使用nodejs搭建你自己的专属web聊天室

前言

前断时间在学习nodejs,自己闲来无事,在网上搜索了一些资料自己搭建了一个属于自己的web聊天室项目。现在把自己的开发过程和心得和大家分享,希望其中涉及到的一些知识对你有用。

项目开源地址:https://github.com/yunchen132/node-websocket-Chatroom

开发工具准备

安装nodejs,你可以在nodejs官网下载安装适合自己操作系统的版本。#nodejs官网
使用npm安装开发环境依赖。在这里我使用了express,socket.io模块。

功能介绍

  • 支持图片发送
  • 支持表情发送
  • 支持键盘回车发送信息
  • 支持在线用户统计和用户列表:

我的目录结构
使用nodejs搭建你自己的专属web聊天室_第1张图片
server.js代码:
var express = require('express'),
    app = express(),
    server = require('http').createServer(app),
    io = require('socket.io').listen(server),
    users = [];

app.use('/', express.static(__dirname + '/app'));

server.listen(process.env.PORT || 3000);
io.sockets.on('connection', function(socket) {
    //创建用户链接
    socket.on('login', function(user) {
        console.log(user);
        if (isHave(user)) {
            socket.emit('nickExisted');
        } else {
            var address=socket.handshake.address.address+":"+socket.handshake.address.port;
            user.address=address;
            socket.userIndex = users.length;
            socket.user = user;
            users.push(user);
            socket.emit('loginSuccess');
            io.sockets.emit('system', user,users, users.length, 'login');
        };
    });
    //用户注销链接
    socket.on('disconnect', function() {
        if (socket.user != null) {
            users.splice(socket.userIndex, 1);
            socket.broadcast.emit('system', socket.user,users,users.length, 'logout');
        }
    });
    //新建消息
    socket.on('postMsg', function(msg, color) {
        socket.broadcast.emit('newMsg', socket.user, msg, color);
    });
    //新建图片信息
    socket.on('img', function(imgData, color) {
        socket.broadcast.emit('newImg', socket.user, imgData, color);
    });
    //判断用户名是否存在
    function isHave(user) {
        var flag=false;
        for(var i=0;ilength;i++){
            if(users[i].nickName==user.nickName){
                flag=true;
                break;
            }
        }
        return flag;
    }
});
index.html代码:
html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <meta name="renderer" content="webkit">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
        <meta name="author" content="cleverqin">
        <meta name="description" content="Chat聊天室,使用nodejs和websocket构建的网页聊天室">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
        <title>Chat聊天室title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles/main.css">
        <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
    head>
    <body>
        <div class='chat-box'>
            <div class='user-box'>
                <div class='tag'>在线用户:div>
                <ul id='online-list'>ul>
            div>
            <div class="wrapper">
                <div class="banner">
                    <div class='chat-title'>欢迎进入Chat聊天室div>
                    <span id="status">span>
                div>
                <div id="historyMsg">div>
                <div class="controls" >
                    <div class="items">
                        <input id="colorStyle" type="color" placeHolder='#000' title="font color" />
                        <input id="emoji" type="button" value="表情" title="emoji" />
                        <label for="sendImage" class="imageLable">
                            <input type="button" value="图片"  />
                            <input id="sendImage" type="file" value=""/>
                        label>
                        <input id="clearBtn" type="button" value="清除聊天记录" title="clear screen" />
                    div>
                    <textarea id="messageInput" placeHolder="请输入消息.....">textarea>
                    <input id="sendBtn" type="button" value="发送">
                    <div id="emojiWrapper">
                    div>
                div>
            div>
        div>
        <div id="loginWrapper">
            <p id="info">链接服务器...p>
            <div id="nickWrapper" >
                <div class='login-form'>
                    <div class='form-group'>
                        <label>选择头像:label>
                        <div class="select-pic-box form-control">
                            <ul class="img-list">
                                <li class="checked"><img src="content/headPic/1.jpg">li>
                                <li><img src="content/headPic/2.jpg">li>
                                <li><img src="content/headPic/3.jpg">li>
                                <li><img src="content/headPic/4.jpg">li>
                                <li><img src="content/headPic/5.jpg">li>
                                <li><img src="content/headPic/6.jpg">li>
                                <li><img src="content/headPic/7.jpg">li>
                                <li><img src="content/headPic/8.jpg">li>
                                <li><img src="content/headPic/9.jpg">li>
                                <li><img src="content/headPic/10.jpg">li>
                            ul>
                        div>
                    div>
                    <div class='form-group'>
                        <label>填写昵称:label>
                        <div class='form-control'><input type="text" placeHolder="请输入你的昵称" id="nicknameInput" />div>
                    div>
                    <div class="form-group btn-box"><input type="button" value="确定" id="loginBtn" />div>
                div>
            div>
        div>
        <script src="scripts/jquery-1.11.1.min.js">script>
        <script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js">script>
        <script src="scripts/canvas.js">script>
        <script src="scripts/client.js">script>
    body>
html>
client.js代码
window.onload = function() {
    var hichat = new MyChat();
    hichat.init();
};
var MyChat = function() {
    this.socket = null;
};
MyChat.prototype = {
    init: function() {
        var that = this;
        var _pic=document.body.querySelectorAll("#nickWrapper .img-list li.checked img")[0].src;
        var curUser={
            nickName:"我",
            pic:_pic,
            address:""
        }
        this.socket = io.connect();
        this.socket.on('connect', function() {
            document.getElementById('info').textContent = '请输入一个昵称:';
            document.getElementById('nickWrapper').style.display = 'block';
            document.getElementById('nicknameInput').focus();
        });
        this.socket.on('nickExisted', function() {
            document.getElementById('info').textContent = '该昵称已被使用,请选用其他昵称';
        });
        this.socket.on('loginSuccess', function() {
            document.title = 'Chat聊天室 | ' + document.getElementById('nicknameInput').value;
            document.getElementById('loginWrapper').style.display = 'none';
            document.getElementById('messageInput').focus();
            curUser.nickName="我";
        });
        this.socket.on('error', function(err) {
            if (document.getElementById('loginWrapper').style.display == 'none') {
                document.getElementById('status').textContent = '链接失败!';
            } else {
                document.getElementById('info').textContent = '链接失败!';
            }
        });
        this.socket.on('system', function(user,users, userCount, type) {
            var msg = user.nickName + (type == 'login' ? ' 加入聊天室' : ' 离开聊天室');
            that._displayMsg(user, msg, 'red','sys');
            document.getElementById('status').innerHTML = "当前在线用户:"+userCount+"人";
            var listDiv=document.getElementById("online-list");
            var str="";
            for (var i=0;ilength;i++){
                str+="
  • "+users[i].nickName+"
  • "
    ; } listDiv.innerHTML=str; }); this.socket.on('newMsg', function(user, msg, color) { that._displayMsg(user, msg, color,"msg"); }); this.socket.on('newImg', function(user, img, color) { that._displayMsg(user,img,color,"img"); }); document.getElementById('loginBtn').addEventListener('click', function() { var nickName = document.getElementById('nicknameInput').value; var pic=document.body.querySelectorAll("#nickWrapper .img-list li.checked img")[0].src; if (nickName.trim().length != 0&&nickName.trim()!="我") { curUser={ nickName:nickName, pic:pic } that.socket.emit('login', curUser); } else { document.getElementById('nicknameInput').focus(); document.getElementById('info').textContent = '请输入昵称,昵称不能为空不能为’我'; }; }, false); document.getElementById('nicknameInput').addEventListener('keyup', function(e) { if (e.keyCode == 13) { var nickName = document.getElementById('nicknameInput').value; var pic=document.body.querySelectorAll("#nickWrapper .img-list li.checked img")[0].src; if (nickName.trim().length != 0) { curUser={ nickName:nickName, pic:pic } that.socket.emit('login', curUser); }; }; }, false); document.getElementById('sendBtn').addEventListener('click', function() { var messageInput = document.getElementById('messageInput'), msg = messageInput.value, color = document.getElementById('colorStyle').value; messageInput.value = ''; messageInput.focus(); if (msg.trim().length != 0) { that.socket.emit('postMsg', msg, color); that._displayMsg(curUser, msg, color,"msg"); return; }; }, false); document.getElementById('messageInput').addEventListener('keyup', function(e) { var messageInput = document.getElementById('messageInput'), msg = messageInput.value, color = document.getElementById('colorStyle').value; if (e.keyCode == 13 && msg.trim().length != 0) { messageInput.value = ''; that.socket.emit('postMsg', msg, color); that._displayMsg(curUser, msg, color,"msg"); }; }, false); document.getElementById('clearBtn').addEventListener('click', function() { document.getElementById('historyMsg').innerHTML = ''; }, false); document.getElementById('sendImage').addEventListener('change', function() { if (this.files.length != 0) { var file = this.files[0], reader = new FileReader(), color = document.getElementById('colorStyle').value; if (!reader) { that._displayMsg(curUser, '你的浏览器不支持文件读取!', 'red',"sys"); this.value = ''; return; }; reader.onload = function(e) { this.value = ''; that.socket.emit('img', e.target.result, color); that._displayMsg(curUser, e.target.result, color,"img"); }; reader.readAsDataURL(file); }; }, false); this._initialEmoji(); this.initSelectPic(); document.getElementById('emoji').addEventListener('click', function(e) { var emojiwrapper = document.getElementById('emojiWrapper'); emojiwrapper.style.display = 'block'; e.stopPropagation(); }, false); document.body.addEventListener('click', function(e) { var emojiwrapper = document.getElementById('emojiWrapper'); if (e.target != emojiwrapper) { emojiwrapper.style.display = 'none'; }; }); document.getElementById('emojiWrapper').addEventListener('click', function(e) { var target = e.target; if (target.nodeName.toLowerCase() == 'img') { var messageInput = document.getElementById('messageInput'); messageInput.focus(); messageInput.value = messageInput.value + '[emoji:' + target.title + ']'; }; }, false); }, //初始化表情 _initialEmoji: function() { var emojiContainer = document.getElementById('emojiWrapper'), docFragment = document.createDocumentFragment(); for (var i = 69; i > 0; i--) { var emojiItem = document.createElement('img'); emojiItem.src = '../content/emoji/' + i + '.gif'; emojiItem.title = i; docFragment.appendChild(emojiItem); }; emojiContainer.appendChild(docFragment); }, _displayMsg:function(user,msg,color,type) { var container = document.getElementById('historyMsg'), msgToDisplay = document.createElement('p'), date = new Date().toTimeString().substr(0, 8), msgDiv="", userDiv=""; msgToDisplay.style.color = color || '#000'; if(type=="sys"){ msgDiv=msg; msgToDisplay.className="sys"; msgToDisplay.innerHTML = "系统消息" + '(' + date + '): ' + msgDiv; }else if(type=="img"){ userDiv="
    "+user.nickName+"
    "
    if(user.nickName=="我"){ msgToDisplay.className="me"; userDiv="
    "+user.nickName+"
    "
    } msgDiv="
    "
    ; msgToDisplay.innerHTML =userDiv+ msgDiv; }else { msg = this._showEmoji(msg); msgDiv="
    "+msg+"
    "
    ; userDiv="
    "+user.nickName+"
    "
    if(user.nickName=="我"){ msgToDisplay.className="me"; userDiv="
    "+user.nickName+"
    "
    } msgToDisplay.innerHTML = userDiv + msgDiv; } container.appendChild(msgToDisplay); container.scrollTop = container.scrollHeight; }, //匹配表情信息 _showEmoji: function(msg) { var match, result = msg, reg = /\[emoji:\d+\]/g, emojiIndex, totalEmojiNum = document.getElementById('emojiWrapper').children.length; while (match = reg.exec(msg)) { emojiIndex = match[0].slice(7, -1); if (emojiIndex > totalEmojiNum) { result = result.replace(match[0], '[X]'); } else { result = result.replace(match[0], ''.gif" />'); }; }; return result; }, initSelectPic:function () { var imglist=document.body.querySelectorAll("#nickWrapper .img-list li"); $(imglist).on("click",function (e) { e.stopPropagation(); $(imglist).removeClass("checked"); $(this).addClass("checked"); }) } };

    项目启动

    1. 使用’npm‘安装项目依赖模块
    2. 使用’node server.js‘启动服务
    3. 最后打开浏览器访问 http://localhost:3000

    心得总结

    这是我使用了express作为服务器路由框架,socket.io构建socket服务器。这其中涉及的了一些socket知识的。在开发过程中也遇到了一些问题。在这里我并未对前端界面显示作优化,仅使用了jQuery进行dom更新。当然你也可以用react,angular,vue来构建的前端界面。当然这里你也可以实现聊天室的创建,单用户的链接服务,单用户之间的私聊功能。甚至创建一个在线的网页客服系统。这里你可以参考socket.io的更多知识。具体请参考socket.io文档

    项目截图

    使用nodejs搭建你自己的专属web聊天室_第2张图片
    使用nodejs搭建你自己的专属web聊天室_第3张图片
    最后希望我写的东西对大家有所帮助,感谢你的支持!

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