperation(PatchOperation.OP_DEL, deletedIndex));
markDeletedIndexOrOffset(this.oldToPatchedIndexMap, deletedIndex, deletedOffset);
++oldCursor;
} else
if (cmpRes > 0) {
this.patchOperationList.add(new PatchOperation<>(PatchOperation.OP_ADD, newIndexedItem.getKey(), newIndexedItem.getValue()));
++newCursor;
} else {
int oldIndex = oldIndexedItem.getKey();
int newIndex = newIndexedItem.getKey();
int oldOffset = getItemOffsetOrIndex(oldIndexedItem.getKey(), oldIndexedItem.getValue());
int newOffset = getItemOffsetOrIndex(newIndexedItem.getKey(), newIndexedItem.getValue());
if (oldIndex != newIndex) {
this.oldIndexToNewIndexMap.put(oldIndex, newIndex);
}
if (oldOffset != newOffset) {
this.oldOffsetToNewOffsetMap.put(oldOffset, newOffset);
}
++oldCursor;
++newCursor;
}
}
/**********前半部分**********************/
}
可以看到首先读取oldDex和newDex对应区域的数据并排序,分别adjustedOldIndexedItems和adjustedNewIndexedItems。
接下来就开始遍历了,直接看else部分:
分别根据当前的cursor,获取oldItem和newItem,对其value对对比:
如果<0 ,则认为该old Item被删除了,记录为PatchOperation.OP_DEL,并记录该oldItem index到PatchOperation对象,加入到patchOperationList中。
如果>0,则认为该newItem是新增的,记录为PatchOperation.OP_ADD,并记录该newItem index和value到PatchOperation对象,加入到patchOperationList中。
如果=0,不会生成PatchOperation。
经过上述,我们得到了一个patchOperationList对象。
继续下半部分代码:
/*************后半部分**********************/
// So far all diff works are done. Then we perform some optimize works.
// detail: {OP_DEL idx} followed by {OP_ADD the_same_idx newItem}
// will be replaced by {OP_REPLACE idx newItem}
Collections.sort(this.patchOperationList, comparatorForPatchOperationOpt);
Iterator> patchOperationIt = this.patchOperationList.iterator();
PatchOperation prevPatchOperation = null;
while (patchOperationIt.hasNext()) {
PatchOperation patchOperation = patchOperationIt.next();
if (prevPatchOperation != null
&& prevPatchOperation.op == PatchOperation.OP_DEL
&& patchOperation.op == PatchOperation.OP_ADD
) {
if (prevPatchOperation.index == patchOperation.index) {
prevPatchOperation.op = PatchOperation.OP_REPLACE;
prevPatchOperation.newItem = patchOperation.newItem;
patchOperationIt.remove();
prevPatchOperation = null;
} else {
prevPatchOperation = patchOperation;
}
} else {
prevPatchOperation = patchOperation;
}
}
// Finally we record some information for the final calculations.
patchOperationIt = this.patchOperationList.iterator();
while (patchOperationIt.hasNext()) {
PatchOperation patchOperation = patchOperationIt.next();
switch (patchOperation.op) {
case PatchOperation.OP_DEL: {
indexToDelOperationMap.put(patchOperation.index, patchOperation);
break;
}
case PatchOperation.OP_ADD: {
indexToAddOperationMap.put(patchOperation.index, patchOperation);
break;
}
case PatchOperation.OP_REPLACE: {
indexToReplaceOperationMap.put(patchOperation.index, patchOperation);
break;
}
}
}
}
首先对patchOperationList按照index排序,如果index一致则先DEL、后ADD。
接下来一个对所有的operation的迭代,主要将index一致的,且连续的DEL、ADD转化为REPLACE操作。
最后将patchOperationList转化为3个Map,分别为:indexToDelOperationMap,indexToAddOperationMap,indexToReplaceOperationMap。
ok,经历完成execute之后,我们主要的产物就是3个Map,分别记录了:oldDex中哪些index需要删除;newDex中新增了哪些item;哪些item需要替换为新item。
这基本上就是DexDif算法的核心思想了(StringDataSectionDiffAlgorithm举例,其他的一样分析);
刚才说了每个算法除了execute()还有个simulatePatchOperation():
public void simulatePatchOperation(int baseOffset) {
boolean isNeedToMakeAlign = getTocSection(this.oldDex).isElementFourByteAligned;
int oldIndex = 0;
int patchedIndex = 0;
int patchedOffset = baseOffset;
while (oldIndex < this.oldItemCount || patchedIndex < this.newItemCount) {
if (this.indexToAddOperationMap.containsKey(patchedIndex)) {
PatchOperation patchOperation = this.indexToAddOperationMap.get(patchedIndex);
if (isNeedToMakeAlign) {
patchedOffset = SizeOf.roundToTimesOfFour(patchedOffset);
}
T newItem = patchOperation.newItem;
int itemSize = getItemSize(newItem);
updateIndexOrOffset(this.newToPatchedIndexMap,0,getItemOffsetOrIndex(patchOperation.index, newItem),0,patchedOffset);
++patchedIndex;
patchedOffset += itemSize;
} else
if (this.indexToReplaceOperationMap.containsKey(patchedIndex)) {
PatchOperation patchOperation = this.indexToReplaceOperationMap.get(patchedIndex);
/*******省略N代码***********/
++patchedIndex;
patchedOffset += itemSize;
} else
if (this.indexToDelOperationMap.containsKey(oldIndex)) {
++oldIndex;
} else
if (this.indexToReplaceOperationMap.containsKey(oldIndex)) {
++oldIndex;
} else
if (oldIndex < this.oldItemCount) {
/*******省略N代码***********/
++oldIndex;
++patchedIndex;
patchedOffset += itemSize;
}
}
this.patchedSectionSize = SizeOf.roundToTimesOfFour(patchedOffset - baseOffset);
}
首先是要遍历oldIndex与newIndex,分别在indexToAddOperationMap,indexToReplaceOperationMap,indexToDelOperationMap中查找。
这里关注一点最终的一个产物是this.patchedSectionSize,由patchedOffset-baseOffset得到。
这里有几种情况会造成patchedOffset+=itemSize:
这个patchedSectionSize其实对应newDex的这个区域的size。所以,包含需要ADD的Item,会被替代的Item,以及OLD ITEMS中没有被删除和替代的Item。
这三者相加即为newDex的itemList。
到这里,StringDataSectionDiffAlgorithm算法就执行完毕了。
经过这样的一个算法,我们得到了PatchOperationList和对应区域sectionSize。那么执行完成所有的算法,应该会得到针对每个算法的PatchOperationList,和每个区域的sectionSize;每个区域的sectionSize实际上换算得到每个区域的offset。
每个区域的算法,execute和simulatePatchOperation代码都是复用的父类 com.tencent.tinker.build.dexpatcher.algorithms.diff.DexSectionDiffAlgorithm 的方法,所以其他的都差不多,可以自己查看。
接下来看执行完成所有的算法后的writeResultToStream方法:
private void writeResultToStream(OutputStream os) throws IOException {
DexDataBuffer buffer = new DexDataBuffer();
buffer.write(DexPatchFile.MAGIC);
buffer.writeShort(DexPatchFile.CURRENT_VERSION);
buffer.writeInt(this.patchedDexSize);
// we will return here to write firstChunkOffset later.
int posOfFirstChunkOffsetField = buffer.position();
buffer.writeInt(0);
buffer.writeInt(this.patchedStringIdsOffset);
buffer.writeInt(this.patchedTypeIdsOffset);
buffer.writeInt(this.patchedProtoIdsOffset);
/*****省略其他算法***********/
buffer.write(this.oldDex.computeSignature(false));
int firstChunkOffset = buffer.position();
buffer.position(posOfFirstChunkOffsetField);
buffer.writeInt(firstChunkOffset);
buffer.position(firstChunkOffset);
writePatchOperations(buffer, this.stringDataSectionDiffAlg.getPatchOperationList());
writePatchOperations(buffer, this.typeIdSectionDiffAlg.getPatchOperationList());
writePatchOperations(buffer, this.typeListSectionDiffAlg.getPatchOperationList());
/*****省略其他算法***********/
byte[] bufferData = buffer.array();
os.write(bufferData);
os.flush();
}
首先写了MAGIC,CURRENT_VERSION主要用于检查该文件为合法的tinker patch 文件。
然后写入patchedDexSize,第四位写入的是数据区的offset,可以看到先使用0站位,等所有的map list相关的offset书写结束,写入当前的位置。
接下来写入所有的跟maplist各个区域相关的offset(这里各个区域的排序不重要,读写一致即可)
然后执行每个算法写入对应区域的信息,最后生成patch文件
其实就是对每个区域比较后将比较的结果写入patch文件中,文件格式写在DexDataBuffer中
生成的文件以dex结尾,但需要注意的是,它不是真正的dex文件,具体格式分析在DexDataBuffer中。
其中writePatchOperations方法就是写入的方法,我们还是只看stringDataSectionDiffAlg的:
private > void writePatchOperations(
DexDataBuffer buffer, List> patchOperationList
) {
List delOpIndexList = new ArrayList<>(patchOperationList.size());
List addOpIndexList = new ArrayList<>(patchOperationList.size());
List replaceOpIndexList = new ArrayList<>(patchOperationList.size());
List newItemList = new ArrayList<>(patchOperationList.size());
for (PatchOperation patchOperation : patchOperationList) {
switch (patchOperation.op) {
case PatchOperation.OP_DEL: {
delOpIndexList.add(patchOperation.index);
break;
}
case PatchOperation.OP_ADD: {
addOpIndexList.add(patchOperation.index);
newItemList.add(patchOperation.newItem);
break;
}
case PatchOperation.OP_REPLACE: {
replaceOpIndexList.add(patchOperation.index);
newItemList.add(patchOperation.newItem);
break;
}
}
}
buffer.writeUleb128(delOpIndexList.size());
int lastIndex = 0;
for (Integer index : delOpIndexList) {
buffer.writeSleb128(index - lastIndex);
lastIndex = index;
}
buffer.writeUleb128(addOpIndexList.size());
lastIndex = 0;
for (Integer index : addOpIndexList) {
buffer.writeSleb128(index - lastIndex);
lastIndex = index;
}
buffer.writeUleb128(replaceOpIndexList.size());
lastIndex = 0;
for (Integer index : replaceOpIndexList) {
buffer.writeSleb128(index - lastIndex);
lastIndex = index;
}
for (T newItem : newItemList) {
if (newItem instanceof StringData) {
buffer.writeStringData((StringData) newItem);
} else
/***********其他*******************/
}
}
从代码中我们可以看出我们的写入步骤:首先把patchOperationList转化为3个OpIndexList,分别对应DEL,ADD,REPLACE,以及将所有的item存入newItemList。
然后依次写入:
最好来看看我们生成的patch是什么样子的:
那么这么看,我们猜测Patch的逻辑时这样的:
所以,newDex的某个区域的包含:
oldItems - del - replace + addItems + replaceItems
这样就完成了补丁包的生成过程,那么服务器在下发补丁之后如何合成全量的新Dex的呢?下面我们来分析:
如何合成全量的新Dex来运行
当app收到服务器下发的补丁后,会触发DefaultPatchListener.onPatchReceived事件,调用TinkerPatchService.runPatchService启动patch进程进行补丁patch工作。
UpgradePatch.tryPatch()中会首先检查补丁的合法性,签名,以及是否安装过补丁,检查通过后会尝试dex,so以及res文件的patch。
我们主要分析DexDiffPatchInternal.tryRecoverDexFiles,讨论dex的patch过程。
tryRecoverDexFiles调用DexDiffPatchInternal.patchDexFile:
private static void patchDexFile(
ZipFile baseApk, ZipFile patchPkg, ZipEntry oldDexEntry, ZipEntry patchFileEntry,
ShareDexDiffPatchInfo patchInfo, File patchedDexFile) throws IOException {
/**********省略N行代码 最终都会调用这个方法************/
new DexPatchApplier(oldDexStream, patchFileStream).executeAndSaveTo(patchedDexFile);
}
最终通过DexPatchApplier.executeAndSaveTo进行执行及生产全量dex。
public void executeAndSaveTo(File file) throws IOException {
OutputStream os = null;
try {
os = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
executeAndSaveTo(os);
} finally {
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
// ignored.
}
}
}
}
其实就是调用了DexPatchApplier.executeAndSaveTo(os):
方法代码比较长,源码中也是分了三部分注释:
public void executeAndSaveTo(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
// Before executing, we should check if this patch can be applied to
// old dex we passed in.
byte[] oldDexSign = this.oldDex.computeSignature(false);
if (oldDexSign == null) {
throw new IOException("failed to compute old dex's signature.");
}
if (this.patchFile == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("patch file is null.");
}
byte[] oldDexSignInPatchFile = this.patchFile.getOldDexSignature();
if (CompareUtils.uArrCompare(oldDexSign, oldDexSignInPatchFile) != 0) {
throw new IOException(
String.format(
"old dex signature mismatch! expected: %s, actual: %s",
Arrays.toString(oldDexSign),
Arrays.toString(oldDexSignInPatchFile)
)
);
}
// Firstly, set sections' offset after patched, sort according to their offset so that
// the dex lib of aosp can calculate section size.
TableOfContents patchedToc = this.patchedDex.getTableOfContents();
patchedToc.header.off = 0;
patchedToc.header.size = 1;
patchedToc.mapList.size = 1;
patchedToc.stringIds.off
= this.patchFile.getPatchedStringIdSectionOffset();
patchedToc.typeIds.off
= this.patchFile.getPatchedTypeIdSectionOffset();
patchedToc.typeLists.off
/*****省略其他算法过程************/
Arrays.sort(patchedToc.sections);
patchedToc.computeSizesFromOffsets();
// Firstly, set sections’ offset after patched, sort according to their offset so that
// the dex lib of aosp can calculate section size.
这里实际上,就是读取patchFile中记录的值给patchedDex的TableOfContent中各种Section(大致对应map list中各个map_list_item)赋值,即设定各个区域的偏移量。
然后就是排序,设置byteCount等字段信息。patchedDex是最终合成的dex。
// Secondly, run patch algorithms according to sections' dependencies.
this.stringDataSectionPatchAlg = new StringDataSectionPatchAlgorithm(
patchFile, oldDex, patchedDex, oldToPatchedIndexMap
);
this.typeIdSectionPatchAlg = new TypeIdSectionPatchAlgorithm(
patchFile, oldDex, patchedDex, oldToPatchedIndexMap
);
/***省略其他算法代码*****/
this.stringDataSectionPatchAlg.execute();
this.typeIdSectionPatchAlg.execute();
/***省略其他算法代码*****/
第二部分其实是将15种算法初始化了一遍,然后都去执行execute()。我们依然是拿stringDataSectionPatchAlg来分析,其实还是调用的抽象父类DexSectionPatchAlgorithm中的execute方法:
public void execute() {
final int deletedItemCount = patchFile.getBuffer().readUleb128();
final int[] deletedIndices = readDeltaIndiciesOrOffsets(deletedItemCount);
final int addedItemCount = patchFile.getBuffer().readUleb128();
final int[] addedIndices = readDeltaIndiciesOrOffsets(addedItemCount);
final int replacedItemCount = patchFile.getBuffer().readUleb128();
final int[] replacedIndices = readDeltaIndiciesOrOffsets(replacedItemCount);
final TableOfContents.Section tocSec = getTocSection(this.oldDex);
Dex.Section oldSection = null;
int oldItemCount = 0;
if (tocSec.exists()) {
oldSection = this.oldDex.openSection(tocSec);
oldItemCount = tocSec.size;
}
// Now rest data are added and replaced items arranged in the order of
// added indices and replaced indices.
doFullPatch(
oldSection, oldItemCount, deletedIndices, addedIndices, replacedIndices
);
}
我们在写入的时候现在都被读取出来了,这里的算法和生成补丁的DexDiff是一个逆向的过程,每个区域的合并算法采用二路归并,在old dex的基础上对元素进行删除,增加,替换操作。:
接下来获取了oldDex中oldItems和oldItemCount。然后带着这些参数执行方法doFullPatch(oldSection, oldItemCount, deletedIndices, addedIndices, replacedIndices):
private void doFullPatch(
Dex.Section oldSection,
int oldItemCount,
int[] deletedIndices,
int[] addedIndices,
int[] replacedIndices
) {
int deletedItemCount = deletedIndices.length;
int addedItemCount = addedIndices.length;
int replacedItemCount = replacedIndices.length;
int newItemCount = oldItemCount + addedItemCount - deletedItemCount;
int deletedItemCounter = 0;
int addActionCursor = 0;
int replaceActionCursor = 0;
int oldIndex = 0;
int patchedIndex = 0;
while (oldIndex < oldItemCount || patchedIndex < newItemCount) {
if (addActionCursor < addedItemCount && addedIndices[addActionCursor] == patchedIndex) {
/****************第1部分******************/
T addedItem = nextItem(patchFile.getBuffer());
int patchedOffset = writePatchedItem(addedItem);
++addActionCursor;
++patchedIndex;
} else
if (replaceActionCursor < replacedItemCount && replacedIndices[replaceActionCursor] == patchedIndex) {
/****************第2部分 省略N行代码,和上一部分类似,后面会做具体分析******************/
int patchedOffset = writePatchedItem(addedItem);
} else
if (Arrays.binarySearch(deletedIndices, oldIndex) >= 0) {
/****************第3部分(1) 省略N行代码,和上一部分类似,后面会做具体分析******************/
int patchedOffset = writePatchedItem(addedItem);
} else
if (Arrays.binarySearch(replacedIndices, oldIndex) >= 0) {
/****************第3部分(2) 省略N行代码,和上一部分类似,后面会做具体分析******************/
int patchedOffset = writePatchedItem(addedItem);
} else
if (oldIndex < oldItemCount) {
/****************第4部分 省略N行代码,和上一部分类似,后面会做具体分析******************/
int patchedOffset = writePatchedItem(addedItem);
}
}
if (addActionCursor != addedItemCount || deletedItemCounter != deletedItemCount
|| replaceActionCursor != replacedItemCount
) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
/*************..String。。。。。。。。/
)
);
}
}
到此,生成Dex过程完成。
从源码中可以看出我们是向位于patchedDex的stringData区写数据,按照上面我们说的,应该要写入新增的、替换的的数据,而我们写入的过程:
首先计算出newItemCount=oldItemCount + addCount - delCount,然后开始遍历,遍历条件为0~oldItemCount或0~newItemCount。
而在patchIndex从0~newItemCount之间都会写入对应的Item。
Item写入通过代码我们可以看到(第1、2、3(1)、3(2)、4部分),具体代码如下:
1. 首先判断该patchIndex是否包含在addIndices中,如果包含则写入:
if (addActionCursor < addedItemCount && addedIndices[addActionCursor] == patchedIndex) {
T addedItem = nextItem(patchFile.getBuffer());
int patchedOffset = writePatchedItem(addedItem);
++addActionCursor;
++patchedIndex;
}
再者判断是否在repalceIndices中,如果包含则写入:
if (replaceActionCursor < replacedItemCount && replacedIndices[replaceActionCursor] == patchedIndex) {
T replacedItem = nextItem(patchFile.getBuffer());
int patchedOffset = writePatchedItem(replacedItem);
++replaceActionCursor;
++patchedIndex;
}
然后判断如果发现oldIndex被delete或者replace,直接跳过:
if (Arrays.binarySearch(deletedIndices, oldIndex) >= 0) {
T skippedOldItem = nextItem(oldSection); // skip old item.
markDeletedIndexOrOffset(
oldToPatchedIndexMap,
oldIndex,
getItemOffsetOrIndex(oldIndex, skippedOldItem)
);
++oldIndex;
++deletedItemCounter;
} else
if (Arrays.binarySearch(replacedIndices, oldIndex) >= 0) {
T skippedOldItem = nextItem(oldSection); // skip old item.
markDeletedIndexOrOffset(
oldToPatchedIndexMap,
oldIndex,
getItemOffsetOrIndex(oldIndex, skippedOldItem)
);
++oldIndex;
}
最后一个index指的就是,oldIndex为非delete和replace的,也就是和newDex中items相同的部分。
if (oldIndex < oldItemCount) {
T oldItem = adjustItem(this.oldToPatchedIndexMap, nextItem(oldSection));
int patchedOffset = writePatchedItem(oldItem);
updateIndexOrOffset(
this.oldToPatchedIndexMap,
oldIndex,
getItemOffsetOrIndex(oldIndex, oldItem),
patchedIndex,
patchedOffset
);
++oldIndex;
++patchedIndex;
}
上述1.2.4三个部分即可组成完整的newDex的该区域。完成了stringData区域的patch算法。
其他的14种算法的execute代码是相同的(父抽象类),执行的操作类似,都会完成各个部分的patch算法。
当所有的区域都完成恢复后,那么剩下的就是header和mapList了,所以回到所有算法执行完成的地方,即executeAndSaveTo(OutputStream out)的第三部分:
public void executeAndSaveTo(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
/************省略this.stringDataSectionPatchAlg.execute()前的代码*********/
this.stringDataSectionPatchAlg.execute();
/******省略其他算法执行execute()******************/
// Thirdly, write header, mapList. Calculate and write patched dex's sign and checksum.
Dex.Section headerOut = this.patchedDex.openSection(patchedToc.header.off);
patchedToc.writeHeader(headerOut);
Dex.Section mapListOut = this.patchedDex.openSection(patchedToc.mapList.off);
patchedToc.writeMap(mapListOut);
this.patchedDex.writeHashes();
// Finally, write patched dex to file.
this.patchedDex.writeTo(out);
}
可以看到首先是定位到header区域,写header相关数据;定位到map list区域,编写map list相关数据。两者都完成的时候,需要编写header中比较特殊的两个字段:签名和checkSum,因为这两个字段是依赖map list的,所以必须在编写map list后。
这样就完成了完整的dex的生成,最后将内存中的所有数据写到文件中。
上述是完整Dex的生成过程,也是算法的核心所在,所以花了很长时间,下面就是我们生成完整Dex后的加载过程咯,这一部分主要是在这个包下:
TinkerApplication通过反射的方式将实际的app业务隔离,这样可以在热更新的时候修改实际的app内容。
在TinkerApplication中的onBaseContextAttached中会通过反射调用TinkerLoader的tryLoad加载已经合成的dex。
private static final String TINKER_LOADER_METHOD = "tryLoad";
private void loadTinker() {
//disable tinker, not need to install
if (tinkerFlags == TINKER_DISABLE) {
return;
}
tinkerResultIntent = new Intent();
try {
//reflect tinker loader, because loaderClass may be define by user!
Class> tinkerLoadClass = Class.forName(loaderClassName, false, getClassLoader());
Method loadMethod = tinkerLoadClass.getMethod(TINKER_LOADER_METHOD, TinkerApplication.class);
Constructor> constructor = tinkerLoadClass.getConstructor();
tinkerResultIntent = (Intent) loadMethod.invoke(constructor.newInstance(), this);
} catch (Throwable e) {
//has exception, put exception error code
ShareIntentUtil.setIntentReturnCode(tinkerResultIntent, ShareConstants.ERROR_LOAD_PATCH_UNKNOWN_EXCEPTION);
tinkerResultIntent.putExtra(INTENT_PATCH_EXCEPTION, e);
}
}
下面是反射调用的TinkerLoader中的tryLoad方法:
@Override
public Intent tryLoad(TinkerApplication app) {
Intent resultIntent = new Intent();
long begin = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
tryLoadPatchFilesInternal(app, resultIntent);
long cost = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - begin;
ShareIntentUtil.setIntentPatchCostTime(resultIntent, cost);
return resultIntent;
}
其中tryLoadPatchFilesInternal是加载Patch文件的核心函数(代码比较多,大家看注释应该就可以明白每段是做什么的了):
private void tryLoadPatchFilesInternal(TinkerApplication app, Intent resultIntent) {
final int tinkerFlag = app.getTinkerFlags();
if (!ShareTinkerInternals.isTinkerEnabled(tinkerFlag)) {
//tinkerFlag是否开启,否则不加载
Log.w(TAG, "tryLoadPatchFiles: tinker is disable, just return");
ShareIntentUtil.setIntentReturnCode(resultIntent, ShareConstants.ERROR_LOAD_DISABLE);
return;
}
//tinker
File patchDirectoryFile = SharePatchFileUtil.getPatchDirectory(app);
if (patchDirectoryFile == null) {
//tinker目录是否生成,没有则表示没有生成全量的dex,不需要重新加载
Log.w(TAG, "tryLoadPatchFiles:getPatchDirectory == null");
//treat as not exist
ShareIntentUtil.setIntentReturnCode(resultIntent, ShareConstants.ERROR_LOAD_PATCH_DIRECTORY_NOT_EXIST);
return;
}
//tinker/patch.info
File patchInfoFile = SharePatchFileUtil.getPatchInfoFile(patchDirectoryPath);
//check patch info file whether exist
if (!patchInfoFile.exists()) {
//tinker/patch.info是否存在,否则不加载
Log.w(TAG, "tryLoadPatchFiles:patch info not exist:" + patchInfoFile.getAbsolutePath());
ShareIntentUtil.setIntentReturnCode(resultIntent, ShareConstants.ERROR_LOAD_PATCH_INFO_NOT_EXIST);
return;
}
//old = 641e634c5b8f1649c75caf73794acbdf
//new = 2c150d8560334966952678930ba67fa8
File patchInfoLockFile = SharePatchFileUtil.getPatchInfoLockFile(patchDirectoryPath);
patchInfo = SharePatchInfo.readAndCheckPropertyWithLock(patchInfoFile, patchInfoLockFile);
if (patchInfo == null) {
//读取patch.info,读取失败则不加载
ShareIntentUtil.setIntentReturnCode(resultIntent, ShareConstants.ERROR_LOAD_PATCH_INFO_CORRUPTED);
return;
}
String oldVersion = patchInfo.oldVersion;
String newVersion = patchInfo.newVersion;
String oatDex = patchInfo.oatDir;
if (oldVersion == null || newVersion == null || oatDex == null) {
//判断版本号是否为空,为空则不加载
//it is nice to clean patch
Log.w(TAG, "tryLoadPatchFiles:onPatchInfoCorrupted");
ShareIntentUtil.setIntentReturnCode(resultIntent, ShareConstants.ERROR_LOAD_PATCH_INFO_CORRUPTED);
return;
}
resultIntent.putExtra(ShareIntentUtil.INTENT_PATCH_OLD_VERSION, oldVersion);
resultIntent.putExtra(ShareIntentUtil.INTENT_PATCH_NEW_VERSION, newVersion);
//tinker/patch.info/patch-641e634c
String patchVersionDirectory = patchDirectoryPath + "/" + patchName;
File patchVersionDirectoryFile = new File(patchVersionDirectory);
if (!patchVersionDirectoryFile.exists()) {
//判断patch version directory(//tinker/patch.info/patch-641e634c)是否存在
ShareIntentUtil.setIntentReturnCode(resultIntent, ShareConstants.ERROR_LOAD_PATCH_VERSION_DIRECTORY_NOT_EXIST);
return;
}
//tinker/patch.info/patch-641e634c/patch-641e634c.apk
File patchVersionFile = new File(patchVersionDirectoryFile.getAbsolutePath(), SharePatchFileUtil.getPatchVersionFile(version));
if (!SharePatchFileUtil.isLegalFile(patchVersionFile)) {
//判断patchVersionDirectoryFile(//tinker/patch.info/patch-641e634c/patch-641e634c.apk)是否存在
Log.w(TAG, "tryLoadPatchFiles:onPatchVersionFileNotFound");
//we may delete patch info file
ShareIntentUtil.setIntentReturnCode(resultIntent, ShareConstants.ERROR_LOAD_PATCH_VERSION_FILE_NOT_EXIST);
return;
}
ShareSecurityCheck securityCheck = new ShareSecurityCheck(app);
int returnCode = ShareTinkerInternals.checkTinkerPackage(app, tinkerFlag, patchVersionFile, securityCheck);
if (returnCode != ShareConstants.ERROR_PACKAGE_CHECK_OK) {
//checkTinkerPackage,(如tinkerId和oldTinkerId不能相等,否则不加载)
Log.w(TAG, "tryLoadPatchFiles:checkTinkerPackage");
resultIntent.putExtra(ShareIntentUtil.INTENT_PATCH_PACKAGE_PATCH_CHECK, returnCode);
ShareIntentUtil.setIntentReturnCode(resultIntent, ShareConstants.ERROR_LOAD_PATCH_PACKAGE_CHECK_FAIL);
return;
}
if (isEnabledForDex) {
//tinker/patch.info/patch-641e634c/dex
boolean dexCheck = TinkerDexLoader.checkComplete(patchVersionDirectory, securityCheck, oatDex, resultIntent);
if (!dexCheck) {
//检测dex的完整性,包括dex是否全部生产,是否对dex做了优化,优化后的文件是否存在(//tinker/patch.info/patch-641e634c/dex)
//file not found, do not load patch
Log.w(TAG, "tryLoadPatchFiles:dex check fail");
return;
}
}
/****省略对so res文件进行完整性检测***************/
final boolean isEnabledForNativeLib = ShareTinkerInternals.isTinkerEnabledForNativeLib(tinkerFlag);
/***************************************/
//now we can load patch jar
if (isEnabledForDex) {
/********************划重点---TinkerDexLoader.loadTinkerJars********************/
boolean loadTinkerJars = TinkerDexLoader.loadTinkerJars(app, patchVersionDirectory, oatDex, resultIntent, isSystemOTA);
if (isSystemOTA) {
// update fingerprint after load success
patchInfo.fingerPrint = Build.FINGERPRINT;
patchInfo.oatDir = loadTinkerJars ? ShareConstants.INTERPRET_DEX_OPTIMIZE_PATH : ShareConstants.DEFAULT_DEX_OPTIMIZE_PATH;
// reset to false
oatModeChanged = false;
if (!SharePatchInfo.rewritePatchInfoFileWithLock(patchInfoFile, patchInfo, patchInfoLockFile)) {
ShareIntentUtil.setIntentReturnCode(resultIntent, ShareConstants.ERROR_LOAD_PATCH_REWRITE_PATCH_INFO_FAIL);
Log.w(TAG, "tryLoadPatchFiles:onReWritePatchInfoCorrupted");
return;
}
// update oat dir
resultIntent.putExtra(ShareIntentUtil.INTENT_PATCH_OAT_DIR, patchInfo.oatDir);
}
if (!loadTinkerJars) {
Log.w(TAG, "tryLoadPatchFiles:onPatchLoadDexesFail");
return;
}
}
return;
}
其中TinkerDexLoader.loadTinkerJars是用来处理加载dex文件。
public static boolean loadTinkerJars(final TinkerApplication application, String directory, String oatDir, Intent intentResult, boolean isSystemOTA) {
/*****省略部分代码****************/
PathClassLoader classLoader = (PathClassLoader) TinkerDexLoader.class.getClassLoader();
/***********省略N行代码,主要是生成一些合法文件列表,对dex文件进行优化**************/
// 加载Dex
SystemClassLoaderAdder.installDexes(application, classLoader, optimizeDir, legalFiles);
}
然后 SystemClassLoaderAdder.installDexes 根据安卓的版本对dex进行安装啦:
@SuppressLint("NewApi")
public static void installDexes(Application application, PathClassLoader loader, File dexOptDir, List files)
throws Throwable {
Log.i(TAG, "installDexes dexOptDir: " + dexOptDir.getAbsolutePath() + ", dex size:" + files.size());
if (!files.isEmpty()) {
files = createSortedAdditionalPathEntries(files);
ClassLoader classLoader = loader;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24 && !checkIsProtectedApp(files)) {
classLoader = AndroidNClassLoader.inject(loader, application);
}
//because in dalvik, if inner class is not the same classloader with it wrapper class.
//it won't fail at dex2opt
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
V23.install(classLoader, files, dexOptDir);
} else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
V19.install(classLoader, files, dexOptDir);
} else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 14) {
V14.install(classLoader, files, dexOptDir);
} else {
V4.install(classLoader, files, dexOptDir);
}
//install done
sPatchDexCount = files.size();
Log.i(TAG, "after loaded classloader: " + classLoader + ", dex size:" + sPatchDexCount);
if (!checkDexInstall(classLoader)) {
//reset patch dex
SystemClassLoaderAdder.uninstallPatchDex(classLoader);
throw new TinkerRuntimeException(ShareConstants.CHECK_DEX_INSTALL_FAIL);
}
}
}
前面我们讲加载类一般使用的是PathClassLoader和DexClassLoader,而PathClassLoader作为系统类和应用类的加载器。DexClassLoader 用来从.jar和.apk类型的文件内部加载classes.dex文件。
而install是怎么做的呢:
/**
*Installer for platform versions 23.
*/
private static final class V23 {
private static void install(ClassLoader loader, List additionalClassPathEntries,
File optimizedDirectory)
throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException,
NoSuchFieldException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException, IOException {
/* The patched class loader is expected to be a descendant of
*dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader. We modify its
*dalvik.system.DexPathList pathList field to append additional DEX
*file entries.
*/
Field pathListField = ShareReflectUtil.findField(loader, "pathList");
Object dexPathList = pathListField.get(loader);
ArrayList suppressedExceptions = new ArrayList();
ShareReflectUtil.expandFieldArray(dexPathList, "dexElements", makePathElements(dexPathList,
new ArrayList(additionalClassPathEntries), optimizedDirectory,
suppressedExceptions));
if (suppressedExceptions.size() > 0) {
for (IOException e : suppressedExceptions) {
Log.w(TAG, "Exception in makePathElement", e);
throw e;
}
}
}
/*************省略makePathElements方法***************/
}
先获取BaseDexClassLoader的dexPathList对象,然后通过dexPathList的makeDexElements方法将我们要安装的dex转化成Element[]对象,最后将其和dexPathList的dexElements对象进行合并,就是新的Element[]对象,因为我们添加的dex都被放在dexElements数组的最前面,所以当通过findClass来查找这个类时,就是使用的我们最新的dex里面的类。不同版本里面的DexPathList等类的函数和字段都有一些变化,其他类似。
到此为止,dex的整个加载过程就结束了!
其他使用Tinker进行更新的,如so库的更新、library的更新大家可以在源码中按照上面的dex加载过程看到。
好了,上面我们也说了几种热更新的方案了,其他的热更新方案大家可以去搜索了解。
上面阿里给出了AndFix和HotFix以及Sophix的对比,现在我们就对时下的几种热更新方案进行对比,看看到底哪种好:
从对比中我们也能发现Sophix和Tinker作为两大巨头的最新热更新方案,都是比较厉害的,大家如果有需要的话可以去尝试下。
因为时间关系,实现自己的热更新方案还没有写完,暂时不放出来了,等我写完了会放上链接的。