AndroidQ 系统自带文件选择器

 

Android Q 作用域规则

如果我们要读取SD卡上非图片、音频、视频类的文件，比如说先选择一个doc文件，这个时候就不能再使用MediaStore API了，而是要使用系统自带的文件选择器。直接上代码。

//选择文件
private void performFileSearch() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT);
        intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
        //允许多选 长按多选
        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_ALLOW_MULTIPLE, true);
        //不限制选取类型
        intent.setType("*/*");
        startActivityForResult(intent, -1);
}

//接收返回值
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    switch (requestCode) {
        case -1:
            if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK && data != null) {
                //当单选选了一个文件后返回
                if (data.getData() != null) {
                    handleSingleDocument(data);
                } else {
                    //多选
                    ClipData clipData = data.getClipData();
                    if (clipData != null) {
                        Uri[] uris = new Uri[clipData.getItemCount()];
                        for (int i = 0; i < clipData.getItemCount(); i++) {
                            uris[i] = clipData.getItemAt(i).getUri();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
    }
}

//将uri转换为我们需要的path,多选类似
private void handleSingleDocument(Intent data) {
    Uri uri = data.getData();
    String filePath = FileUtils.getRealPath(this, uri);
}

FileUtils.java文件 (根据Uri获取Path)

网上流传的很多Uri获取Path的方法虽然都适配到了Android 4.4，但是到了Android 8.0又不好使了，下面是在Android 10.0上测试通过的版本。

public class FileUtils {
    public static String getRealPath(Context context, Uri fileUri) {
        String realPath;
        // SDK < API11
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 11) {
            realPath = FileUtils.getRealPathFromURI_BelowAPI11(context, fileUri);
        }
        // SDK >= 11 && SDK < 19
        else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 19) {
            realPath = FileUtils.getRealPathFromURI_API11to18(context, fileUri);
        }
        // SDK > 19 (Android 4.4) and up
        else {
            realPath = FileUtils.getRealPathFromURI_API19(context, fileUri);
        }
        return realPath;
    }


    @SuppressLint("NewApi")
    public static String getRealPathFromURI_API11to18(Context context, Uri contentUri) {
        String[] proj = {MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA};
        String result = null;

        CursorLoader cursorLoader = new CursorLoader(context, contentUri, proj, null, null, null);
        Cursor cursor = cursorLoader.loadInBackground();

        if (cursor != null) {
            int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA);
            cursor.moveToFirst();
            result = cursor.getString(column_index);
            cursor.close();
        }
        return result;
    }

    public static String getRealPathFromURI_BelowAPI11(Context context, Uri contentUri) {
        String[] proj = {MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA};
        Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(contentUri, proj, null, null, null);
        int column_index = 0;
        String result = "";
        if (cursor != null) {
            column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA);
            cursor.moveToFirst();
            result = cursor.getString(column_index);
            cursor.close();
            return result;
        }
        return result;
    }

    @SuppressLint("NewApi")
    public static String getRealPathFromURI_API19(final Context context, final Uri uri) {

        final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT;

        // DocumentProvider
        if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
            // ExternalStorageProvider
            if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
                final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final String[] split = docId.split(":");
                final String type = split[0];

                // This is for checking Main Memory
                if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
                    if (split.length > 1) {
                        return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
                    } else {
                        return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/";
                    }
                    // This is for checking SD Card
                } else {
                    return "storage" + "/" + docId.replace(":", "/");
                }

            }
            // DownloadsProvider
            else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {
                String fileName = getFilePath(context, uri);
                if (fileName != null) {
                    return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().toString() + "/Download/" + fileName;
                }

                String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                if (id.startsWith("raw:")) {
                    id = id.replaceFirst("raw:", "");
                    File file = new File(id);
                    if (file.exists())
                        return id;
                }

                final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));
                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
            }
            // MediaProvider
            else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
                final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final String[] split = docId.split(":");
                final String type = split[0];

                Uri contentUri = null;
                if ("image".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("video".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                }

                final String selection = "_id=?";
                final String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{
                        split[1]
                };

                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
            }
        }
        // MediaStore (and general)
        else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {

            // Return the remote address
            if (isGooglePhotosUri(uri))
                return uri.getLastPathSegment();

            return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);
        }
        // File
        else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            return uri.getPath();
        }

        return null;
    }

    public static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection,
                                       String[] selectionArgs) {

        Cursor cursor = null;
        final String column = "_data";
        final String[] projection = {
                column
        };

        try {
            cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs,
                    null);
            if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                final int index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
                return cursor.getString(index);
            }
        } finally {
            if (cursor != null)
                cursor.close();
        }
        return null;
    }


    public static String getFilePath(Context context, Uri uri) {

        Cursor cursor = null;
        final String[] projection = {
                MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME
        };

        try {
            cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, null, null,
                    null);
            if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                final int index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME);
                return cursor.getString(index);
            }
        } finally {
            if (cursor != null)
                cursor.close();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is Google Photos.
     */
    public static boolean isGooglePhotosUri(Uri uri) {
        return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }
}

最后，如果想给选择器添加过滤的文件类型，只需要添加如下代码就可以了

String[] mimeTypes = {MimeType.DOC, MimeType.DOCX, MimeType.PDF, MimeType.PPT, MimeType.PPTX, MimeType.XLS, MimeType.XLSX};
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_MIME_TYPES, mimeTypes);

//存放需要过滤的类型的类
public class MimeType {
    public static final String DOC = "application/msword";
    public static final String DOCX = "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document";
    public static final String XLS = "application/vnd.ms-excel";
    public static final String XLSX = "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet";
    public static final String PPT = "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint";
    public static final String PPTX = "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation";
    public static final String PDF = "application/pdf";
}