spring-boot-2.0.3之quartz集成,不是你想的那样哦!

前言

  开心一刻

    晚上回家,爸妈正在吵架,见我回来就都不说话了,看见我妈坐在那里瞪着我爸,我就问老爸“你干什么了惹我妈生这么大气?”  我爸说“没有什么啊,倒是你,这么大了还没有媳妇,要是你有媳妇给我们生一个孙子玩,我们致于吵架吗?”我一听就感觉要坏,老爸你这是来了一招调虎离山啊,实力坑儿子啊,果然我妈改瞪我了,然后完全不理我爸,直接指着我开骂了……spring-boot-2.0.3之quartz集成,不是你想的那样哦!_第1张图片

  路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索!

  github:https://github.com/youzhibing

  码云(gitee):https://gitee.com/youzhibing

java定时任务调度的实现方式 

  Timer

    这个相信大家都有用过,我也用过,但用的不多;

    特点是:简单易用,但由于所有任务都是由同一个线程来调度,因此所有任务都是串行执行的,同一时间只能有一个任务在执行,前一个任务的延迟或异常都将会影响到之后的任务;能实现简单的定时任务,稍微复杂点(或要求高一些)的定时任务却不好实现。
  ScheduledExecutor

    这个我相信大家也都用过,而且用的比Timer多;正是鉴于Timer的缺陷,Java 5推出了基于线程池设计的ScheduledExecutor;

    特点:每一个被调度的任务都会由线程池中一个线程去执行,因此任务是并发执行的,相互之间不会受到干扰。需要注意的是,只有当任务的执行时间到来时,ScheduedExecutor 才会真正启动一个线程,其余时间 ScheduledExecutor 都是在轮询任务的状态。

    虽然用ScheduledExecutor和Calendar能够实现复杂任务调度,但实现起来还是比较麻烦,对开发还是不够友善。

  Spring Scheduler

    spring对任务调度的实现支持,可以指定任务的执行时间,但对任务队列和线程池的管控较弱;一般集成于项目中,小任务很方便。
  JCronTab

    JCronTab则是一款完全按照crontab语法编写的java任务调度工具。

    特点:

      可指定任务的执行时间;

      提供完全按照Unix的UNIX-POSIX crontab的格式来规定时间;

      支持多种任务调度的持久化方法,包括普通文件、数据库以及 XML 文件进行持久化;

      JCronTab内置了发邮件功能,可以将任务执行结果方便地发送给需要被通知的人;

      设计和部署是高性能并可扩展。

  Quartz

    本文主角,请往下看
  当然还有XXL-JOB、Elastic-Job、Saturn等等

quartz相关概念

  Scheduler:调度器,进行任务调度;quartz的大脑
  Job:业务job,亦可称业务组件;定时任务的具体执行业务需要实现此接口,调度器会调用此接口的execute方法完成我们的定时业务
  JobDetail:用来定义业务Job的实例,我们可以称之为quartz job,很多时候我们谈到的job指的是JobDetail
  Trigger:触发器,用来定义一个指定的Job何时被执行
  JobBuilder:Job构建器,用来定义或创建JobDetail的实例;JobDetail限定了只能是Job的实例
  TriggerBuilder:触发器构建器,用来定义或创建触发器的实例

  具体为什么要分这么细,大家可以去查阅下相关资料,你会发现很多东西

工程实现

  pom.xml



         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    4.0.0

    com.lee
    spring-boot-quartz
    1.0-SNAPSHOT

    
        1.8
        1.8
        1.8
        1.1.10
        1.2.5
        1.1.10
    

    
        org.springframework.boot
        spring-boot-starter-parent
        2.0.3.RELEASE
    

    
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-web
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf
        

        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-quartz
        

        
            com.alibaba
            druid-spring-boot-starter
            ${druid.version}
        
        
            mysql
            mysql-connector-java
        
        
            com.github.pagehelper
            pagehelper-spring-boot-starter
            ${pagehelper.version}
        

        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-logging
                        
                
                    *
                    *
                
            
            test     
        
        
            ch.qos.logback
            logback-classic
        

        
            org.projectlombok
            lombok
            true
        
    

    
        spring-boot-quartz
        
            
            
                org.springframework.boot
                spring-boot-maven-plugin
            
        
    
View Code

  application.xml

server:
  port: 9001
  servlet:
    context-path: /quartz
spring:
  thymeleaf:
    mode: HTML
    cache: false
  #连接池配置
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    druid:
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
      url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring-boot-quartz?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true
      username: root
      password: 123456
      initial-size: 1                     #连接池初始大小
      max-active: 20                      #连接池中最大的活跃连接数
      min-idle: 1                         #连接池中最小的活跃连接数
      max-wait: 60000                     #配置获取连接等待超时的时间
      pool-prepared-statements: true    #打开PSCache,并且指定每个连接上PSCache的大小
      max-pool-prepared-statement-per-connection-size: 20
      validation-query: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
      validation-query-timeout: 30000
      test-on-borrow: false             #是否在获得连接后检测其可用性
      test-on-return: false             #是否在连接放回连接池后检测其可用性
      test-while-idle: true             #是否在连接空闲一段时间后检测其可用性
  quartz:
    #相关属性配置
    properties:
      org:
        quartz:
          scheduler:
            instanceName: quartzScheduler
            instanceId: AUTO
          jobStore:
            class: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX
            driverDelegateClass: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
            tablePrefix: QRTZ_
            isClustered: false
            clusterCheckinInterval: 10000
            useProperties: false
          threadPool:
            class: org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool
            threadCount: 10
            threadPriority: 5
            threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread: true
    #数据库方式
    job-store-type: JDBC
    #初始化表结构
    jdbc:
      initialize-schema: NEVER
#mybatis配置
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.lee.quartz.entity
  mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
#分页配置, pageHelper是物理分页插件
pagehelper:
  #4.0.0以后版本可以不设置该参数,该示例中是5.1.4
  helper-dialect: mysql
  #启用合理化,如果pageNum<1会查询第一页,如果pageNum>pages会查询最后一页
  reasonable: true
logging:
  level:
    com.lee.quartz.mapper: debug
View Code

  这样,quartz就配置好了,应用里面直接用即可

  JobController.java

package com.lee.quartz.web;


import com.github.pagehelper.PageInfo;
import com.lee.quartz.common.Result;
import com.lee.quartz.entity.QuartzJob;
import com.lee.quartz.service.IJobService;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/job")
public class JobController {
    private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JobController.class);

    @Autowired
    private IJobService jobService;
    
    @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
    @PostMapping("/add")
    public Result save(QuartzJob quartz){
        LOGGER.info("新增任务");
        Result result = jobService.saveJob(quartz);
        return result;
    }
    @PostMapping("/list")
    public PageInfo list(String jobName,Integer pageNo,Integer pageSize){
        LOGGER.info("任务列表");
        PageInfo pageInfo = jobService.listQuartzJob(jobName, pageNo, pageSize);
        return pageInfo;
    }

    @PostMapping("/trigger")
    public  Result trigger(String jobName, String jobGroup) {
        LOGGER.info("触发任务");
        Result result = jobService.triggerJob(jobName, jobGroup);
        return result;
    }

    @PostMapping("/pause")
    public  Result pause(String jobName, String jobGroup) {
        LOGGER.info("停止任务");
        Result result = jobService.pauseJob(jobName, jobGroup);
        return result;
    }

    @PostMapping("/resume")
    public  Result resume(String jobName, String jobGroup) {
        LOGGER.info("恢复任务");
        Result result = jobService.resumeJob(jobName, jobGroup);
        return result;
    }

    @PostMapping("/remove")
    public  Result remove(String jobName, String jobGroup) {
        LOGGER.info("移除任务");
        Result result = jobService.removeJob(jobName, jobGroup);
        return result;
    }
}
View Code

  JobServiceImpl.java

package com.lee.quartz.service.impl;

import com.github.pagehelper.PageHelper;
import com.github.pagehelper.PageInfo;
import com.lee.quartz.common.Result;
import com.lee.quartz.entity.QuartzJob;
import com.lee.quartz.mapper.JobMapper;
import com.lee.quartz.service.IJobService;
import org.quartz.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class JobServiceImpl implements IJobService {

    @Autowired
    private Scheduler scheduler;

    @Autowired
    private JobMapper jobMapper;

    @Override
    public PageInfo listQuartzJob(String jobName, Integer pageNum, Integer pageSize) {
        PageHelper.startPage(pageNum, pageSize);
        List jobList = jobMapper.listJob(jobName);
        PageInfo pageInfo = new PageInfo(jobList);
        return pageInfo;
    }

    @Override
    public Result saveJob(QuartzJob quartz){
        try {
            //如果是修改  展示旧的 任务
            if(quartz.getOldJobGroup() != null && !"".equals(quartz.getOldJobGroup())){
                JobKey key = new JobKey(quartz.getOldJobName(),quartz.getOldJobGroup());
                scheduler.deleteJob(key);
            }

            //构建job信息
            Class cls = Class.forName(quartz.getJobClassName()) ;
            cls.newInstance();
            JobDetail job = JobBuilder.newJob(cls).withIdentity(quartz.getJobName(),
                    quartz.getJobGroup())
                    .withDescription(quartz.getDescription()).build();
            // 触发时间点
            CronScheduleBuilder cronScheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(quartz.getCronExpression().trim());
            Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger"+quartz.getJobName(), quartz.getJobGroup())
                    .startNow().withSchedule(cronScheduleBuilder).build();
            //交由Scheduler安排触发
            scheduler.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return Result.error();
        }
        return Result.ok();
    }

    @Override
    public Result triggerJob(String jobName, String jobGroup) {
        JobKey key = new JobKey(jobName,jobGroup);
        try {
            scheduler.triggerJob(key);
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return Result.error();
        }
        return Result.ok();
    }

    @Override
    public Result pauseJob(String jobName, String jobGroup) {
        JobKey key = new JobKey(jobName,jobGroup);
        try {
            scheduler.pauseJob(key);
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return Result.error();
        }
        return Result.ok();
    }

    @Override
    public Result resumeJob(String jobName, String jobGroup) {
        JobKey key = new JobKey(jobName,jobGroup);
        try {
            scheduler.resumeJob(key);
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return Result.error();
        }
        return Result.ok();
    }

    @Override
    public Result removeJob(String jobName, String jobGroup) {
        try {
            TriggerKey triggerKey = TriggerKey.triggerKey(jobName, jobGroup);
            // 停止触发器
            scheduler.pauseTrigger(triggerKey);
            // 移除触发器
            scheduler.unscheduleJob(triggerKey);
            // 删除任务
            scheduler.deleteJob(JobKey.jobKey(jobName, jobGroup));
            System.out.println("removeJob:"+JobKey.jobKey(jobName));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return Result.error();
        }
        return Result.ok();
    }
}
View Code

  主要就是以上文件,详情请查看spring-boot-quartz

  工程里面数据源用的druid,springboot默认也会将该数据源应用到quartz,如果想给quartz单独配置数据源,可配合@QuartzDataSource来实现(更多quarz数据源问题,请查看spring-boot-2.0.3之quartz集成,数据源问题,源码探究

  最终效果如下

trigger状态

  org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.Constants中存放了一些列的常量,源代码如下

/* 
 * All content copyright Terracotta, Inc., unless otherwise indicated. All rights reserved.
 * 
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not 
 * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy 
 * of the License at 
 * 
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
 *   
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT 
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the 
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations 
 * under the License.
 * 
 */

package org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore;

/**
 * 

* This interface can be implemented by any {@link * org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.DriverDelegate} * class that needs to use the constants contained herein. *

* *
@author Jeffrey Wescott * @author James House */ public interface Constants { /* * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * * Constants. * * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ */ // Table names String TABLE_JOB_DETAILS = "JOB_DETAILS"; String TABLE_TRIGGERS = "TRIGGERS"; String TABLE_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS = "SIMPLE_TRIGGERS"; String TABLE_CRON_TRIGGERS = "CRON_TRIGGERS"; String TABLE_BLOB_TRIGGERS = "BLOB_TRIGGERS"; String TABLE_FIRED_TRIGGERS = "FIRED_TRIGGERS"; String TABLE_CALENDARS = "CALENDARS"; String TABLE_PAUSED_TRIGGERS = "PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS"; String TABLE_LOCKS = "LOCKS"; String TABLE_SCHEDULER_STATE = "SCHEDULER_STATE"; // TABLE_JOB_DETAILS columns names String COL_SCHEDULER_NAME = "SCHED_NAME"; String COL_JOB_NAME = "JOB_NAME"; String COL_JOB_GROUP = "JOB_GROUP"; String COL_IS_DURABLE = "IS_DURABLE"; String COL_IS_VOLATILE = "IS_VOLATILE"; String COL_IS_NONCONCURRENT = "IS_NONCONCURRENT"; String COL_IS_UPDATE_DATA = "IS_UPDATE_DATA"; String COL_REQUESTS_RECOVERY = "REQUESTS_RECOVERY"; String COL_JOB_DATAMAP = "JOB_DATA"; String COL_JOB_CLASS = "JOB_CLASS_NAME"; String COL_DESCRIPTION = "DESCRIPTION"; // TABLE_TRIGGERS columns names String COL_TRIGGER_NAME = "TRIGGER_NAME"; String COL_TRIGGER_GROUP = "TRIGGER_GROUP"; String COL_NEXT_FIRE_TIME = "NEXT_FIRE_TIME"; String COL_PREV_FIRE_TIME = "PREV_FIRE_TIME"; String COL_TRIGGER_STATE = "TRIGGER_STATE"; String COL_TRIGGER_TYPE = "TRIGGER_TYPE"; String COL_START_TIME = "START_TIME"; String COL_END_TIME = "END_TIME"; String COL_PRIORITY = "PRIORITY"; String COL_MISFIRE_INSTRUCTION = "MISFIRE_INSTR"; String ALIAS_COL_NEXT_FIRE_TIME = "ALIAS_NXT_FR_TM"; // TABLE_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS columns names String COL_REPEAT_COUNT = "REPEAT_COUNT"; String COL_REPEAT_INTERVAL = "REPEAT_INTERVAL"; String COL_TIMES_TRIGGERED = "TIMES_TRIGGERED"; // TABLE_CRON_TRIGGERS columns names String COL_CRON_EXPRESSION = "CRON_EXPRESSION"; // TABLE_BLOB_TRIGGERS columns names String COL_BLOB = "BLOB_DATA"; String COL_TIME_ZONE_ID = "TIME_ZONE_ID"; // TABLE_FIRED_TRIGGERS columns names String COL_INSTANCE_NAME = "INSTANCE_NAME"; String COL_FIRED_TIME = "FIRED_TIME"; String COL_SCHED_TIME = "SCHED_TIME"; String COL_ENTRY_ID = "ENTRY_ID"; String COL_ENTRY_STATE = "STATE"; // TABLE_CALENDARS columns names String COL_CALENDAR_NAME = "CALENDAR_NAME"; String COL_CALENDAR = "CALENDAR"; // TABLE_LOCKS columns names String COL_LOCK_NAME = "LOCK_NAME"; // TABLE_LOCKS columns names String COL_LAST_CHECKIN_TIME = "LAST_CHECKIN_TIME"; String COL_CHECKIN_INTERVAL = "CHECKIN_INTERVAL"; // MISC CONSTANTS String DEFAULT_TABLE_PREFIX = "QRTZ_"; // STATES String STATE_WAITING = "WAITING"; String STATE_ACQUIRED = "ACQUIRED"; String STATE_EXECUTING = "EXECUTING"; String STATE_COMPLETE = "COMPLETE"; String STATE_BLOCKED = "BLOCKED"; String STATE_ERROR = "ERROR"; String STATE_PAUSED = "PAUSED"; String STATE_PAUSED_BLOCKED = "PAUSED_BLOCKED"; String STATE_DELETED = "DELETED"; /** * @deprecated Whether a trigger has misfired is no longer a state, but * rather now identified dynamically by whether the trigger's next fire * time is more than the misfire threshold time in the past. */ String STATE_MISFIRED = "MISFIRED"; String ALL_GROUPS_PAUSED = "_$_ALL_GROUPS_PAUSED_$_"; // TRIGGER TYPES /** Simple Trigger type. */ String TTYPE_SIMPLE = "SIMPLE"; /** Cron Trigger type. */ String TTYPE_CRON = "CRON"; /** Calendar Interval Trigger type. */ String TTYPE_CAL_INT = "CAL_INT"; /** Daily Time Interval Trigger type. */ String TTYPE_DAILY_TIME_INT = "DAILY_I"; /** A general blob Trigger type. */ String TTYPE_BLOB = "BLOB"; } // EOF
View Code

  里面有quartz的表名、各个表包含的列名、trigger状态、trigger类型等内容

  状态包括

    WAITING:等待中
    ACQUIRED:将触发,此时还未到trigger真正的触发时刻
    EXECUTING:触发,亦可理解成执行中,trigger真正的触发时刻
    COMPLETE:完成,不再触发
    BLOCKED:受阻,不允许并发执行job时会出现(@DisallowConcurrentExecution)
    ERROR:出错
    PAUSED:暂停中
    PAUSED_BLOCKED:暂停受阻,不允许并发执行job时会出现(@DisallowConcurrentExecution)
    DELETED:已删除
    MISFIRED:触发失败,已弃用,有另外的替代方式

  状态变化流程图如下所示

spring-boot-2.0.3之quartz集成,不是你想的那样哦!_第2张图片

  trigger的初始状态是WAITING,处于WAITING状态的trigger等待被触发。调度线程会不停地扫triggers表,根据NEXT_FIRE_TIME提前拉取即将触发的trigger,如果这个trigger被该调度线程拉取到,它的状态就会变为ACQUIRED。因为是提前拉取trigger,并未到达trigger真正的触发时刻,所以调度线程会等到真正触发的时刻,再将trigger状态由ACQUIRED改为EXECUTING。如果这个trigger不再执行,就将状态改为COMPLETE,否则为WAITING,开始新的周期。如果这个周期中的任何环节抛出异常,trigger的状态会变成ERROR。如果手动暂停这个trigger,状态会变成PAUSED。

总结

  Quartz作为一个开源的作业调度框架,提供了巨大的灵活性而不牺牲简单性。我们能够用它来为执行一个作业而创建简单的或复杂的调度。它有很多特征,如:数据库、集群、插件、JavaMail支持,EJB作业预构建,支持cron-like表达式等等;

  springboot集成quartz非常简单,最简单的情况下只需要引入依赖我们就可以享受quartz提供的功能,springboot默认会帮我们配置好quartz;当然我们也可以自定义配置来实现quartz的定制;

参考

  几种任务调度的Java实现方法与比较

  小柒2012 / spring-boot-quartz

  boot-features-quartz

  作业调度系统—Quartz

  记一次Quartz重复调度(任务重复执行)的问题排查

  Quartz FAQ

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