英语的时态是英语的难点,可是比汉语难多了,尤其对我们中国人,口语中不知道用什么时态,如果是写文章还好,可以慢慢斟琢,但是口语就会反应不过来。雅思口语考试常用到的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时。
表经常性习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。
1.主语+ be +其它(be动词用法;句式变换)
be: am ,are,is
2.主语+实义动词+其它(当主语为三单,注意动词的三单变化;句式变换)
have(有): have ,has(三单)
do: do, does(三单)
be: am (I),
are (You, They 复数) ,
is(三单)
I’m … | Am I …? | I’m not… |
---|---|---|
You’re … | Are you …? | You aren’t … |
They’re … | Are they …? | They aren’t… |
He’s … | Is he…? | He isn’t… |
She’s… | Is she…? | She isn’t… |
It’s … | Is it…? | It isn’t… |
have(有): have ,has(三单)
do: do, does(三单)
I 动原 … | Do I 动原…? | I don’t 动原… |
---|---|---|
You 动原 … | Do you 动原…? | You don’t 动原 … |
They 动原… | Do they 动原…? | They don’t 动原… |
He 三单 … | Does he 动原…? | He doesn’t 动原… |
She 三单… | Does she 动原…? | She doesn’t 动原… |
It 三单 … | Does it 动原.? | It doesn’t 动原… |
1.Every系列:every day, every year;
2.频度副词:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly,never;
3.其它:on Sundays, at times.
1.经常性习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态;
2.表永恒不变的事实和真理;
3.用于格言谚语;
表将来,即将要发生的动作或按计划将要发生的动作;
可用于if条件句,主将从现。
表过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
主语+ was/were +其它
主语+ V-ed+其它 (没有人称变化)
疑问句:Did + 主语… ? (没有人称变化)
否定句: 主语 + didn’t … (没有人称变化)
I was … | Was I …? | I wasn’t… |
---|---|---|
You were … | Were you …? | You weren’t … |
They were … | Were they …? | They weren’t… |
He’s … | Was he…? | He wasn’t… |
She’s… | Was she…? | She wasn’t… |
It’s … | Was it…? | It wasn’t… |
直去双变
不规则变化:
AAA cut—cut—cut,put,cost, read, let
ABB make—made—made, bring, buy, find
ABC go—went—gone, give, speak,see
ABA come, become
AAB beat–beat–beaten
AB can—could
Yesterday系列
Ago系列
Last系列
其它:in the old days, in 1998, in the past.
表将要发生的事情或动作。
主语+will+V原形
主语+be going to+ V原形
I/We+shall + V原形
注:will not = won’t
Tomorrow系列
Next系列
In2012,in the future (在将来), in future(从今往后)
Will & be going to
相同点:表即将要发生的动作时,可互换。
不同点:Be going to表有征兆的,又迹象可能要发生的;
Will表主观意愿做某事或不以意识为转移的客观事实。
e.g.It’s cloudy, it’s going to rain.乌云密布,天要下雨了。
Who can help me ? I will.谁来帮我一下?我来。
He will be 13 next week.他下周就13岁了。
注:可+主将从现(If she comes, I will tell her.)
用于正在进行或发生的动作或事情。
直去双变(die—dying,lie—lying, tie—tying系)
1.Now;
2.Look, Listen等铺垫句;
3.Atthe moment, at present.
1.当前一段时间内正在发生的动作。(this week, this month, these days)
e.g. I’m learning English these days.
2.表将来(表趋向性的动词,如来去等)
Come, go, arrive, leave, fly, stay, become等
e.g. I’m coming.我来了。
表过去某时间内正在进行或发生的动作。
过去的某个时间点:at that time/moment ,at 8 o’clock yesterday morning
表过去某段时间内一直进行的动作,常与last系列连用;
e.g. I was learning English last week.
2.与when/while/just as引导的时间状语连用(while后必须用过去进行时)
e.g. When I was having lunch, the telephone rang.
表示从过去某一时间看,将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
主语+ would+ V-原形
主语+ was/were going to + V-原形
I/We +should+ V-原形
1.在宾语从句中,当引导动词为过去式时,宾语从句由一般将来变为过去将来(所有的间接引语都是宾语从句);
e.g. He said he would come tomorrow.
2.用于if条件句
e.g. If I were you, I would not do that.
从过去某个不确定的时间开始,到现在为止已经完成的动作,并对现在造成一定的影响。
直去双变
不规则变化: AAA, ABB, ABC;
Already, just, yet.(前两者用于肯定句,后者用于疑问否定句中);
Ever(曾经),never(从不),置于have/has后;
e.g. Have you ever been to China?
I have never been to China before.
3.for+一段时间,since+时间点;
e.g. I have lived in London for 20 years.
I have lived inLondon since 1999.
4.so far, up to now, lately, recently.
1. Have been to和have gone to区别;
2. 瞬间动词用于现在完成时不能和一段时间连用,需用对应的延续性动词代替;
e.g. Where is the boss? He has left.
He has been away for 3 hours.
注:(Begin/start—be on; leave/go—be away; buy—have; borrow—keep; fall ill—be ill; put on—wear;die—be dead; join—be in.)
美国口语常用过去一般时代替表近距离的现在完成时, 如:
Didn’t you eat anything yet? 你还没吃吗?
=Haven’t you eaten anything yet?
What happened? 发生什么事了?
= What’s happened?
Who took my dictionary? 谁把我的词典拿走了?
=Who’s taken my dictionary?
表示一个动作在过去某一时间或某一动作前已经完成(即过去的过去)。
1. 直去双变
2. 不规则变化(AAA,ABB,ABC)
by+过去时间状语
(by yesterday, by the end of lastweek, by the time…,by then到那时)
e.g. He had finished his work by then.
1. 可与过去时间状语连用,常用after,before,when来连接。
e.g. After he had finished his homework, he went out.
2.过去完成时的意思,就是过去的某件是对过去的影响,had都要用的,already,yet等时间副词可以作为修饰或强调.
I had already learned this part before Mr.Green taught me.
Mr.Green 教我之前我已经知道这部分的内容了,意识是我已经知道(过去的事件),不用教了(影响)
3.有的时候也有用should, would等情态动词用来表示虚拟
I should have listened to you when I was answering this question我答这道题的时候真的应该听你的(就是说我之前我答题的时候没有听,现在感到后悔)
其实过去完成时基本上都在书面上讲故事时使用,日常口语里基本上用before等时间副词来达到表达过去完成时意思的目的……比如讲一件事,一般都是用好多过去式之间用before after连接的.
I washed my face before I went to bed.
从过去某个不确定时间开始,到现在已经完成,有可能继续下去。
e.g. I have been learning English for 20 years.
直去双变
So far, up till now, all night, all day, the whole day.
e.g. He has been writing the novel all night.