编解码技术主要应用在网络传输中,将对象比如BOJO进行编解码以利于网络中进行传输。平常我们也会将编解码说成是序列化/反序列化
定义:当进行远程跨进程服务调用时,需要把被传输的java对象编码为字节数组或者ByteBuffer对象。而当远程服务读取到ByteBuffer对象或者字节数组时,需要将其解码为发送时的java对象。这被称为java对象编解码技术。比如java的序列化。
但是,java的序列化有一定的弊端;
- java序列化是java私有的协议,其他语言不支持,故而不能实现跨语言;
- 其次,序列化后的码流太大;
- 再次,序列化性能太低,耗时长。
因此,通常不会选择java序列化作为远程跨节点调用的编解码框架。
当前业界主流的编解码框架有:1)MessagePack高效的二进制序列化框架;2)Google 的Protobuf;3)Facebook的Thrift;4)JBoss Marshalliing
下面运行MessagePack的编解码
这个示例在权威指南上,作者并没有给出完整代码,本博主刚开始运行也没有运行出来,经过网络搜索,参考相关文章运行了出来,其中潜在存在着一些坑,运行中本博主也发现一些现象也总结出来。
一、首先我们需要引入相关jar包
1 <dependency> 2 <groupId>org.msgpackgroupId> 3 <artifactId>msgpackartifactId> 4 <version>0.6.11version> 5 6 dependency> 7
二、放上编解码代码,
坑一、一定要在继承的类后面加上泛型,这样,方法中的参数才能跟着发生变化
如过没有添加<>,则解码实现接口方法时直接生成的方法的参数如下:
编码代码
1 package com.messagePack; 2 3 import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; 4 import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; 5 import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder; 6 import org.msgpack.MessagePack; 7 8 public class MsgPackEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder
解码代码
1 package com.messagePack; 2 3 import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; 4 import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; 5 import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToMessageDecoder; 6 import org.msgpack.MessagePack; 7 8 import java.util.List; 9 10 public class MsgPackDecoder extends MessageToMessageDecoder{ 11 @Override 12 protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, ByteBuf byteBuf, List
如果实现的接口后面没有添加泛型
1 @Override 2 protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, Object o, List list) throws Exception { 3 4 }
不过经过实验,将接收到的Object进行转换后仍然可以,要记好netty接收和传递信息都是经过ByteBuf进行的
1 @Override 2 protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, Object o, List list) throws Exception { 3 ByteBuf byteBuf = (ByteBuf) o; 4 // 获取要解码的byte数组 5 final byte[] bytes; 6 final int length = byteBuf.readableBytes(); 7 bytes = new byte[length]; 8 byteBuf.getBytes(byteBuf.readerIndex(),bytes,0,length); 9 // 调用MessagePack 的read方法将其反序列化为Object对象 10 MessagePack msgPack = new MessagePack(); 11 list.add(msgPack.read(bytes)); 12 }
三、服务端代码
1 package com.messagePack; 2 3 import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; 4 import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; 5 import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; 6 import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; 7 import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; 8 import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; 9 import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; 10 import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel; 11 import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler; 12 13 public class EchoServer { 14 public void bind(int port) throws InterruptedException { 15 NioEventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); 16 NioEventLoopGroup workGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); 17 try { 18 ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); 19 b.group(bossGroup,workGroup) 20 .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) 21 .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG,1024) 22 .childHandler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)) 23 .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() { 24 @Override 25 protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception { 26 socketChannel.pipeline() 27 .addLast("decoder",new MsgPackDecoder()) 28 .addLast("encoder",new MsgPackEncoder()) 29 .addLast(new EchoServerHandler()); 30 } 31 }); 32 // 绑定端口,同步等待成功 33 ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync(); 34 // 等待服务端监听端口关闭 35 f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); 36 } finally { 37 bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); 38 workGroup.shutdownGracefully(); 39 } 40 } 41 public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { 42 int port = 8080; 43 if(args.length>0&&args!=null){ 44 port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); 45 } 46 new EchoServer().bind(port); 47 48 } 49 }
IO处理
1 package com.messagePack; 2 3 import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; 4 import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled; 5 import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; 6 import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; 7 8 import java.util.List; 9 10 public class EchoServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { 11 int count; 12 @Override 13 public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { 14 System.out.println("server receive the msgpack message : "+msg+""); 15 // 原路返回给客户端 16 ctx.writeAndFlush(msg); 17 /* 在EchoClientHandler中向服务端发送一个pojo对象,经过MessagePack编解码后, 18 在EchoServerHandler中的channelRead方法中打印的msg为pojo对象的toString方法内容, 19 不可以直接将msg转换为User,如果采用如下代码运行不成功*/ 20 /* Listusers = (List 21 System.out.println("到这里面来了,users是否为空:"); 22 System.out.println(users!=null); 23 for(User u : users){ 24 System.out.println("This is"+ ++count +" times server receive client request."+u); 25 ctx.write(u); 26 } 27 28 ctx.flush();*/ 29 } 30 31 @Override 32 public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { 33 ctx.flush(); 34 } 35 36 @Override 37 public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { 38 ctx.close(); 39 } 40 }) msg;
坑二、这里的坑比较大,在上述代码注释中已经说明了,下面运行结果是注释掉以上14~16行代码,放开20~28行代码时候运行结果,结果表明收到的消息转化为User数组时候,是空的,但是后台并没有报错,不知道为什么在我的IDEA上运行不下去但是不报错
四、客户端代码
1 package com.messagePack; 2 3 import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap; 4 import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; 5 import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled; 6 import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; 7 import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; 8 import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; 9 import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; 10 import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; 11 import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel; 12 import io.netty.handler.codec.DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder; 13 import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder; 14 15 public class EchoClient { 16 public void connection(int port,String host) throws InterruptedException { 17 NioEventLoopGroup workGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); 18 try { 19 Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap(); 20 b.group(workGroup) 21 .channel(NioSocketChannel.class) 22 .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY,true) 23 .option(ChannelOption.CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS,3000) 24 .handler(new ChannelInitializer() { 25 @Override 26 protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception { 27 socketChannel.pipeline().addLast("msgpack decoder",new MsgPackDecoder()) 28 .addLast("msgpack encoder",new MsgPackEncoder()) 29 .addLast(new EchoClientHandler()); 30 // 31 } 32 }); 33 // 发起异步连接操作 34 ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host,port).sync(); 35 // 等待客户端链路关闭 36 f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); 37 } finally { 38 workGroup.shutdownGracefully(); 39 } 40 } 41 public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { 42 int port = 8080; 43 if(args.length>0&&args!=null){ 44 System.out.println(args[0]); 45 port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); 46 } 47 new EchoClient().connection(port,"127.0.0.1"); 48 } 49 }
IO处理类
1 package com.messagePack; 2 3 import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; 4 import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; 5 6 public class EchoClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { 7 private int count; 8 9 @Override 10 public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { 11 /* User user = getUser(); 12 ctx.writeAndFlush(user);*/ 13 User[] users = getUsers(); 14 for(User u : users){ 15 ctx.write(u); 16 } 17 ctx.flush(); 18 } 19 20 @Override 21 public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { 22 System.out.println("this is client receive msg【 "+ ++count +" 】times:【"+msg+"】"); 23 if(count<5){ //控制运行次数,因为不加这个控制直接调用下面代码的话,客户端和服务端会形成闭环循环,一直运行 24 ctx.write(msg); 25 } 26 } 27 28 @Override 29 public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { 30 ctx.flush(); 31 } 32 33 @Override 34 public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { 35 ctx.close(); 36 } 37 private User[] getUsers(){ 38 User[] users = new User[5]; 39 for(int i=0;i<5;i++){ 40 User user = new User(); 41 user.setId(String.valueOf(i)); 42 user.setAge(18+i); 43 user.setName("张元"+i); 44 user.setSex("男"+String.valueOf(i*2)); 45 users[i]=user; 46 } 47 return users; 48 } 49 50 private User getUser(){ 51 User user = new User(); 52 user.setId("11"); 53 user.setAge(18); 54 user.setName("张元"); 55 user.setSex("男"); 56 return user; 57 } 58 }
五、User代码
坑三、要传输的javabean一定要加上注解@message
1 package com.messagePack; 2 3 import org.msgpack.annotation.Message; 4 5 @Message 6 public class User { 7 private String name; 8 private int age; 9 private String id; 10 private String sex; 11 12 public int getAge() { 13 return age; 14 } 15 16 public void setAge(int age) { 17 this.age = age; 18 } 19 20 public String getId() { 21 return id; 22 } 23 24 public void setId(String id) { 25 this.id = id; 26 } 27 28 public String getSex() { 29 return sex; 30 } 31 32 public void setSex(String sex) { 33 this.sex = sex; 34 } 35 36 public String getName() { 37 return name; 38 } 39 40 public void setName(String name) { 41 this.name = name; 42 } 43 44 @Override 45 public String toString() { 46 return "User{" + 47 "name='" + name + '\'' + 48 ", age=" + age + 49 ", id='" + id + '\'' + 50 ", sex='" + sex + '\'' + 51 '}'; 52 } 53 }
六、运行结果
客户端
服务端
七、上面运行的结果发现打印的数据都完全一样,这是因为没有考虑粘包/半包的处理,还不能正常工作,下面我们利用Netty的LengthFieldPrepender和LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder,来解决上述问题,这里只需要对客户端和服务端添加相关的处理类就可以了,改动代码如下:
客户端
1 .handler(new ChannelInitializer() { 2 @Override 3 protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception { 4 socketChannel.pipeline() 5 .addLast("frameDecoder",new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(65535, 6 0,4,0,4)) 7 .addLast("msgpack decoder",new MsgPackDecoder()) 8 .addLast("frameEncoder",new LengthFieldPrepender(4)) 9 .addLast("msgpack encoder",new MsgPackEncoder()) 10 .addLast(new EchoClientHandler()); 11 // 12 } 13 });
服务端
1 .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() { 2 @Override 3 protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception { 4 socketChannel.pipeline() 5 .addLast("framDecoder",new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(65535, 6 0,4,0,4)) 7 .addLast("decoder",new MsgPackDecoder()) 8 .addLast("frameEncoder",new LengthFieldPrepender(4)) 9 .addLast("encoder",new MsgPackEncoder()) 10 .addLast(new EchoServerHandler()); 11 } 12 });
其实两者改动的地方完全一样,下面看一下运行效果
客户端
服务端
这次运行结果显示的是0~5的数据,但是遗憾的是不知道为什么有重复了一下,而且之重复了部分的运行,暂时不理会。以后应用多了可能就明白了。或者有路过的朋友知道的留个言,谢谢!