最完整的获取android手机图片并显示到控件的解决方案

手机上的本地图片资源分为两种,一种是从本地相册获取,一种是从本地相机拍照获取。

1、获取图片很简单,调用系统提供的Intent对象,启动本地相册和照相机功能。

代码如下:

 //开始拍照
    private void startCamera() {
        try{
            Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
            if(intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null){
                imageUri = setFileURI();//给即将拍照获取的照片命名,并返回它的uri
                intent.setAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,imageUri);
                startActivityForResult(intent,CAMERA_REQUEST);
            }

        }catch (ActivityNotFoundException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
//给图片统一定义一个存放位置
    private Uri setFileURI(){
        //创建照片的存储目录
        PHOTO_DIR.mkdirs();
        String fileName = getFileName();
        //给照片命名
        File file = new File(PHOTO_DIR,fileName);
        return Uri.fromFile(file);
    }
//用当前时间作为拍照得到的照片的名字
    protected String getFileName(){
        Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("'img'_yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", Locale.CHINA);
        return sdf.format(date)+".jpg";
    }

 //从相册获取图片
    private void getPhotoFromAlbum() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
        intent.setType("image/*");
        startActivityForResult(intent,PHOTOALBUM_REQUEST);
    }

2、获取图片的路径。

对于拍照获取的图片,我们前面已经把图片的uri放到imgeUri里了,直接取出即可使用。

对于从本地相册取回的图片,可以从OnActivityResult方法中的Intent data中取回图片Uri

imageUri = data.getData()。

下面就是获取图片的路径了。

int sdkVersion = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT;
if(sdkVersion >= 19){//android 5.0以上直接返回的是图片的路径
   path = getPath_above19(this,imgUri);//或者直接使用path = imgUri.getPath();
  }else{
    path = getPath_below19(imgUri);
  }
 /**
     * API19以下获取图片路径的方法
     * @param uri
     */
    private String getFilePath_below19(Uri uri) {
        //这里开始的第二部分,获取图片的路径:低版本的是没问题的,但是sdk>19会获取不到
        String[] proj = {MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA};
        //好像是android多媒体数据库的封装接口,具体的看Android文档
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, proj, null, null, null);
        //获得用户选择的图片的索引值
        int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA);
        System.out.println("***************" + column_index);
        //将光标移至开头 ,这个很重要,不小心很容易引起越界
        cursor.moveToFirst();
        //最后根据索引值获取图片路径   结果类似:/mnt/sdcard/DCIM/Camera/IMG_20151124_013332.jpg
        String path = cursor.getString(column_index);
        System.out.println("path:" + path);
        return path;
    }
/**
     * APIlevel 19以上才有
     * 创建项目时,我们设置了最低版本API Level,比如我的是10,
     * 因此,AS检查我调用的API后,发现版本号不能向低版本兼容,
     * 比如我用的“DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)”是Level 19 以上才有的,
     * 自然超过了10,所以提示错误。
     * 添加    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)即可。
     *
     * @param context
     * @param uri
     * @return
     */
    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
    public  static String getPath_above19(final Context context, final Uri uri) {
        final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT;
        // DocumentProvider
        if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
            // ExternalStorageProvider
            if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
                final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final String[] split = docId.split(":");
                final String type = split[0];
                if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
                    return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
                }
                // TODO handle non-primary volumes
            }
            // DownloadsProvider
            else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {
                final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(
                        Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));
                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
            }
            // MediaProvider
            else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
                final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final String[] split = docId.split(":");
                final String type = split[0];
                Uri contentUri = null;
                if ("image".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("video".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                }
                final String selection = "_id=?";
                final String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{
                        split[1]
                };
                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
            }
        }
        // MediaStore (and general)
        else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            // Return the remote address
            if (isGooglePhotosUri(uri))
                return uri.getLastPathSegment();
            return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);
        }
        // File
        else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            return uri.getPath();
        }
        return null;
    }
 /**
     * Get the value of the data column for this Uri. This is useful for
     * MediaStore Uris, and other file-based ContentProviders.
     *
     * @param context       The context.
     * @param uri           The Uri to query.
     * @param selection     (Optional) Filter used in the query.
     * @param selectionArgs (Optional) Selection arguments used in the query.
     * @return The value of the _data column, which is typically a file path.
     */
    public static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection,
                                       String[] selectionArgs) {
        Cursor cursor = null;
        final String column = "_data";
        final String[] projection = {column};
        try {
            cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs,
                    null);
            if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                final int index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
                return cursor.getString(index);
            }
        } finally {
            if (cursor != null)
                cursor.close();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is Google Photos.
     */
    public static boolean isGooglePhotosUri(Uri uri) {
        return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

3、处理图片。

从本地获取的图片大小往往不符合我们的要求,我们可以做一些压缩处理。

  /**
     * 压缩图片大小
     * @param path 图片的路径
     * @return
     */
    private Bitmap decodeSampleBitmap(String path) {
        //refundPhoto是将要呈现图片的ImageView控件
        int targetW = refundPhoto.getWidth();
        int targetH = refundPhoto.getHeight();

        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path,options);
        int photoW = options.outWidth;
        int photoH = options.outHeight;
        //获取图片的最大压缩比
        int scaleFactor = Math.max(photoW/targetW,photoH/targetH);
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
        options.inSampleSize = scaleFactor;
        options.inPurgeable = true;
        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path,options);
       return  bitmap;
    }

4、图片显示到ImageView.

Bitmap bm = decodeSampleBitmap(path);
                        refundPhoto.setImageBitmap(bm);



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