如何获取Oracle数据库中某个用户下的所有表、索引、约束、触发器

在Oracle数据库中，如何快速获取某个用户下的所有表、索引、约束及触发器的创建SQL语句呢？本文给出一个简单的示例脚本，经过测试，除位于回收站下的对象及只读视图的约束语句不能获取，其它对象基本均可获取CREATE语句。

脚本内容如下：

[oracle@oracledg ~]$ cat get_ddl.sql 
-- Be sure the variable 'S' means the Schema name,it should be UPPERCASE.
-- And this script COULDNOT get the constraints CREATE DDL,which CONSTRAINT_TYPE is 'O',cause it's READ ONLY on a view.
-- Author Info:Asher Huang
-- http://OracleOnlinux.cn
-- Mail:[email protected]
 
def S='&Schema'
set serveroutput on
set long 20000
set lines 2000 pages 0 ver off echo off head off feed off
set newpage none
set trimspool on
set long 5000000
spool &S..sql 
DECLARE
  CURSOR C1 IS
    SELECT '&S' AS u_name, table_name AS tab_name FROM user_tables;
  CURSOR C2 IS
    SELECT '&S' AS u_name, index_name AS idx_name FROM user_indexes;
  CURSOR C3 IS
    SELECT '&S' AS u_name, constraint_name AS cons_name FROM user_constraints where constraint_type not in('R','O');
  CURSOR C4 IS
    SELECT '&S' AS u_name, table_name AS tab_name FROM user_constraints where constraint_type in('R');
  CURSOR C5 IS
    SELECT '&S' AS u_name, trigger_name AS trig_name FROM user_triggers;
  V_MSG CLOB;
BEGIN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('The CREATE DDL for schema &S''s Tables are:');
  FOR x IN C1 LOOP
      select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE', x.tab_name, x.u_name) INTO V_MSG from dual;
      DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(V_MSG);
  END LOOP;
 
      DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('The CREATE DDL for schema &S''s Indexes are:');
  FOR x IN C2 LOOP
      select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('INDEX', x.idx_name, x.u_name) INTO V_MSG from dual;
      DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(V_MSG);
  END LOOP;
 
      DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('The CREATE DDL for schema &S''s Constraints are:');
  FOR x IN C3 LOOP
      select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('CONSTRAINT', x.cons_name, x.u_name) INTO V_MSG from dual;
      DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(V_MSG);
  END LOOP;
 
      DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('The CREATE DDL for schema &S''s Reference Constraints are:');
  FOR x IN C4 LOOP
      select dbms_metadata.get_dependent_ddl('REF_CONSTRAINT', x.tab_name, x.u_name) INTO V_MSG from dual;
      DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(V_MSG);
  END LOOP;
 
      DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('The CREATE DDL for schema &S''s Triggers are:');
  FOR x IN C5 LOOP
      select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TRIGGER', x.trig_name, x.u_name) INTO V_MSG from dual;
      DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(V_MSG);
  END LOOP;
END;
/
spool off;
[oracle@oracledg ~]$

测试获取SCOTT用户的所有表、索引、约束、触发器创建脚本如下：

[oracle@oracledg ~]$ cat SCOTT.sql 
The CREATE DDL for schema SCOTT's Tables are:
 
  CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT" 
   (    "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0), 
        "DNAME" VARCHAR2(14), 
        "LOC" VARCHAR2(13), 
         CONSTRAINT "PK_DEPT" PRIMARY KEY ("DEPTNO")
  USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS 
  STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
  PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
  TABLESPACE "USERS"  ENABLE
   ) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
  STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
  PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
  TABLESPACE "USERS"
 
 
  CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" 
   (    "EMPNO" NUMBER(4,0), 
        "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10), 
        "JOB" VARCHAR2(9), 
        "MGR" NUMBER(4,0), 
        "HIREDATE" DATE, 
        "SAL" NUMBER(7,2), 
        "COMM" NUMBER(7,2), 
        "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2,0), 
         CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO")
  USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS 
  STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
  PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
  TABLESPACE "USERS"  ENABLE, 
         CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY ("DEPTNO")
          REFERENCES "SCOTT"."DEPT" ("DEPTNO") ENABLE
   ) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
  STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
  PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
  TABLESPACE "USERS"
 
 
  CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."BONUS" 
   (    "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10), 
        "JOB" VARCHAR2(9), 
        "SAL" NUMBER, 
        "COMM" NUMBER
   ) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
  STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
  PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
  TABLESPACE "USERS"
 
 
  CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 
   (    "GRADE" NUMBER, 
        "LOSAL" NUMBER, 
        "HISAL" NUMBER
   ) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
  STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
  PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
  TABLESPACE "USERS"
 
The CREATE DDL for schema SCOTT's Indexes are:
 
  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_EMP" ON "SCOTT"."EMP" ("EMPNO") 
  PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
  STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
  PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
  TABLESPACE "USERS"
 
 
  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "SCOTT"."PK_DEPT" ON "SCOTT"."DEPT" ("DEPTNO") 
  PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
  STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
  PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
  TABLESPACE "USERS"
 
The CREATE DDL for schema SCOTT's Constraints are:
 
  ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO")
  USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS 
  STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
  PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
  TABLESPACE "USERS"  ENABLE
 
 
  ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."DEPT" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_DEPT" PRIMARY KEY ("DEPTNO")
  USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS 
  STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
  PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
  TABLESPACE "USERS"  ENABLE
 
The CREATE DDL for schema SCOTT's Reference Constraints are:
 
  ALTER TABLE "SCOTT"."EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY ("DEPTNO")
          REFERENCES "SCOTT"."DEPT" ("DEPTNO") ENABLE
 
The CREATE DDL for schema SCOTT's Triggers are:
[oracle@oracledg ~]$