Python第三方库安装时遇到的问题

First

You should consider upgrading via the ‘python -m pip install --upgrade pip’ command.

原因：按我的理解应该是需要升级pip这个工具需要升级
解决方法：python -m pip install --upgrade pip

Second

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 331, in _error_catcher

    yield

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 413, in read

    data = self._fp.read(amt)

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", line 62, in read

    data = self.__fp.read(amt)

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\http\client.py", line 447, in read

    n = self.readinto(b)

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\http\client.py", line 491, in readinto

    n = self.fp.readinto(b)

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\socket.py", line 589, in readinto

    return self._sock.recv_into(b)

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\ssl.py", line 1049, in recv_into

    return self.read(nbytes, buffer)

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\ssl.py", line 908, in read

    return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)

socket.timeout: The read operation timed out

 

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

 

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 143, in main

    status = self.run(options, args)

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\install.py", line 318, in run

    resolver.resolve(requirement_set)

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolve.py", line 102, in resolve

    self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req)

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolve.py", line 256, in _resolve_one

    abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install)

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolve.py", line 209, in _get_abstract_dist_for

    self.require_hashes

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 283, in prepare_linked_requirement

    progress_bar=self.progress_bar

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 836, in unpack_url

    progress_bar=progress_bar

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 673, in unpack_http_url

    progress_bar)

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 897, in _download_http_url

    _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar)

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 617, in _download_url

    hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\hashes.py", line 48, in check_against_chunks

    for chunk in chunks:

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 585, in written_chunks

    for chunk in chunks:

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\ui.py", line 159, in iter

    for x in it:

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 574, in resp_read

    decode_content=False):

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 465, in stream

    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 430, in read

    raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\contextlib.py", line 130, in __exit__

    self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)

  File "C:\Users\yuwenhao\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 336, in _error_catcher

    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')

pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.

可能看到这一大串你懵了，好像是其中的一个文件出了什么问题一样，其实只需要注意最后一句话，
Read time out 就是超时了，应该就是网速不行，在一定时间内没下完。去一个网络比较好的地方肯定是一个不错的选择，如果网足够好，下面两种方法：
解决方法：
1、
① pip --default-timeout=100 install -U pip（好像是更新pip的）
②pip --default-timeout=100 install -U +库名（各种库）

这个100 就是可以自己改的一个值，用来规定时间限制。
2、可以从网上找一下下载所需库的镜像地址
pip install pyinstaller -i https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple 这是 pyinstaller库
pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple jieba 这是jieba库的国内镜像
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42251246/article/details/90343307?utm_source=app

Third

这个三比较杂：就是一些我还没遇到但是在解决自己问题中，同学和网上的其他方法
1.处理这个错误时
You should consider upgrading via the ‘pip install --upgrade pip’ command.

按照要求执行pip install --upgrade pip依旧失败，后来发现是没有管理员权限的原因，右键以管理员身份运行就可以了。
2.
安装pyinstaller首先要安装pywin32，在cmd中
pip install pywin32
3.还有涉及到权限问题：可以去这个博客中寻找问题
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_15904867/article/details/84191983
鄙人也是小白，只是把自己的理解写出来，尽量帮助其他人别走弯路，如有错误，非常感谢大佬指出错误