使用python远程操作linux服务器
摘要
功能：实现同时对多台linux服务器通过ssh执行同一命令。 技术基础: python pexpect，部支持windows。
目录[-]
概述
-
功能：实现同时对多台linux服务器通过ssh执行同一命令。
-
技术基础: python pexpect，部支持windows。
-
参数：
-
固定参数pwd：远程服务器密码，用户名目前写死是root，可自行修改。
-
可选参数-c CMDS：要执行的命令，比如："ls -l","cd /home/test && test.py&如果不选择，会从当前目前的cmd.txt读取。
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可选参数-s SERVERS：目标服务器，比如192.168.0.1,最后一位数可以用-表示一个区间，分号用于分割不同的ip。如果不选择，会从当前目前的ip.txt读取。
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主脚本
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#!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Author: Rongzhong Xu# CreateDate: 2014-05-06import argparseimport common# deal with argumentsparser = argparse.ArgumentParser()parser.add_argument('pwd', action="store",help=u'password')parser.add_argument('-c', dest='cmds', action="store", help=u'command')parser.add_argument('-s', dest='servers', action="store", help=u'hosts')parser.add_argument('--version', action='version',
version
=
'%(prog)s 1.1 Rongzhong xu 2014 05 08'
)options
=
parser.parse_args()servers
=
[]
if
options.servers:
raw_server
=
options.servers.split(
';'
)
for
server
in
raw_server:
if
'-'
in
server:
server_list
=
server.split(
'.'
)
base
=
'.'
.join(server_list[:
3
])
indices
=
server_list[
-
1
].split(
'-'
)
start, end
=
indices
for
item
in
range
(
int
(start),
int
(end)
+
1
):
servers.append(
'{0}.{1}'
.
format
(base,item))
else
:
servers.append(server)
else
:
for
item
in
open
(
'ip.txt'
):
servers.append(item)
cmds
=
[]
if
options.cmds:
cmds.append(options.cmds)
else
:
for
item
in
open
(
'cmd.txt'
):
servers.append(item)
for
host
in
servers:
print
print
(
"*"
*
80
)
print
(
"\nConnect to host: {0}"
.
format
(host))
c
=
common.Ssh()
c.connect(host,
'root'
,options.pwd)
for
item
in
cmds:
c.command(item)
c.close()
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ssh 登陆类库
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class
Ssh(
object
):
client
=
None
@
classmethod
def
connect(
cls
,ip,username
=
"root"
,password
=
"123456"
, prompt
=
']#'
,
silent
=
False
):
# Ssh to remote server
ssh_newkey
=
'Are you sure you want to continue connecting'
child
=
pexpect.spawn(
'ssh '
+
username
+
'@'
+
ip, maxread
=
5000
)
i
=
1
# Enter password
while
i !
=
0
:
i
=
child.expect([prompt,
'assword:*'
, ssh_newkey, pexpect.TIMEOUT,
'key.*? failed'
])
if
not
silent:
print
child.before,child.after,
if
i
=
=
0
:
# find prompt
pass
elif
i
=
=
1
:
# Enter password
child.send(password
+
"\r"
)
if
i
=
=
2
:
# SSH does not have the public key. Just accept it.
child.sendline (
'yes\r'
)
if
i
=
=
3
:
# Timeout
raise
Exception(
'ERROR TIMEOUT! SSH could not login. '
)
if
i
=
=
4
:
# new key
print
child.before,child.after,
os.remove(os.path.expanduser(
'~'
)
+
'/.ssh/known_hosts'
)
Ssh.client
=
child
@
classmethod
def
command(
cls
,cmd, prompt
=
']#'
, silent
=
False
):
Ssh.client.
buffer
=
''
Ssh.client.send(cmd
+
"\r"
)
#Ssh.client.setwinsize(400,400)
Ssh.client.expect(prompt)
if
not
silent:
print
Ssh.client.before, Ssh.client.after,
return
Ssh.client.before, Ssh.client.after
def
close(
cls
,):
Ssh.client.close()
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实例
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# ./batch.py -husage: batch.py [-h] [-c CMDS] [-s SERVERS] [--version] pwdpositional arguments: pwd password
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and
exit
-c CMDS
command
-s SERVERS hosts
--version show program's version number and
exit
# ./batch.py password -s "192.168.0.71-76;123.1.149.26" -c "cat /etc/redhat-release"
********************************************************************************
Connect to host: 192.168.0.71
Last login: Thu May 8 17:04:02 2014 from 183.14.8.49
[root@localhost ~ ]
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 5.8 (Final)
[root@localhost ~ ]
#
********************************************************************************
Connect to host: 192.168.0.72
Last login: Thu May 8 17:03:05 2014 from 192.168.0.232
[root@localhost ~ ]
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 5.8 (Final)
[root@localhost ~ ]
#
********************************************************************************
Connect to host: 192.168.0.73
Last login: Thu May 8 17:02:29 2014 from 192.168.0.232
[root@localhost ~ ]
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 5.8 (Final)
[root@localhost ~ ]
#
********************************************************************************
Connect to host: 192.168.0.74
Last login: Thu May 8 17:02:32 2014 from 192.168.0.232
[root@localhost ~ ]
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 5.8 (Final)
[root@localhost ~ ]
#
********************************************************************************
Connect to host: 192.168.0.75
[email protected]'s p assword:
Last login: Thu May 8 17:02:56 2014 from 192.168.0.232[root@localhost ~ ]
# cat /etc/redhat-releaseCentOS release 6.4 (Final)[root@localhost ~ ]#********************************************************************************
Connect to host: 192.168.0.76
Last login: Thu May 8 17:03:00 2014 from 192.168.0.232[root@localhost ~ ]
# cat /etc/redhat-releaseCentOS release 5.8 (Final)[root@localhost ~ ]#********************************************************************************
Connect to host: 123.1.149.26
Last login: Thu May 8 16:46:56 2014 from 183.56.157.199[root@LINUX ~ ]
# cat /etc/redhat-releaseRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago)[root@LINUX ~ ]#[root@AutoTest batch]#
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本文地址
-
http://automationtesting.sinaapp.com/blog/python_code_linux_control
-
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参考资料
-
英文文档主页：http://pexpect.readthedocs.org/en/latest/
-
库下载：https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pexpect/
-