Android 8.0 调取系统摄像头和相册选择图片
最近做了几个商城,发现个人中心那,头像修改都是统一一种模式,调取系统摄像头和相册上传头像.就写个总结,以后就直接拿来用,顺便总结遇到的问题.
- 6.0之后敏感权限动态申请
- 7.0之后 使用本地真实的Uri路径不安全,直接使用Uri.fromFile(file);会报FileUriExposedException异常
android.os.FileUriExposedException: file:///storage/emulated/0/Pictures/nbinpic/UserIcon.png exposed beyond app through ClipData.Item.getUri()
安卓更新越来越快了啊,9.0都已经出来了.
不想看过程的同学可以直接看最后代码了.还不行的话,我将demo上传到github了.
首先6.0之后,权限需要动态申请,对,只是申请,首先还是需要我们在清单文件AndroidManifest.xml中加上
因为变成组合式权限,我们只是写上 写SD卡 权限,android会自动将 读SD卡的权限也给你了.
然后,在我们点击照相的地方动态申请权限
//"点击了照相";
// 6.0之后动态申请权限 摄像头调取权限,SD卡写入权限
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
&& ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA,Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},
MY_ADD_CASE_CALL_PHONE);
} else {
try {
//有权限,去打开摄像头
takePhoto();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
有个调取摄像头回调
/**
* 申请权限回调
*
*/
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
if (requestCode == MY_ADD_CASE_CALL_PHONE) {
if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
try {
//有权限,去调取摄像头
takePhoto();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
//"权限拒绝");
// TODO: 2018/12/4 这里可以给用户一个提示,请求权限被拒绝了
}
}
if (requestCode == MY_ADD_CASE_CALL_PHONE2) {
if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//有权限,去打开系统图库
choosePhoto();
} else {
//"权限拒绝");
// TODO: 2018/12/4 这里可以给用户一个提示,请求权限被拒绝了
}
}
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
}
打开系统图库
/**
* 打开相册
*/
private void choosePhoto() {
//这是打开系统默认的相册(就是你系统怎么分类,就怎么显示,展示分类列表)
Intent picture = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI);
startActivityForResult(picture, 2);
}
打开摄像头
private void takePhoto() throws IOException {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
// 获取文件
File file = createFileIfNeed("UserIcon.png");
//拍照后原图回存入此路径下
Uri uri;
uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, uri);
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_VIDEO_QUALITY, 1);
startActivityForResult(intent, 1);
}
这里就会报一个FileUriExposedException异常,因为在7.0之后,使用真实的Uri路径是不安全的,系统拒绝了我们请求uri的请求,这里就要做7.0的适配.
首先需要在我们的清单文件中
~~~
这里的com.example.bobo.getphotodemo是我的包名,记得改成你自己的.
然后takePhoto完整是这样写的,判断是否在7.0以下,使用正常的;7.0以上是使用系统封装的FileProvider请求
private void takePhoto() throws IOException {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
// 获取文件
File file = createFileIfNeed("UserIcon.png");
//拍照后原图回存入此路径下
Uri uri;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.M){
uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
}else {
/**
* 7.0 调用系统相机拍照不再允许使用Uri方式，应该替换为FileProvider
* 并且这样可以解决MIUI系统上拍照返回size为0的情况
*/
uri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(this, "com.example.bobo.getphotodemo.fileprovider", file);
}
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, uri);
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_VIDEO_QUALITY, 1);
startActivityForResult(intent, 1);
}
这里的com.example.bobo.getphotodemo.fileprovider要与清单文件中android:authorities="配置一样,不然你build就直接崩了.
最后就是回调了,这里我用了Tiny图片压缩框架直接将返回的数据转成bitmap和file路径,方便我们操作
不会 移步 ,看Tiny的使用.
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (requestCode == 1 && resultCode != Activity.RESULT_CANCELED) {
String state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
if (!state.equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) return;
// 把原图显示到界面上
Tiny.FileCompressOptions options = new Tiny.FileCompressOptions();
Tiny.getInstance().source(readpic()).asFile().withOptions(options).compress(new FileWithBitmapCallback() {
@Override
public void callback(boolean isSuccess, Bitmap bitmap, String outfile, Throwable t) {
File file = new File(outfile);
// TODO: 2018/12/4 这里就可以将图片文件 file 上传到服务器,上传成功后可以将bitmap设置给你对应的图片展示
imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
}
});
} else if (requestCode == 2 && resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK
&& null != data) {
try {
Uri selectedImage = data.getData();
Tiny.FileCompressOptions options = new Tiny.FileCompressOptions();
Tiny.getInstance().source(selectedImage).asFile().withOptions(options).compress(new FileWithBitmapCallback() {
@Override
public void callback(boolean isSuccess, Bitmap bitmap, String outfile, Throwable t) {
File file = new File(outfile);
// TODO: 2018/12/4 这里就可以将图片文件 file 上传到服务器,上传成功后可以将bitmap设置给你对应的图片展示
imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
}
});
} catch (Exception e) {
//"上传失败");
}
}
}
/**
* 从保存原图的地址读取图片
*/
private String readpic() {
String filePath = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES).getAbsolutePath() + "/nbinpic/" + "UserIcon.png";
return filePath;
}
最后附上主要完整代码MainActivity
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
//调取系统摄像头的请求码
private static final int MY_ADD_CASE_CALL_PHONE = 6;
//打开相册的请求码
private static final int MY_ADD_CASE_CALL_PHONE2 = 7;
private ImageView imageView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
imageView = findViewById(R.id.image);
}
public void UpdatePhoto(View view) {
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
LayoutInflater inflater = getLayoutInflater();
View layout = inflater.inflate(R.layout.dialog_select_photo, null);//获取自定义布局
builder.setView(layout);
final AlertDialog dlg = builder.create();
Window window = dlg.getWindow();
window.setGravity(Gravity.BOTTOM);
//设置点击外围消散
dlg.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(true);
dlg.show();
WindowManager m = getWindowManager();
Display d = m.getDefaultDisplay(); //为获取屏幕宽、高
WindowManager.LayoutParams p = dlg.getWindow().getAttributes(); //获取对话框当前的参数值
p.width = d.getWidth(); //宽度设置为屏幕
window.setBackgroundDrawable(new ColorDrawable(0));
TextView button1 = layout.findViewById(R.id.photograph);
TextView button2 = layout.findViewById(R.id.photo);
TextView button3 = layout.findViewById(R.id.cancel);
button1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
//"点击了照相";
// 6.0之后动态申请权限 摄像头调取权限,SD卡写入权限
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
&& ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},
MY_ADD_CASE_CALL_PHONE);
} else {
try {
//有权限,去打开摄像头
takePhoto();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
dlg.dismiss();
}
});
button2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
//"点击了相册");
// 6.0之后动态申请权限 SD卡写入权限
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this,
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},
MY_ADD_CASE_CALL_PHONE2);
} else {
choosePhoto();
}
dlg.dismiss();
}
});
button3.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
dlg.dismiss();
}
});
}
private void takePhoto() throws IOException {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
// 获取文件
File file = createFileIfNeed("UserIcon.png");
//拍照后原图回存入此路径下
Uri uri;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
} else {
/**
* 7.0 调用系统相机拍照不再允许使用Uri方式，应该替换为FileProvider
* 并且这样可以解决MIUI系统上拍照返回size为0的情况
*/
uri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(this, "com.example.bobo.getphotodemo.fileprovider", file);
}
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, uri);
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_VIDEO_QUALITY, 1);
startActivityForResult(intent, 1);
}
// 在sd卡中创建一保存图片（原图和缩略图共用的）文件夹
private File createFileIfNeed(String fileName) throws IOException {
String fileA = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES).getAbsolutePath() + "/nbinpic";
File fileJA = new File(fileA);
if (!fileJA.exists()) {
fileJA.mkdirs();
}
File file = new File(fileA, fileName);
if (!file.exists()) {
file.createNewFile();
}
return file;
}
/**
* 打开相册
*/
private void choosePhoto() {
//这是打开系统默认的相册(就是你系统怎么分类,就怎么显示,首先展示分类列表)
Intent picture = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI);
startActivityForResult(picture, 2);
}
/**
* 申请权限回调
*
* @param requestCode
* @param permissions
* @param grantResults
*/
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
if (requestCode == MY_ADD_CASE_CALL_PHONE) {
if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
try {
takePhoto();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
//"权限拒绝");
// TODO: 2018/12/4 这里可以给用户一个提示,请求权限被拒绝了
}
}
if (requestCode == MY_ADD_CASE_CALL_PHONE2) {
if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
choosePhoto();
} else {
//"权限拒绝");
// TODO: 2018/12/4 这里可以给用户一个提示,请求权限被拒绝了
}
}
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (requestCode == 1 && resultCode != Activity.RESULT_CANCELED) {
String state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
if (!state.equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) return;
// 把原图显示到界面上
Tiny.FileCompressOptions options = new Tiny.FileCompressOptions();
Tiny.getInstance().source(readpic()).asFile().withOptions(options).compress(new FileWithBitmapCallback() {
@Override
public void callback(boolean isSuccess, Bitmap bitmap, String outfile, Throwable t) {
saveImageToServer(bitmap, outfile);
}
});
} else if (requestCode == 2 && resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK
&& null != data) {
try {
Uri selectedImage = data.getData();
Tiny.FileCompressOptions options = new Tiny.FileCompressOptions();
Tiny.getInstance().source(selectedImage).asFile().withOptions(options).compress(new FileWithBitmapCallback() {
@Override
public void callback(boolean isSuccess, Bitmap bitmap, String outfile, Throwable t) {
saveImageToServer(bitmap, outfile);
}
});
} catch (Exception e) {
//"上传失败");
}
}
}
/**
* 从保存原图的地址读取图片
*/
private String readpic() {
String filePath = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES).getAbsolutePath() + "/nbinpic/" + "UserIcon.png";
return filePath;
}
private void saveImageToServer(final Bitmap bitmap, String outfile) {
File file = new File(outfile);
// TODO: 2018/12/4 这里就可以将图片文件 file 上传到服务器,上传成功后可以将bitmap设置给你对应的图片展示
imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
}
}
做了个按钮点击弹出dialog.
效果图:
拍照效果,我没限制ImageView大小,有点大哈
图册选择效果
源码