E-Learning团队的岗位职责分工
E-Learning团队的岗位职责分工（转载） 分类:e-learning相关R & R for elearning最近一段时间brandonhall yahoo新闻组讨论的一个话题，是E-Learning团队的岗位职责分工。
最早的帖子，比较简单，抛砖引玉，公司的E-Learning C/WBT团队分工情况：
Sponsor:
the person/department who requests the C/WBT. Has final say on C/WBT.
主办方：提出C/WBT需求的部门/人。对产品有最终决定权。
PCT (Process Control Team):
the team that will approve if this training need is appropriate for C/WBT -- or if another delivery method is more appropriate
PCT过程控制团队：该团队负责审批该培训需求是否适于采用C/WBT方式，或者其他的传播方式会更好？
Project Manager:
has overall responsibility to get the C/WBT done as requested, on time. Works with sponsor to set goals, deadlines for the C/WBT; lines up the ISD project team (SME, multi-media folks, designer, developer, IS teams, etc.)
项目经理：全权负责C/WBT项目能够按照要求及时完成。与主办方合作确定目标，项目计划日期，安排整个教学设计团队工作（SME学科问题专家、多媒体人员、设计人员、开发人员、信息服务人员等）
Subject Matter Expert: self-explanatory
学科问题专家：没什么可多说的
Designer: responsible for the ISD process (ADDIE)
设计人员：负责整个教学设计环节。
Developer: uses the storyboards to input the C/WBT into Flash
开发人员：根据脚本将内容转化成flash
Multimedia: works with designer to provide needed multimedia elements
多媒体工作人员：与设计人员合作提供多媒体元件的制作
IS (Information Services): numerous teams responsible for getting our C/WBTs published and maintained on the Intranet and / or CDs.
信息服务人员：大型的团队，负责局域网或者光盘上的C/WBT课程发布和维护。
接下来的回应比较精彩，这个回帖者公司的团队分工比较细致，职责表述得也比较清晰：
Project Sponsor
项目主办者：
Provide funding.提供资金
Review product at key points specified by the Project Manager and Sponsor Relationship Manager
审核由项目经理和客户关系经理提出的产品核心要点
Sponsor Relationship Manager
客户关系经理
Key contact with the Project Sponsor.
与项目主办者的主要联系人
Responsible for providing status updates to the Project Sponsor.
负责向项目主办者汇报项目进展状态。
Responsible for obtaining Project Sponsor input on all Change Orders.
负责从项目主办者处获得所有修改订单需要的投入。
Final sign-off to approve/reject Change Orders.
最终在批准/拒绝修改订单上签字。
Responsible for course rollout.
负责课程的公开展示
Responsible for project wrap-up.
负责项目总结
Responsible for transitioning course issues into potential future revisions and maintenance releases.
负责将课程内容转换成将来可能的修改以及维护更新。
Project Director
项目主管
Monitors overall project progress.
监督整个项目过程
Reviews product at key points in project specified by the Project Manager and Sponsor Relationship Manager.
审核由项目经理和客户关系经理提出的项目核心要点
Project Manager
项目经理
Overall responsibility for project activities and deliverables.
全权负责项目活动，保证项目保质保量如期交付。
Fulfills a Quality Assurance role making sure that all designers and developers are consistently adhering to standards and creating a coherent message.
保证所有的设计和开发人员协同工作，始终如一地坚持标准。
Responsible for providing status updates on project progress to the Sponsor Relationship Manager and Project Director. Involved in status updates/meetings with Project Sponsor as needed.
负责向客户关系经理和项目主管汇报项目进展状态的最新信息。如果有必要，要与项目主办者开会汇报。
Responsible for project workplan, timelines/deadlines and project budget.
负责制定项目工作计划、完成时间以及项目预算。
Monitors budget and ensures that project stays within scope/budget. Ensures that project stays on track in terms of timelines. Responsible for project status reporting.
监督预算使用情况，保证项目预算不超标。保证项目按照计划如期进行，负责汇报项目状态。
Responsible for Change Order Process whereby scope/design/content changes are documented and approved/rejected based on input from the Project Sponsor and Sponsor Relationship Manager.
负责修改订单程序，保证项目在范围/设计/内容上的变动与文档保持一致。根据项目主办者和客户关系经理的意见批准或者否决修改订单。
Has primary responsibility for the design and development of an instructionally sound roduct.
对设计和开发负主要责任，以保证产品的教学有效性。
Lead Instructional Designer
首席教学设计
Has primary responsibility to design an instructionally sound course.
对产品在设计上的教学有效性负主要责任。
Primary contact for the Content Experts.
与内容专家的主要联系人
Resolve content issues with Content Experts.
与内容专家合作解决所有内容上的问题
Work closely with the Content Experts and Lead Technical Architect to ensure that the design meets both content and technical requirements. Work day-to-day with the Designers and Developers to design all components of the product.
与内容专家和首席技术架构紧密合作保证设计能够满足内容和技术要求。与设计与开发人员一起工作，完成产品全部组件的设计工作。
Day-to-day responsibility for design deliverables.
保证设计的可交付使用。
Responsible for providing the Sponsor Relationship Manager and Project Manager with status updates on ID progress and design/scope issues.
负责向客户关系经理与项目经理汇报教学设计过程以及设计/范围方面的情况的最新进展。
Responsible for obtaining design input from Project Manager as appropriate.
在适当的时候向项目经理处获得设计投入。
Responsible for ensuring that the designers are adhering to project documentation standards.
负责保证设计人员的工作达到项目文档要求的标准。
Lead Technical Architect
首席技术架构
Has responsibility for designing and creating the technical architecture upon which the building blocks of the course can be built.
负责技术架构的设计和创建，保证课程的模块能够顺利建构起来。
Responsible for working with the designer to ensure the design can be supported by the architecture.
负责与设计人员合作，确保设计能够支持整个技术结构。
Day-to-day responsibility for technical deliverables.
保证技术的可交付性。
Coordinate with AATS to ensure certification of the product.
与AATS人员合作保证产品符合标准。
Provide direction to System Test Coordinator to ensure a successful system test.
为系统测试人员提供指导，确保系统测试的成功。
Content Experts
内容专家
Has overall responsibility for ensuring that the Content delivered in the application meets the needs of the service line and users.
全权负责保证内容符合用户的需求，达到服务水准。
Responsible for providing detailed content (lowest level of detail) for all content within the application.
负责提供详细的内容。一直到最底层的详细内容。
Instructional Designer
教学设计人员
Work day-to-day on the creation of the product.
完成日常产品建设工作
During the design phases, work closely with the Lead Designer to design the details of the course.
在设计阶段，与首席设计紧密合作设计出课程的细节。
Assist with usability testing.
帮助进行可用性测试
Technical Developer(s)
技术开发人员
Work day-to-day on the creation of the product.
完成日常产品建设工作
During the development phase, work closely with the Lead Technical Architect to create the programming code necessary to implement the design.
在开发阶段，与首席技术架构紧密合作开发出实现设计的所有程序代码。
Usability Testing Consultant
可用性测试顾问
Plan and prepare for all usability tests including creation of all testing materials (i.e., prequestionnaire, tasks, post questionnaire, and debrief questions).
计划并准备所有的可用性测试，包括创建所有的测试材料（例如，预先调查表、任务、发布调查表，听取问题汇报）
Facilitate usability tests to gather feedback from users.
收集用户反馈，促进实用性测试
Formulate recommendations to address usability issues and communicate ideas to team.
就可用性方面的问题提供简要的建议，并与团队沟通意见。
System Testing Consultant
系统测试顾问
Plan and prepare for system testing.
计划并准备系统测试
Create system test conditions and scripts.
开发系统测试条件和脚本
Facilitate system testing sessions.
推动系统测试会议
Log SIRs and ensure they are addressed.
纪录统计资料，保证所有的内容都能被纪录。
Graphic Designer(s)
图形设计人员
Ensure graphical look of the tool is in compliance with Firm branding standards.
保证产品工具里的图形符合企业标识标准
Has responsibility for creating the "look-and-feel" of the product through all available media.
负责所有可用的媒介上的图形设计
Work with the designers and developers to offer advice and creative input in both the design and development of the product.
与设计和开发人员紧密合作，为产品的设计和开发提供建议。
Develop graphics.
开发图形。
Media Producer
媒体制作人员
Create all audio elements to be used in the product.
开发所有产品中使用的音频元素
Work closely with the designers and developers to ensure all elements meet design and technical standards.
与设计和开发人员紧密合作确保所有的元素都符合设计和技术标准。
Note: May not need this role if we decide to use Microsoft Agent to handle all audio.
提示：如果我们决定采用Microsoft Agent来处理所有的音频的话，可能就不需要此类人员。
Media Script Writer
媒体脚本编辑
Create all audio scripts.
开发所有音频脚本。
Has responsibility for the creative aspects of the scripts, including the creation of all character profiles, the tone and language of the characters, and the language consistency across all scripts.
负责脚本特征，包括所有角色的外形、口音以及语言，保证其一致性。
接下来，就是理论上的归纳总结了。
Managing the Project 项目管理类人员
分为：
Business management 商业管理人员
Project management 项目管理人员
Designing the Course 课程设计类人员
分为：
Overall design integration 总设计整合
Instructional design 教学设计
Software architecture 软件架构
User-interface design 用户界面设计
Subject matter expertise 学科问题专家
Knowledge of learners 学员知识水平（评测？）
Knowledge of buyers 客户知识水平（评测？）
Building Content 内容开发类人员
分为：
Course integration 课程整合
Writing 写作
Graphics 图形
Multimedia development 多媒体开发
HTML/XML coding HTML/XML语言开发
Browser scripting 浏览器脚本开发
Server scripting 服务器脚本开发
Content scripting 内容脚本开发
Providing the Technical Infrastructure 技术架构支持
分为：
Network engineering and administration 网络工程与管理
Server administration 服务器管理
Database connectivity 数据库连接
Technical support 技术支持
这么一整理，团队的岗位职责分工就清晰了，可是，分工之间的合作叙述还不够清晰。这就应用到下一篇理论文章。
Kruse K. (2002). The e-learning project team: Roles and responsibilities.
还没有翻译完，不过开篇就把我给逗乐了：
“在E-Learning发展的古代——换句话说就是80年代晚期至90年代早期——一个超级制作者独力完成高质量的学习程序开发是常见的事情。但是，现在要想这样做是越来越困难。
不管有多少劳动分工，团队成员通常喜欢承担多种工作任务。只有在最复杂的软件开发工作室里面才不允许团队成员负责几个部分的工作，不允许他们分担工作。一个制作者承担所有职责，从教学设计到艺术设计到程序开发，这种极端案例通常导致产品质量低下，制作时间延长，或者员工崩溃。”
看来，我们在E-Learning进化链上，好像还处于石器时代呢。有没有人能够提供一下新的例子，证明我们进化到了高级一点的阶段呢？
最早的帖子，比较简单，抛砖引玉，公司的E-Learning C/WBT团队分工情况：
Sponsor:
the person/department who requests the C/WBT. Has final say on C/WBT.
主办方：提出C/WBT需求的部门/人。对产品有最终决定权。
PCT (Process Control Team):
the team that will approve if this training need is appropriate for C/WBT -- or if another delivery method is more appropriate
PCT过程控制团队：该团队负责审批该培训需求是否适于采用C/WBT方式，或者其他的传播方式会更好？
Project Manager:
has overall responsibility to get the C/WBT done as requested, on time. Works with sponsor to set goals, deadlines for the C/WBT; lines up the ISD project team (SME, multi-media folks, designer, developer, IS teams, etc.)
项目经理：全权负责C/WBT项目能够按照要求及时完成。与主办方合作确定目标，项目计划日期，安排整个教学设计团队工作（SME学科问题专家、多媒体人员、设计人员、开发人员、信息服务人员等）
Subject Matter Expert: self-explanatory
学科问题专家：没什么可多说的
Designer: responsible for the ISD process (ADDIE)
设计人员：负责整个教学设计环节。
Developer: uses the storyboards to input the C/WBT into Flash
开发人员：根据脚本将内容转化成flash
Multimedia: works with designer to provide needed multimedia elements
多媒体工作人员：与设计人员合作提供多媒体元件的制作
IS (Information Services): numerous teams responsible for getting our C/WBTs published and maintained on the Intranet and / or CDs.
信息服务人员：大型的团队，负责局域网或者光盘上的C/WBT课程发布和维护。
接下来的回应比较精彩，这个回帖者公司的团队分工比较细致，职责表述得也比较清晰：
Project Sponsor
项目主办者：
Provide funding.提供资金
Review product at key points specified by the Project Manager and Sponsor Relationship Manager
审核由项目经理和客户关系经理提出的产品核心要点
Sponsor Relationship Manager
客户关系经理
Key contact with the Project Sponsor.
与项目主办者的主要联系人
Responsible for providing status updates to the Project Sponsor.
负责向项目主办者汇报项目进展状态。
Responsible for obtaining Project Sponsor input on all Change Orders.
负责从项目主办者处获得所有修改订单需要的投入。
Final sign-off to approve/reject Change Orders.
最终在批准/拒绝修改订单上签字。
Responsible for course rollout.
负责课程的公开展示
Responsible for project wrap-up.
负责项目总结
Responsible for transitioning course issues into potential future revisions and maintenance releases.
负责将课程内容转换成将来可能的修改以及维护更新。
Project Director
项目主管
Monitors overall project progress.
监督整个项目过程
Reviews product at key points in project specified by the Project Manager and Sponsor Relationship Manager.
审核由项目经理和客户关系经理提出的项目核心要点
Project Manager
项目经理
Overall responsibility for project activities and deliverables.
全权负责项目活动，保证项目保质保量如期交付。
Fulfills a Quality Assurance role making sure that all designers and developers are consistently adhering to standards and creating a coherent message.
保证所有的设计和开发人员协同工作，始终如一地坚持标准。
Responsible for providing status updates on project progress to the Sponsor Relationship Manager and Project Director. Involved in status updates/meetings with Project Sponsor as needed.
负责向客户关系经理和项目主管汇报项目进展状态的最新信息。如果有必要，要与项目主办者开会汇报。
Responsible for project workplan, timelines/deadlines and project budget.
负责制定项目工作计划、完成时间以及项目预算。
Monitors budget and ensures that project stays within scope/budget. Ensures that project stays on track in terms of timelines. Responsible for project status reporting.
监督预算使用情况，保证项目预算不超标。保证项目按照计划如期进行，负责汇报项目状态。
Responsible for Change Order Process whereby scope/design/content changes are documented and approved/rejected based on input from the Project Sponsor and Sponsor Relationship Manager.
负责修改订单程序，保证项目在范围/设计/内容上的变动与文档保持一致。根据项目主办者和客户关系经理的意见批准或者否决修改订单。
Has primary responsibility for the design and development of an instructionally sound roduct.
对设计和开发负主要责任，以保证产品的教学有效性。
Lead Instructional Designer
首席教学设计
Has primary responsibility to design an instructionally sound course.
对产品在设计上的教学有效性负主要责任。
Primary contact for the Content Experts.
与内容专家的主要联系人
Resolve content issues with Content Experts.
与内容专家合作解决所有内容上的问题
Work closely with the Content Experts and Lead Technical Architect to ensure that the design meets both content and technical requirements. Work day-to-day with the Designers and Developers to design all components of the product.
与内容专家和首席技术架构紧密合作保证设计能够满足内容和技术要求。与设计与开发人员一起工作，完成产品全部组件的设计工作。
Day-to-day responsibility for design deliverables.
保证设计的可交付使用。
Responsible for providing the Sponsor Relationship Manager and Project Manager with status updates on ID progress and design/scope issues.
负责向客户关系经理与项目经理汇报教学设计过程以及设计/范围方面的情况的最新进展。
Responsible for obtaining design input from Project Manager as appropriate.
在适当的时候向项目经理处获得设计投入。
Responsible for ensuring that the designers are adhering to project documentation standards.
负责保证设计人员的工作达到项目文档要求的标准。
Lead Technical Architect
首席技术架构
Has responsibility for designing and creating the technical architecture upon which the building blocks of the course can be built.
负责技术架构的设计和创建，保证课程的模块能够顺利建构起来。
Responsible for working with the designer to ensure the design can be supported by the architecture.
负责与设计人员合作，确保设计能够支持整个技术结构。
Day-to-day responsibility for technical deliverables.
保证技术的可交付性。
Coordinate with AATS to ensure certification of the product.
与AATS人员合作保证产品符合标准。
Provide direction to System Test Coordinator to ensure a successful system test.
为系统测试人员提供指导，确保系统测试的成功。
Content Experts
内容专家
Has overall responsibility for ensuring that the Content delivered in the application meets the needs of the service line and users.
全权负责保证内容符合用户的需求，达到服务水准。
Responsible for providing detailed content (lowest level of detail) for all content within the application.
负责提供详细的内容。一直到最底层的详细内容。
Instructional Designer
教学设计人员
Work day-to-day on the creation of the product.
完成日常产品建设工作
During the design phases, work closely with the Lead Designer to design the details of the course.
在设计阶段，与首席设计紧密合作设计出课程的细节。
Assist with usability testing.
帮助进行可用性测试
Technical Developer(s)
技术开发人员
Work day-to-day on the creation of the product.
完成日常产品建设工作
During the development phase, work closely with the Lead Technical Architect to create the programming code necessary to implement the design.
在开发阶段，与首席技术架构紧密合作开发出实现设计的所有程序代码。
Usability Testing Consultant
可用性测试顾问
Plan and prepare for all usability tests including creation of all testing materials (i.e., prequestionnaire, tasks, post questionnaire, and debrief questions).
计划并准备所有的可用性测试，包括创建所有的测试材料（例如，预先调查表、任务、发布调查表，听取问题汇报）
Facilitate usability tests to gather feedback from users.
收集用户反馈，促进实用性测试
Formulate recommendations to address usability issues and communicate ideas to team.
就可用性方面的问题提供简要的建议，并与团队沟通意见。
System Testing Consultant
系统测试顾问
Plan and prepare for system testing.
计划并准备系统测试
Create system test conditions and scripts.
开发系统测试条件和脚本
Facilitate system testing sessions.
推动系统测试会议
Log SIRs and ensure they are addressed.
纪录统计资料，保证所有的内容都能被纪录。
Graphic Designer(s)
图形设计人员
Ensure graphical look of the tool is in compliance with Firm branding standards.
保证产品工具里的图形符合企业标识标准
Has responsibility for creating the "look-and-feel" of the product through all available media.
负责所有可用的媒介上的图形设计
Work with the designers and developers to offer advice and creative input in both the design and development of the product.
与设计和开发人员紧密合作，为产品的设计和开发提供建议。
Develop graphics.
开发图形。
Media Producer
媒体制作人员
Create all audio elements to be used in the product.
开发所有产品中使用的音频元素
Work closely with the designers and developers to ensure all elements meet design and technical standards.
与设计和开发人员紧密合作确保所有的元素都符合设计和技术标准。
Note: May not need this role if we decide to use Microsoft Agent to handle all audio.
提示：如果我们决定采用Microsoft Agent来处理所有的音频的话，可能就不需要此类人员。
Media Script Writer
媒体脚本编辑
Create all audio scripts.
开发所有音频脚本。
Has responsibility for the creative aspects of the scripts, including the creation of all character profiles, the tone and language of the characters, and the language consistency across all scripts.
负责脚本特征，包括所有角色的外形、口音以及语言，保证其一致性。
接下来，就是理论上的归纳总结了。
Managing the Project 项目管理类人员
分为：
Business management 商业管理人员
Project management 项目管理人员
Designing the Course 课程设计类人员
分为：
Overall design integration 总设计整合
Instructional design 教学设计
Software architecture 软件架构
User-interface design 用户界面设计
Subject matter expertise 学科问题专家
Knowledge of learners 学员知识水平（评测？）
Knowledge of buyers 客户知识水平（评测？）
Building Content 内容开发类人员
分为：
Course integration 课程整合
Writing 写作
Graphics 图形
Multimedia development 多媒体开发
HTML/XML coding HTML/XML语言开发
Browser scripting 浏览器脚本开发
Server scripting 服务器脚本开发
Content scripting 内容脚本开发
Providing the Technical Infrastructure 技术架构支持
分为：
Network engineering and administration 网络工程与管理
Server administration 服务器管理
Database connectivity 数据库连接
Technical support 技术支持
这么一整理，团队的岗位职责分工就清晰了，可是，分工之间的合作叙述还不够清晰。这就应用到下一篇理论文章。
Kruse K. (2002). The e-learning project team: Roles and responsibilities.
还没有翻译完，不过开篇就把我给逗乐了：
“在E-Learning发展的古代——换句话说就是80年代晚期至90年代早期——一个超级制作者独力完成高质量的学习程序开发是常见的事情。但是，现在要想这样做是越来越困难。
不管有多少劳动分工，团队成员通常喜欢承担多种工作任务。只有在最复杂的软件开发工作室里面才不允许团队成员负责几个部分的工作，不允许他们分担工作。一个制作者承担所有职责，从教学设计到艺术设计到程序开发，这种极端案例通常导致产品质量低下，制作时间延长，或者员工崩溃。”
看来，我们在E-Learning进化链上，好像还处于石器时代呢。有没有人能够提供一下新的例子，证明我们进化到了高级一点的阶段呢？