简介
网络接口名称规则
Network interface names
Traditionally, network interfaces in Linux are enumerated as eth0, eth1, eth2, and so on. However, the mechanism which
sets these names can cause changes to which interface gets which name as devices are added and removed.
The default naming behavior in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 is to assign fixed names based on firmware, device topology,
and device type.
Interface names have the following characters:
Ethernet interfaces begin with en, WLAN interfaces begin with wl, and WWAN interfaces begin with ww.
The next character(s) represents the type of adapter with an o for on-board, s for hotplug slot, and p for PCI geographic location.
Not used by default but also available to administrators, an x is used to incorporate a MAC address.
Finally, a number N is used to represent an index, ID, or port.
If the fixed name cannot be determined, the traditional names such as ethN will be used.
For example, the first embedded network interface may be named eno1 and a PCI card network interface may be named enp2s0.
The new names make it easier to distinguish the relationship between a port and its name if the user knows both, but the
trade off is that users cannot assume a system with one interface calls that interface eth0.
NetworkManager服务
网络管理器（NetworkManager）是一个动态网络的控制器与配置系统，它用于当网络设备可用时保持设备和连接开启并激活
默认情况下，CentOS/RHEL 7 已安装网络管理器，并处于启用状态。
查看网络管理程序的状态：systemctl status NetworkManager
查看网络子管理程序的状态：systemctl status network
配置网络的工具
配置的方法，多种多样
1.图形
2.命令
命令行配置
配置文件：vim
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens32
命令行： nmcli
如果没有这个命令，可以执行安装 yum -y install NetworkManager
图形配置
简易图形： nmtui
图形界面：nm-connection-editor
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配置网络参数
配置IP
方法
1.配置网卡参数
先备份网卡配置文件，在修改
cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 .
命令行查看IP
ip a
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子网掩码:255.255.255.0
命令行查网关/默认路由:ip r
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命令行查dns:cat /etc/resolv.conf
[{"src":"xap:resources/5bb27f237516e169d965cb9c132d16f8c0f0e7e81732e45cd010590188c59cd7.png","width":400,"height":189}]
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
ONBOOT=yes //是否启用该设备
BOOTPROTO=none//手动(none/static)还是自动获取IP(dhcp)
IPADDR=192.168.142.131 //根据自动获取的地址进行配置
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 //子网掩码,用来定义网络，这台主机是192.168.142的网络
GATEWAY=192.168.142.2 //网关，也叫默认路由
DNS1=192.168.142.2 //域名解析。当你输入域名访问网站时，他告诉你IP地址。
网卡信息
NAME=ens33
UUID=d1769473-dc3c-4cf3-9158-8798994d24bb
DEVICE=ens33
//UUID不是网卡配置文件中必须的信息
#### 2.重启网络服务
systemctl restart network
#### 3.查看IP地址
ip a
## 主机名
改名方式1
查看主机名：
hostname
配置主机名
set-hostname qianfeng.example.com
退出shell即可生效
改名方式2
查看和配置主机名： cat /etc/hostname，vim /etc/hostname
重启生效：init 6网络测试工具
测试工具
ip a //查看所有IP（ifconfig）
ip route //查看路由，查看网关
ip neigh //（了解）另一台主机ping通，查看邻居
ping 127.0.0.1
ports and services
安装示例服务
yum -y install httpd
systemctl start httpd
端口号
是一段数字：0-65536
每一个服务程序，对应一到多个数字。
通过检查端口号，确认服务是否提供
Show TCP sockets
ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 :80 :*
ss -tna
重要的是要知道端口的概念和查看的方法
初始化服务器
最小化安装
系统类型
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兼容程序
开发包
1.为你的服务器配置root 密码。
2.配置IP地址（NAT）自动获取
3.配置YUM 源
4.关防火墙
停止防火墙：systemctl stop firewalld
5.selinux
查看selinux：getenforce
enforcing 开启（会阻止你的程序）
permissive 开启放行
disabled 禁用
临时关闭：setenforce 0
永久关闭:
vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=disabled
6.安装常用程序
yum install -y lrzsz sysstat elinks wget net-tools bash-completion vim
上传下载工具 系统状态 字符浏览器 下载工具 网络工具 自动补全
7.关机快照