顺序表和链表实现图书管理系统

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顺序表和链表实现图书管理系统

      本次记录的是数据结构课程的实验，实验内容如下：
      图书信息表包括如下常用的基本操作：图书信息表的创建和输出、排序（分别按图书名称、按图书价格排序）、修改、按名查找、最贵图书的查找、新书入库、旧书出库等八项。
      其中，图书信息包括如下6部分：
      ISBN、作者姓名、图书名称、出版社、出版年份、图书价格

---

文章目录

       1. 代码实现
       2. 运行效果
       3. 实验总结

---

1、代码实现

顺序表代码实现

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#define maxsize 50    //图书库存最大数量
//函数结果状态代码
#define OK 1          //正确标志
#define ERROR 0  //错误标志
//函数结果状态代码
typedef int Status;

typedef struct{
    int id; //管理系统中的id
    char isbn[20];    //ISBN
    char authorName[30];    //作者姓名
    char bookName[50];    //图书名称
    char publisher[40];   //出版社
    char publishYear[10];     //出版年份
    float price;   //图书价格
}Book;
//顺序表数据结构
typedef struct{
    Book *elem;   //储存空间的基地址
    int length;   //数据结构的长度
}SqList;
SqList BookSystem;

//初始化顺序表基本算法
Status InitList(SqList *BookSystem){
    //构造一个空的顺序表BookSystem
    BookSystem->elem =  (Book*)malloc(sizeof(Book)*maxsize);   //分配内存空间
    if(!BookSystem->elem)exit(-1);   //存储分配失败
    BookSystem->length = 0;  //当前长度为0
    return OK;
}

//用于测试数据,更易看出实验效果
void insertBook(SqList *BookSystem){
    Book book[] = {{1,"5447395","余小华","《这么玩才赚钱》","人民邮电出版社","2017-01",49.50},
        {2,"4375152","达芙妮","《高情商心理学》","现代出版社","2016-11",20.00},
        {3,"6644188","郝言言","《悦己》","新华出版社","2007-04",25.00},
        {4,"0211267","路瑶","《平凡的世界》","北京文艺出版社","1986-12",30.00},
        {5,"6075642","张汝","《小时候》","海燕出版社","2013-06",33.00},
        {6,"1553645","陈果","《好的爱情》","人民日报出版社","2010-09",28.00}};
    int i = 0;  //循环变量
    for(i;i<6;i++){
        BookSystem->elem[i] = book[i];   //初始化图书
        BookSystem->length++;
    }
}

//8项操作的实现：创建、输出、排序、修改、按名查找、最贵图书的查找、新书入库、旧书出库
int showFunctions(){//显示图书管理系统功能
    printf("%-30s***************欢迎来到图书管理系统***************\n","");
    printf("%-33s1、创建系统\t2、输出图书\t3、图书排序\n%-33s4、图书修改\t5、按名查找\t6、最贵图书\n%-33s7、新书入库\t8、旧书出库\t9、退出系统","","","");
    printf("\n%-33s请选择相关功能操作：","");
    int choice = -1;    //定义用户的选择并初始化
    scanf("%d",&choice);
    printf("%-30s**************************************************\n","");
    return choice;
}

void creatBookSystem(SqList *BookSystem){//第一项功能：创建
    int i = 0;
    /*for(i;i<30;i++){
        printf("*");
    }printf("\n");*/
    printf("%-30s系统：图书管理系统初始化中...\n","");
    //SqList BookSystem;     //定义SqList类型的图书库
    InitList(BookSystem);   //初始化图书管理系统
    insertBook(BookSystem);     //添加一些初始化图书
    printf("%-30s系统：图书管理系统初始化成功!\n","");
}

void showBook(SqList *BookSystem){//第二项功能：输出
    int j = 0;
    for(j;j<115;j++){
        printf("=");
    }
    printf("\n");
    printf("    -id-   ---ISBN---    --作者姓名--     ---图书名称---       -----出版社-----       -出版年份-     -图书价格-\n");
    if(BookSystem->length == 0){
        printf("%-30s系统：当前图书系统内无图书!","");
    }
    int i = 0;
    for(i;i<BookSystem->length;i++){
        Book book = BookSystem->elem[i];
        printf("%-5s%-8d","",book.id);
        printf("%-15s",book.isbn);
        printf("%-13s",book.authorName);
        printf("%-23s",book.bookName);
        printf("%-24s",book.publisher);
        printf("%-14s",book.publishYear);
        printf("%.3f\n",book.price);
    }
    for(j=0;j<115;j++){
        printf("=");
    }
    printf("\n");
}

void sortBook(SqList *BookSystem){//第三项功能：排序
    int i = 0;int j = 0;int max_Index = -1;int choice = -1;Book temp;
    printf("%-33s1、按名称排序\t2、按价格排序\t请选择：","");
    scanf("%d",&choice);
    if(choice==1){
        for(i;i<BookSystem->length-1;i++){
            max_Index = i;
            for(j=i+1;j<BookSystem->length;j++){
                if(strcmp(BookSystem->elem[max_Index].bookName,BookSystem->elem[j].bookName)>0){
                    max_Index=j;
                }
            }
            temp = BookSystem->elem[i];
            BookSystem->elem[i] = BookSystem->elem[max_Index];
            BookSystem->elem[max_Index] = temp;
        }
    }
    if(choice==2){
        for(i;i<BookSystem->length-1;i++){
            max_Index = i;
            for(j=i+1;j<BookSystem->length;j++){
                if(BookSystem->elem[max_Index].price<BookSystem->elem[j].price){
                    max_Index=j;
                }
            }
            temp = BookSystem->elem[i];
            BookSystem->elem[i] = BookSystem->elem[max_Index];
            BookSystem->elem[max_Index] = temp;
        }
    }
    printf("%-30s系统：排序完毕!\n","");
    i = 0;
    for(i=0;i<BookSystem->length;i++){
        BookSystem->elem[i].id = i+1;
    }
}

void updateBook(SqList *BookSystem){//第四项功能：修改
    printf("%-30s系统：请输入您要修改的书籍名称或id：","");
    char ch[50];
    scanf("%s",&ch);
    int id = atoi(ch);int i = 0;
    if(id==0){
        for(i;i<BookSystem->length;i++){
            if(strcmp(ch,BookSystem->elem[i].bookName)==0){
                printf("%-30s系统：","");
                Book book = BookSystem->elem[i];
                printf("(%s-%s-%s-%s-[%s]-%.3f)\n",book.isbn,book.authorName,
                       book.bookName,book.publisher,book.publishYear,book.price);
                printf("%-30s修改格式：(ISBN 作者姓名 图书名称 出版社 出版年份 图书价格)\n%-30s请输入：","","");
                scanf("%s %s %s %s %s %f",&BookSystem->elem[i].isbn,&BookSystem->elem[i].authorName,&BookSystem->elem[i].bookName,
                      &BookSystem->elem[i].publisher,&BookSystem->elem[i].publishYear,&BookSystem->elem[i].price);
                printf("%-30s系统：修改成功!\n","");
                break;
            }
        }
    }else{
        for(i;i<BookSystem->length;i++){
            if(BookSystem->elem[i].id == id){
                printf("%-30s系统：","");
                Book book = BookSystem->elem[i];
                printf("(%s-%s-%s-%s-[%s]-%.3f)\n",book.isbn,book.authorName,
                       book.bookName,book.publisher,book.publishYear,book.price);
                printf("%-30s修改格式：(ISBN 作者姓名 图书名称 出版社 出版年份 图书价格)\n%-30s请输入：","","");
                scanf("%s %s %s %s %s %f",&BookSystem->elem[i].isbn,&BookSystem->elem[i].authorName,&BookSystem->elem[i].bookName,
                      &BookSystem->elem[i].publisher,&BookSystem->elem[i].publishYear,&BookSystem->elem[i].price);
                printf("%-30s系统：修改成功!\n","");
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

void findByName(SqList *BookSystem){//第五项功能：按名查找
    printf("%-30s系统：请输入您要查找的书籍名称：","");
    char ch[50];
    scanf("%s",&ch);
    int i = 0;
    for(i;i<BookSystem->length;i++){
        if(strcmp(ch,BookSystem->elem[i].bookName)==0){
            printf("%-30s系统：","");
            Book book = BookSystem->elem[i];
            printf("(%s-%s-%s-%s-[%s]-%.3f)\n",book.isbn,book.authorName,
                       book.bookName,book.publisher,book.publishYear,book.price);
            break;
        }else if(i==BookSystem->length-1&&strcmp(ch,BookSystem->elem[i].bookName)!=0){
            printf("%-30s系统：查无此书!\n","");
        }
    }
}

void findByExpensive(SqList *BookSystem){//第六项：最贵图书查找
    int j = 0;int max_Index = 0;
        for(j=max_Index+1;j<BookSystem->length;j++){
            if(BookSystem->elem[max_Index].price<BookSystem->elem[j].price){
                max_Index=j;
            }
        }
    printf("%-30s系统：","");
    Book book = BookSystem->elem[max_Index];
    printf("(%s-%s-%s-%s-[%s]-%.3f)\n",book.isbn,book.authorName,
                       book.bookName,book.publisher,book.publishYear,book.price);
}

void addBook(SqList *BookSystem){//第七项：新书入库
    if(BookSystem->length==maxsize){
        printf("%-30s系统：库存已满!","");
    }
    else{
        printf("%-30s添加格式：(ISBN 作者姓名 图书名称 出版社 出版年份 图书价格)\n%-30s请输入：","","");
        int index = ++BookSystem->length;
        Book newBook;
        scanf("%s %s %s %s %s %f",&newBook.isbn,&newBook.authorName,
                  &newBook.bookName,&newBook.publisher,
                  &newBook.publishYear,&newBook.price);
        newBook.id = index;
        BookSystem->elem[index-1] = newBook;
        //9787115447395 黄鹏飞 《代码是如何敲成的》 人民出版社 2019-10 33->00  用于测试
        printf("%-30s系统：入库成功!\n","");
    }
}

void outBook(SqList *BookSystem){//第八项：旧书出库
    printf("%-30s系统：请输入要出库的书籍名称或id：","");
    char ch[50];
    scanf("%s",&ch);
    int id = atoi(ch);int i = 0;
    if(id==0){
        for(i;i<BookSystem->length;i++){
            if(strcmp(ch,BookSystem->elem[i].bookName)==0){
                int j = i;
                for(j=i;j<BookSystem->length-1;j++){
                    BookSystem->elem[j] = BookSystem->elem[j+1];
                }
                BookSystem->length--;
                printf("%-30s系统：出库成功!\n","");
                break;
            }else if(i==BookSystem->length-1&&strcmp(ch,BookSystem->elem[i].bookName)!=0){
                printf("%-30s系统：查无此书!\n","");
            }
        }
    }else{
        for(i;i<BookSystem->length;i++){
            if(BookSystem->elem[i].id==id){
                int j = i;
                for(j=i;j<BookSystem->length-1;j++){
                    BookSystem->elem[j] = BookSystem->elem[j+1];
                }
                BookSystem->length--;
                printf("%-30s系统：出库成功!\n","");
                break;
            }else if(i==BookSystem->length-1&&strcmp(ch,BookSystem->elem[i].bookName)!=0){
                printf("%-30s系统：查无此书!\n","");
            }
        }
    }
    for(i=0;i<BookSystem->length;i++){
        BookSystem->elem[i].id = (i+1);
    }
}

int main()
{
    bool isCreated = false;
    while(true){
        int choice = showFunctions();   //调用函数取得用户选择的功能
        if(choice == 1){
            creatBookSystem(&BookSystem);
            isCreated = true;
            continue;
        }
        if(choice == 2&&isCreated){
            system("cls");
            showBook(&BookSystem);
            continue;
        }
        if(choice==3&&isCreated){
            sortBook(&BookSystem);
            continue;
        }
        if(choice==4&&isCreated){
            updateBook(&BookSystem);
            continue;
        }
        if(choice==5&&isCreated){
            findByName(&BookSystem);
            continue;
        }
        if(choice==6&&isCreated){
            findByExpensive(&BookSystem);
            continue;
        }
        if(choice==7&&isCreated){
            addBook(&BookSystem);
            continue;
        }
        if(choice==8&&isCreated){
            outBook(&BookSystem);
            continue;
        }
        if(choice==9){
            printf("%-30s系统：欢迎下次使用!\n\n\n","");
            break;
        }
        if(choice>9||choice<1){
            printf("%-30s系统：请输入正确选项!\n","");
            continue;
        }
        printf("%-30s系统：您还未创建图书管理系统!\n","");
    }
    return 0;
}

链表代码实现

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

//函数结果状态代码
#define OK 1          //正确标志
#define ERROR 0  //错误标志
//函数结果状态代码
typedef int Status;

typedef struct{
    int id; //管理系统中的id
    char isbn[20];    //ISBN
    char authorName[30];    //作者姓名
    char bookName[50];    //图书名称
    char publisher[40];   //出版社
    char publishYear[10];     //出版年份
    float price;   //图书价格
}Book;
//顺序表数据结构
typedef struct LNode{
    Book book;   //当前节点中的Book结构体
    struct LNode *next;   //next指向下一个LNode
}LNode,*LinkList;
LinkList BookSystem;

//8项操作的实现：创建、输出、排序、修改、按名查找、最贵图书的查找、新书入库、旧书出库
int showFunctions(){//显示图书管理系统功能
    printf("%-30s***************欢迎来到图书管理系统***************\n","");
    printf("%-33s1、创建系统\t2、输出图书\t3、图书排序\n%-33s4、图书修改\t5、按名查找\t6、最贵图书\n%-33s7、新书入库\t8、旧书出库\t9、退出系统","","","");
    printf("\n%-33s请选择相关功能操作：","");
    int choice = -1;    //定义用户的选择并初始化
    scanf("%d",&choice);
    printf("%-30s**************************************************\n","");
    return choice;
}

void creatBookSystem(){//第一项功能：创建
    BookSystem = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(LNode));
    BookSystem->next = NULL;
    int i = 0; //初始给6个节点
    Book book[] = {{1,"5447395","余小华","《这么玩才赚钱》","人民邮电出版社","2017-01",49.50},
        {2,"4375152","达芙妮","《高情商心理学》","现代出版社","2016-11",20.00},
        {3,"6644188","郝言言","《悦己》","新华出版社","2007-04",25.00},
        {4,"0211267","路瑶","《平凡的世界》","北京文艺出版社","1986-12",30.00},
        {5,"6075642","张汝","《小时候》","海燕出版社","2013-06",33.00},
        {6,"1553645","陈果","《好的爱情》","人民日报出版社","2010-09",28.00}};
    for(i;i<6;i++){
        LNode *node = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(LNode));  //生成新节点
        node->book = book[5-i];
        node->next = BookSystem->next;
        BookSystem->next = node;
    }
    printf("%-30s系统：图书管理系统初始化成功!\n","");
}

void showBook(){//第二项功能：输出
    int j = 0;LNode *temp = BookSystem->next;
    for(j;j<115;j++){
        printf("=");
    }
    printf("\n");
    printf("    -id-   ---ISBN---    --作者姓名--     ---图书名称---       -----出版社-----       -出版年份-     -图书价格-\n");
    if(temp == 0){
        printf("%-30s系统：当前图书系统内无图书!","");
    }else{
        while(temp){
            Book book = temp->book;
            printf("%-5s%-8d","",book.id);
            printf("%-15s",book.isbn);
            printf("%-13s",book.authorName);
            printf("%-23s",book.bookName);
            printf("%-24s",book.publisher);
            printf("%-14s",book.publishYear);
            printf("%.3f\n",book.price);
            temp = temp->next;
        }
    }
    int i = 0;
    for(j=0;j<115;j++){
        printf("=");
    }
    printf("\n");
}

void sortBook(){//第三项功能：排序
    int choice = -1;bool isCompared = false;
    printf("%-33s1、按名称排序\t2、按价格排序\t请选择：","");
    scanf("%d",&choice);
    if(choice==1){
        LNode *node = BookSystem->next;     //循环体条件
        LNode *temp;     //临时变量
        Book maxBook;   //比较的书
        LNode *temp_book = node;   //临时变量
        while(node->next){
            maxBook = node->book;
            temp_book = node;
            while(temp_book){
                if(strcmp(maxBook.bookName,temp_book->book.bookName)>0){
                    maxBook = temp_book->book;
                    temp = temp_book;
                    isCompared = true;
                }
                temp_book = temp_book->next;
            }
            if(isCompared){
                temp->book = node->book;
                node->book = maxBook;
                isCompared = false;     //*突破点
            }
                node = node->next;
        }
    }
    if(choice==2){
        LNode *node = BookSystem->next;     //循环体条件
        LNode *temp = BookSystem->next;     //临时变量
        Book maxBook;   //比较的书
        LNode *temp_book;   //临时变量
        while(node->next){
            maxBook = node->book;
            temp_book = node;
            while(temp_book){
                if(maxBook.price<temp_book->book.price){
                    maxBook = temp_book->book;
                    temp = temp_book;
                    isCompared = true;
                }
                temp_book = temp_book->next;
            }
            if(isCompared){
                temp->book = node->book;
                node->book = maxBook;
                isCompared = false;
            }
                node = node->next;
        }
    }
    printf("%-30s系统：排序完毕!\n","");
    int i = 0;
    LNode *node = BookSystem->next;
    while(node){
        node->book.id = ++i;
        node = node->next;
    }
}

void updateBook(){//第四项功能：修改
    printf("%-30s系统：请输入您要修改的书籍名称或id：","");
    char ch[50];
    scanf("%s",&ch);
    int id = atoi(ch);int i = 0;
    LNode *p = BookSystem->next;
    if(id==0){
        while(p){
            if(strcmp(ch,p->book.bookName)==0){
                printf("%-30s系统：","");
                Book book = p->book;
                printf("(%s-%s-%s-%s-[%s]-%.3f)\n",book.isbn,book.authorName,
                       book.bookName,book.publisher,book.publishYear,book.price);
                printf("%-30s修改格式：(ISBN 作者姓名 图书名称 出版社 出版年份 图书价格)\n%-30s请输入：","","");
                scanf("%s %s %s %s %s %f",&p->book.isbn,&p->book.authorName,&p->book.bookName,
                      &p->book.publisher,&p->book.publishYear,&p->book.price);
                printf("%-30s系统：修改成功!\n","");
                break;
            }
            p=p->next;
        }
    }else{
        while(p){
            if(p->book.id == id){
                printf("%-30s系统：","");
                Book book = p->book;
                printf("(%s-%s-%s-%s-[%s]-%.3f)\n",book.isbn,book.authorName,
                       book.bookName,book.publisher,book.publishYear,book.price);
                printf("%-30s修改格式：(ISBN 作者姓名 图书名称 出版社 出版年份 图书价格)\n%-30s请输入：","","");
                scanf("%s %s %s %s %s %f",&p->book.isbn,&p->book.authorName,&p->book.bookName,
                      &p->book.publisher,&p->book.publishYear,&p->book.price);
                printf("%-30s系统：修改成功!\n","");
                break;
            }
            p=p->next;
        }
    }
}

void findByName(){//第五项功能：按名查找
    printf("%-30s系统：请输入您要查找的书籍名称：","");
    char ch[50];
    scanf("%s",&ch);
    int i = 0;
    LNode *p = BookSystem->next;
    while(p){
        if(strcmp(ch,p->book.bookName)==0){
            printf("%-30s系统：","");
            Book book = p->book;
            printf("(%s-%s-%s-%s-[%s]-%.3f)\n",book.isbn,book.authorName,
                       book.bookName,book.publisher,book.publishYear,book.price);
            break;
        }
        p=p->next;
    }
}

void findByExpensive(){//第六项：最贵图书查找
    LNode *node = BookSystem->next;     //循环体条件
    Book maxBook;   //比较的书
    LNode *temp_book;   //临时变量
    while(node->next){
        maxBook = node->book;
        temp_book = node->next;
        while(temp_book->next){
            if(maxBook.price<temp_book->book.price){
                maxBook = temp_book->book;
            }
            temp_book = temp_book->next;
        }
        break;
    }
    printf("%-30s系统：","");
    Book book = maxBook;
   printf("(%s-%s-%s-%s-[%s]-%.3f)\n",book.isbn,book.authorName,
                       book.bookName,book.publisher,book.publishYear,book.price);
}

void addBook(){//第七项：新书入库
    LNode *p = BookSystem->next;
    LNode *book = (LinkList)malloc(sizeof(LNode));
    int index = 0;
    while(p->next){
        index++;
        p = p->next;
    }
    printf("%-30s添加格式：(ISBN 作者姓名 图书名称 出版社 出版年份 图书价格)\n%-30s请输入：","","");
    Book newBook;
    scanf("%s %s %s %s %s %f",&newBook.isbn,&newBook.authorName,
              &newBook.bookName,&newBook.publisher,
              &newBook.publishYear,&newBook.price);
    newBook.id = index;
    book->book = newBook;
    p->next = book;
    book->next = 0;
    printf("%-30s系统：入库成功!\n","");
}

void outBook(){//第八项：旧书出库
    printf("%-30s系统：请输入您要修改的书籍名称或id：","");
    char ch[50];
    scanf("%s",&ch);
    int id = atoi(ch);
    LNode *p = BookSystem->next;
    LNode *book = BookSystem;
    if(id==0){
        while(p){
            if(strcmp(ch,p->book.bookName)==0){
                book->next = p->next;
                p->next = 0;
                printf("%-30s系统：出库成功!\n","");
                break;
            }else if(strcmp(ch,p->book.bookName)!=0&&!p->next){
                printf("%-30s系统：查无此书!\n","");
            }
            book=book->next;
            p=p->next;
        }
    }else{
        while(p){
            if(id==p->book.id){
                book->next = p->next;
                p->next = 0;
                printf("%-30s系统：出库成功!\n","");
                break;
            }else if(strcmp(ch,p->book.bookName)!=0&&!p->next){
                printf("%-30s系统：查无此书!\n","");
            }
            book=book->next;
            p=p->next;
        }
    }
    int i = 0;
    LNode *node = BookSystem->next;
    while(node){
        node->book.id = ++i;
        node = node->next;
    }
}

int main()
{
    bool isCreated = false;
    while(true){
        int choice = showFunctions();   //调用函数取得用户选择的功能
        if(choice == 1){
            creatBookSystem();
            isCreated = true;
            continue;
        }
        if(choice == 2&&isCreated){
            system("cls");
            showBook();
            continue;
        }
        if(choice==3&&isCreated){
            sortBook();
            continue;
        }
        if(choice==4&&isCreated){
            updateBook();
            continue;
        }
        if(choice==5&&isCreated){
            findByName();
            continue;
        }
        if(choice==6&&isCreated){
            findByExpensive();
            continue;
        }
        if(choice==7&&isCreated){
            addBook();
            continue;
        }
        if(choice==8&&isCreated){
            outBook();
            continue;
        }
        if(choice==9){
            printf("%-30s系统：欢迎下次使用!\n\n\n","");
            break;
        }
        if(choice>9||choice<1){
            printf("%-30s系统：请输入正确选项!\n","");
            continue;
        }
        printf("%-30s系统：您还未创建图书管理系统!\n","");
    }
    return 0;
}

---

2、运行效果

具体运行效果请看视频：项目演示视频

---

3、实验总结

1. 因为C语言是大一上学期学的，我也没有去学顺序表和链表。到了下学期直到现在我都是学Java方面的知识，所以对顺序表和链表的不是很熟练，所以上面写的代码也许会有漏洞或者不好的地方请见谅！
2. 做了这次实验，我感觉到链表确实比顺序表要麻烦，有的时候指针指向的问题搞了好久才解决，但是自己解决了之后加强了印象并且对链表的了解更深了。
3. 该文章主要是记录一下这次实验，同时能给需要的人帮助是再好不过的事了，但我希望有需要的同学不是粘贴复制而是自己动手实践，我写的也只是一个参考。

            最后：如果有问题的话欢迎交流！有帮助的话别忘了支持一下哦！