第九章：Rman 完全恢复
1、recover 恢复：
1）归档 ：完全恢复和不完全恢复
2）非归档：只能恢复到最后一次备份状态
2、完全恢复：
----先对数据库做冷备
RMAN> list backup;
RMAN> run {
2> shutdown immediate;
3> startup mount;
4> backup database format '/disk1/rman/prod/%d_%s.bak';
5> alter database open;
6> }
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
28 Full 589.39M DISK 00:00:50 18-AUG-11
BP Key: 28 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20110818T071905
Piece Name: /disk1/rman/prod/PROD_31.bak
List of Datafiles in backup set 28
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 1321672 18-AUG-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf
2 Full 1321672 18-AUG-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf
3 Full 1321672 18-AUG-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf
4 Full 1321672 18-AUG-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/index01.dbf
5 Full 1321672 18-AUG-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf
6 Full 1321672 18-AUG-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test01.dbf
7 Full 1321672 18-AUG-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undo_tbs01.dbf
8 Full 1321672 18-AUG-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test02.dbf
9 Full 1321672 18-AUG-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/cuug01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
29 Full 6.89M DISK 00:00:01 18-AUG-11
BP Key: 29 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20110818T072001
Piece Name: /disk1/recovery/prod/PROD/autobackup/2011_08_18/o1_mf_s_759482322_74sxc274_.bkp
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1321672 Ckp time: 18-AUG-11
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 18-AUG-11
案例1：数据库大部分datafile丢失（recover database，必须在mount下）
1）测试环境
07:21:12 SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
07:21:16 SQL>
07:21:16 SQL> select * from tab;
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
BONUS TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
SYS_TEMP_FBT TABLE
TEST TABLE
EMP1 TABLE
7 rows selected.
07:21:20 SQL> select * from test;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
16 rows selected.
07:21:27 SQL> insert into test select * from test;
16 rows created.
07:21:43 SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
07:21:45 SQL> select count(*) from test;
COUNT(*)
----------
32
07:21:50 SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
07:21:56 SQL>
07:22:03 SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ---------
1 1 8 52428800 1 NO CURRENT 1321561 18-AUG-11
2 1 7 52428800 1 YES INACTIVE 1321559 18-AUG-11
3 1 6 52428800 1 YES INACTIVE 1316062 18-AUG-11
07:22:09 SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
07:22:15 SQL>
07:22:15 SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
07:23:03 SQL> !
[oracle@work ~]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/*.dbf
2)启动database
[oracle@work ~]$ !sql
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Aug 18 07:23:17 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
07:23:17 SQL>
07:23:17 SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 314572800 bytes
Fixed Size 1219184 bytes
Variable Size 79693200 bytes
Database Buffers 230686720 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf'
07:23:25 SQL> select file#,error from v$recover_file;
FILE# ERROR
---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
1 FILE NOT FOUND
2 FILE NOT FOUND
3 FILE NOT FOUND
4 FILE NOT FOUND
5 FILE NOT FOUND
6 FILE NOT FOUND
7 FILE NOT FOUND
8 FILE NOT FOUND
9 FILE NOT FOUND
9 rows selected.
07:23:38 SQL>
3）利用rman 恢复database
[oracle@work ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Aug 18 07:24:09 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: PROD (DBID=170319990, not open)
RMAN> run {
2> startup force mount;
3> allocate channel c1 type disk;
4> allocate channel c2 type disk;
5> restore database;
6> recover database;
7> alter database open;
8> }
Oracle instance started
database mounted
Total System Global Area 314572800 bytes
Fixed Size 1219184 bytes
Variable Size 79693200 bytes
Database Buffers 230686720 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: sid=157 devtype=DISK
allocated channel: c2
channel c2: sid=154 devtype=DISK
Starting restore at 18-AUG-11
channel c1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/index01.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf
restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test01.dbf
restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undo_tbs01.dbf
restoring datafile 00008 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test02.dbf
restoring datafile 00009 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/cuug01.dbf
channel c1: reading from backup piece /disk1/rman/prod/PROD_31.bak
channel c1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/disk1/rman/prod/PROD_31.bak tag=TAG20110818T071905
channel c1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:57
Finished restore at 18-AUG-11
Starting recover at 18-AUG-11
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished recover at 18-AUG-11
database opened
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
RMAN>
告警日志信息：
Full restore complete of datafile 6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test01.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:00:01
checkpoint is 1321672
Full restore complete of datafile 8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test02.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:00:02
checkpoint is 1321672
Full restore complete of datafile 9 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/cuug01.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:00:01
checkpoint is 1321672
Thu Aug 18 07:25:40 2011
Full restore complete of datafile 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:00:16
checkpoint is 1321672
Full restore complete of datafile 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/index01.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:00:18
checkpoint is 1321672
Full restore complete of datafile 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:00:20
checkpoint is 1321672
Full restore complete of datafile 7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undo_tbs01.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:00:21
checkpoint is 1321672
Thu Aug 18 07:26:00 2011
Full restore complete of datafile 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:00:35
checkpoint is 1321672
Thu Aug 18 07:26:12 2011
Full restore complete of datafile 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf. Elapsed time: 0:00:47
checkpoint is 1321672
Thu Aug 18 07:26:20 2011
alter database recover datafile list clear
Thu Aug 18 07:26:20 2011
Completed: alter database recover datafile list clear
Thu Aug 18 07:26:21 2011
alter database recover datafile list
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9
Completed: alter database recover datafile list
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9
Thu Aug 18 07:26:21 2011
alter database recover if needed
start
Media Recovery Start
Thu Aug 18 07:26:21 2011
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 1 Seq 8 Reading mem 0
Mem# 0 errs 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo01.log
Thu Aug 18 07:26:22 2011
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 3 Seq 9 Reading mem 0
Mem# 0 errs 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo03.log
Thu Aug 18 07:26:22 2011
Media Recovery Complete (prod)
4）验证：
07:28:10 SQL> select count(*) from scott.test;
COUNT(*)
----------
32
案例2：
--------部分数据文件丢失，恢复数据文件（mount 或 open）
1）测试环境
07:30:40 SQL> create table test (id int) tablespace test;
Table created.
07:30:52 SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
07:30:57 SQL>
07:30:57 SQL> insert into scott.test values (1);
1 row created.
07:31:02 SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
07:31:04 SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
07:31:10 SQL> insert into scott.test values (2);
1 row created.
07:31:13 SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
07:31:15 SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
07:31:16 SQL> insert into scott.test values (3);
1 row created.
07:31:19 SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
07:31:20 SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
07:31:24 SQL> insert into scott.test values (4);
1 row created.
07:31:26 SQL> insert into scott.test values (5);
1 row created.
07:31:28 SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
07:31:30 SQL> select * from scott.test;
ID
----------
1
2
3
4
5
07:31:34 SQL>
07:31:34 SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
07:33:23 SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@work ~]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test0*.dbf
2）启动database
07:34:07 SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 314572800 bytes
Fixed Size 1219184 bytes
Variable Size 79693200 bytes
Database Buffers 230686720 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test01.dbf'
07:34:15 SQL> select file#,error from v$recover_file;
FILE# ERROR
---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
6 FILE NOT FOUND
8 FILE NOT FOUND
3）利用rman 恢复datafile
RMAN> run {
2> startup force mount;
3> sql 'alter database datafile 6,8 offline';
4> alter database open;
5> restore datafile 6,8;
6> recover datafile 6,8;
7> sql 'alter database datafile 6,8 online';
8> }
Oracle instance started
database mounted
Total System Global Area 314572800 bytes
Fixed Size 1219184 bytes
Variable Size 79693200 bytes
Database Buffers 230686720 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
sql statement: alter database datafile 6,8 offline
database opened
Starting restore at 18-AUG-11
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=146 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test01.dbf
restoring datafile 00008 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test02.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /disk1/rman/prod/PROD_31.bak
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/disk1/rman/prod/PROD_31.bak tag=TAG20110818T071905
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished restore at 18-AUG-11
Starting recover at 18-AUG-11
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archive log thread 1 sequence 8 is already on disk as file /disk1/arch/prod/arch_8_1_759396736.log
archive log thread 1 sequence 9 is already on disk as file /disk1/arch/prod/arch_9_1_759396736.log
archive log thread 1 sequence 10 is already on disk as file /disk1/arch/prod/arch_10_1_759396736.log
archive log thread 1 sequence 11 is already on disk as file /disk1/arch/prod/arch_11_1_759396736.log
archive log thread 1 sequence 12 is already on disk as file /disk1/arch/prod/arch_12_1_759396736.log
archive log thread 1 sequence 13 is already on disk as file /disk1/arch/prod/arch_13_1_759396736.log
archive log filename=/disk1/arch/prod/arch_8_1_759396736.log thread=1 sequence=8
archive log filename=/disk1/arch/prod/arch_9_1_759396736.log thread=1 sequence=9
archive log filename=/disk1/arch/prod/arch_10_1_759396736.log thread=1 sequence=10
archive log filename=/disk1/arch/prod/arch_11_1_759396736.log thread=1 sequence=11
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished recover at 18-AUG-11
sql statement: alter database datafile 6,8 online
RMAN>
4）验证：
[oracle@work ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Aug 18 07:37:17 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
07:37:18 SQL>
07:37:18 SQL> select * from scott.test;
ID
----------
1
2
3
4
5
07:37:23 SQL>
案例3：
----------表空间数据文件全部丢失，恢复数据文件（open）
1）测试环境
07:37:23 SQL> insert into scott.test values (6);
1 row created.
07:39:18 SQL> insert into scott.test values (7);
1 row created.
07:39:20 SQL> insert into scott.test values (8);
1 row created.
07:39:21 SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
07:39:23 SQL> select * from scott.test;
ID
----------
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
8 rows selected.
07:40:06 SQL>
----在open 状态下datafile 被破坏
[oracle@work ~]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test0*.dbf
[oracle@work ~]$
07:41:19 SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;
System altered.
07:41:25 SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
07:41:28 SQL>
07:41:28 SQL> insert into scott.test values (10);
insert into scott.test values (10)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 8
ORA-01110: data file 8: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test02.dbf'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
07:41:31 SQL>
3)利用rman 恢复
RMAN> run {
2> sql 'alter database datafile 6,8 offline';
3> restore datafile 6,8;
4> recover datafile 6,8;
5> sql 'alter database datafile 6,8 online';
6> }
4）验证
07:41:31 SQL> insert into scott.test values (10);
1 row created.
07:45:58 SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
07:46:01 SQL> select * from test;
ID
----------
10
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
10 rows selected.
07:46:04 SQL>