Verilog代码优化之case语句

Verilog代码优化之case语句

       题记:那天做完13路脉冲计数并写入dual RAM模块的设计后组长看了我的资源占用,吃惊的说怎么占用资源这么少啊,以为我偷工减料了。呵呵,其实这个也是一直困扰初学者的一个课题,可综合的verilog是一个,最优化的代码也是一个,所以就想说说这方面的问题,算是自己攒的一点经验分享吧,可能会有所欠缺或者说的不太对,还望EDN的各路高手指点。那就先从case语句和if…else语句开始吧。

 

代码一:

module test_3(clk,rst_n,data,add);

 

input clk;

input rst_n;

input[3:0] data;

output[2:0] add;

 

reg[2:0] add;

 

always @ (posedge clk) begin

       if(!rst_n) begin

              add <= 0;

              end

       else begin

              case(data)

              0,1,2,3:   add <= 1;

              4,5,6,7:   add <= 2;

              8,9,10,11:       add <= 3;

              12,13,14,15: add <= 4;

              default: ;

              endcase

              end

end

 

endmodule

资源占用情况:

Design Statistics

# IOs                              : 9

 

Macro Statistics :

# RAM                              : 1

#      16x3-bit single-port block RAM: 1

 

Cell Usage :

# BELS                             : 3

#      GND                         : 1

#      INV                         : 1

#      VCC                         : 1

# RAMS                             : 1

#      RAMB16_S36                  : 1

# Clock Buffers                    : 1

#      BUFGP                       : 1

# IO Buffers                       : 8

#      IBUF                        : 5

#      OBUF                        : 3

 

Selected Device : 3s50pq208-5

 

 Number of bonded IOBs:                  9  out of    124     7% 

 Number of BRAMs:                        1  out of      4    25% 

 Number of GCLKs:                        1  out of      8    12%

 

 

代码二:

module test_3(clk,rst_n,data,add);

 

input clk;

input rst_n;

input[3:0] data;

output[2:0] add;

 

reg[2:0] add;

 

always @ (posedge clk) begin

       if(!rst_n) begin

              add <= 0;

              end

       else begin

              casex(data)

              4'b00xx:  add <= 1;

              4'b01xx:  add <= 2;

              4'b10xx:  add <= 3;

              4'b11xx:  add <= 4;

              default: ;

              endcase

              end

end

 

endmodule

资源占用情况:

Design Statistics

# IOs                              : 9

 

Macro Statistics :

# Registers                        : 1

#      3-bit register              : 1

 

Cell Usage :

# BELS                             : 4

#      INV                         : 2

#      LUT2                        : 2

# FlipFlops/Latches                : 3

#      FDR                         : 3

# Clock Buffers                    : 1

#      BUFGP                       : 1

# IO Buffers                       : 6

#      IBUF                        : 3

#      OBUF                        : 3

 

Selected Device : 3s50pq208-5

 

 Number of Slices:                       2  out of    768     0% 

 Number of Slice Flip Flops:             3  out of   1536     0% 

 Number of 4 input LUTs:                 2  out of   1536     0% 

 Number of bonded IOBs:                  9  out of    124     7% 

 Number of GCLKs:                        1  out of      8    12%

 

 

代码三:

module test_3(clk,rst_n,data,add);

 

input clk;

input rst_n;

input[3:0] data;

output[2:0] add;

 

reg[2:0] add;

 

always @ (posedge clk) begin

       if(!rst_n) begin

              add <= 0;

              end

       else begin

              if(data<4) add <= 1;

              else if(data<8) add <= 2;

              else if(data<12) add <= 3;

              else add <= 4;

              end

end

 

endmodule

资源占用情况:

Design Statistics

# IOs                              : 9

 

Macro Statistics :

# Registers                        : 3

#      1-bit register              : 3

# Multiplexers                     : 1

#      3-bit 4-to-1 multiplexer    : 1

# Comparators                      : 3

#      4-bit comparator less       : 3

 

Cell Usage :

# BELS                             : 6

#      INV                         : 1

#      LUT2                        : 4

#      LUT3                        : 1

# FlipFlops/Latches                : 3

#      FDR                         : 2

#      FDRS                        : 1

# Clock Buffers                    : 1

#      BUFGP                       : 1

# IO Buffers                       : 6

#      IBUF                        : 3

#      OBUF                        : 3

 

Number of Slices:                       3  out of    768     0% 

 Number of Slice Flip Flops:             3  out of   1536     0% 

 Number of 4 input LUTs:                 5  out of   1536     0% 

 Number of bonded IOBs:                  9  out of    124     7% 

 Number of GCLKs:                        1  out of      8    12% 

 

 

结语:硬件设计和软件编程不同,在C语言里if…else和for循环满天飞,可以说用这两个语句打天下都是不成问题的,但是HDL设计中这是万万不可的。我们先分析上面的结果,从以上的代码综合后的占用资源情况对比,case语句和casex语句是差不多的,一般在设计中如果可以使用casex语句那就优先考虑,其次case语句也是很常用的,至于if…else语句,明眼人一看就知道,比case(x)语句多出的寄存器比较器如果是一个更高级的if…else嵌套那么无非对硬件资源是一个巨大的浪费,至于for语句,这里没有进行对比,虽然在很多的综合工具里这个语句是可综合的,但是因为它在设计中往往不是可以和case或者if…else语句互相代替使用,所以放在后面再讨论。

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