[SpringCloud] 入门-第三篇: 服务消费者（feign)

1. 什么是feign

上个文章,我们是使用restTemplate + Ribbon 来实现分布式服务之间的生产和消费的调用的, 这篇文章来讲一讲SpringCloud分布式服务之间调用的另一个方案, feign

Feign是一个声明式的伪Http客户端，它使得写Http客户端变得更简单。使用Feign，只需要创建一个接口并注解。它具有可插拔的注解特性，可使用Feign 注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Feign默认集成了Ribbon，并和Eureka结合，默认实现了负载均衡的效果

重点:

• Feig采用的是基于接口的注解
• Feign整合了Ribbon

2. 创建feign的服务

这里接着上一篇使用Ribbon的文章继续进行
这个时候我们已经有:
1. eurekaServer — 注册中心
2. eureka-client-01 — 生产者,客户端
3. service-ribbon — 使用ribbon调用eureka-client-01方法的消费者

新建一个spring-boot工程,(怕麻烦的话其实可以直接复制上面的service-ribbon, 把所有ribbon换成feign, pom文件改吧改吧就好了)

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
    <packaging>jarpackaging>
    <artifactId>service-feignartifactId>


    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
        <version>1.5.2.RELEASEversion>
        <relativePath/> 
    parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8java.version>
    properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eurekaartifactId>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feignartifactId>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
            <scope>testscope>
        dependency>
    dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependenciesartifactId>
                <version>Dalston.RC1version>
                <type>pomtype>
                <scope>importscope>
            dependency>
        dependencies>
    dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>
            plugin>
        plugins>
    build>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestonesid>
            <name>Spring Milestonesname>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestoneurl>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>falseenabled>
            snapshots>
        repository>
    repositories>



project>

application.yml配置如下

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
spring:
  application:
    name: service-feign
server:
  port: 8086

启动类上面打上@EnableFeignClients注解开启Feign的功能

package com.zgd.springcloud.eurekaClient;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;


/**
 * eureka client 客户端
 */
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = "com.zgd.springcloud.eurekaClient")
public class FeignApp {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(FeignApp.class, args);
    }

}

这里和ribbon区别的地方就来了

ribbon是直接定义一个serviceImpl, 在里面用restTemplate去访问暴露在外面的其他服务提供者的mvc接口

feign直接定义一个接口,通过@ FeignClient（“服务名”），来指定调用哪个服务
下面注解中的@RequestMapping的value都是eureka-client-01模块需要调用的方法的路由

package com.zgd.springcloud.eurekaClient.interf;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

/**
 * @FeignClient value是指定的服务提供者在eurekaServer中的服务名,也就是eureka-client-01的applicationName: client01
 */
@FeignClient(value = "client01")
@Component
public interface FeignService{

    /**
     * 这里还是访问的eureka-client-01的
     *      com.zgd.springcloud.eurekaClient.controller.ProducerController
     *      的hello方法的路由
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    String hiService(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}

在Web层的controller层, 对外暴露一个api接口

package com.zgd.springcloud.eurekaClient.controller;

import com.zgd.springcloud.eurekaClient.interf.FeignService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
public class FeignController {

    @SuppressWarnings("SpringJavaInjectionPointsAutowiringInspection")

    @Autowired
    FeignService feignService;
    /**
     * 通过service层,用restTemplate访问Client01路由,间接调用了Client01工程的方法
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/getHi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getHi(@RequestParam String name) {
        return feignService.hiService( name );
    }

}

这个时候因为接口没有实现类,不用担心会报错空指针异常, 前提是你的app启动类上确实用了@EnableFeignClients

4. 启动程序

1. 启动eurekaServer
2. 启动eureka-client-01, 更改端口号, 再次启动
3. 启动service-feign

访问 http://localhost:8086/getHi?name=zgd

多次访问,可以看到轮询调用了两个端口

5.源码

https://github.com/zzzgd/SpringCloudDemo/tree/master/spring-cloud-part1