阿里云服务器使用二进制方式安装Mariadb
软件包的安装方式有三种：源码包编译安装、二进制包安装、rpm包安装。这三种安装方法都各有优劣。RPM安装：适合小环境，核心功能都具备，快速搭建环境，但它的版本一般都不会太高；二进制安装：它是发布出来时预先编译过的，既避免了编译的麻烦，又提供了增强功能；源码包编译安装：它的要求高，要有编译环境，编译时可指定几乎所有选项，根据需求进行定制，可满足你的所有选择。
由于centos7系统RPM包自带Mariadb包版本过低，不适合学习使用，因此今天就通过二进制包安装的方式来解决版本问题。
安装步骤如下：
1，下载二进制包；
2，解压到安装目录，安装相应的依赖包；
3、准备配置文件；
4、设置启动服务项；
5、测试是否可以正常的登录；
6、数据库安全加固；
7、安全初始化；
安装过程如下：
1，下载二进制包：
二进制包的下载可以从官方网站下载，也可以从国内清华大学官网下载，下载地址如下：
- 项目官方：https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
- 国内镜像：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/
这里下载的Mariadb包的版本为mariadb-10.2.23-linux-x86_64.tar.gz。
2，解压到安装目录，安装相应的依赖包：
（1）安装相应的依赖包：
-
[root@localhost ~]#
yum
-ql
libaio-devel
numactl-devel #环境依赖包
-
-
[root@localhost ~]#
yum
install
lrzsz-0
.12
.20-36
.el7
.x86_64 #负责文件的上传和下载
（2）创建mysql用户，创建/data/mysql文件夹，计划将数据库安装到/data/mysql文件夹下面：
-
# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /
data/mysql mysql #创建mysql的系统账号，
-
指定shell类型为nologin,指定安装目录为/
data/mysql
（3）将下载的二进制包进行解压，解压到/usr/local/目录下面：
#tar xvf mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ #注意一定要将包解压到/usr/local/目录下面。
3、准备配置文件：
（1）将解压到/usr/local的创建软连接并修改权限：
-
[root@host7
local]
# ln -s mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64/ mysql
-
-
[root@localhost
local]
# ll
-
-
lrwxrwxrwx
1 root root
29 Jul
3
22:
28 mysql -> mariadb-
10.2.
25-linux-x86_64/
-
-
[root@localhost
local]
#chown -R root.root mysql/ #将文件夹的权限修改为root
-
-
[root@localhost mysql]
# ll
-
total
176
-
drwxr-xr-
x
2 root root
4096 Jul
4 09:
06 bin
-
-rw-r--r--
1 root root
17987 Jun
15
02:
29 COPYING
-
-rw-r--r--
1 root root
2354 Jun
15
02:
29 CREDITS
-
drwxrwxr-
x
3 root root
18 Jun
15
23:
35 data
-
-rw-r--r--
1 root root
8245 Jun
15
02:
29 EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT
-
drwxrwxr-
x
3 root root
19 Jun
15
23:
35 include
-
-rw-r--r--
1 root root
8694 Jun
15
02:
29 INSTALL-BINARY
-
drwxr-xr-
x
5 root root
335 Mar
15
01:
07 lib
-
drwxrwxr-
x
4 root root
30 Jun
15
23:
35 man
-
drwxrwxr-
x
11 root root
4096 Jun
15
23:
35 mysql-test
-
-rw-r--r--
1 root root
2843 Jun
15
02:
29 README.md
-
-rw-r--r--
1 root root
19477 Jun
15
02:
29 README-wsrep
-
drwxrwxr-
x
2 root root
30 Jul
3
22:
50 scripts
-
drwxrwxr-
x
32 root root
4096 Jun
15
23:
35 share
-
drwxrwxr-
x
4 root root
4096 Jun
15
23:
35 sql-bench
-
drwxrwxr-
x
3 root root
275 Jun
15
23:
35 support-files
-
-rw-r--r--
1 root root
86263 Jun
15
02:
29 THIRDPARTY
(2)进入/mysql/scripts 目录，运行里面的 脚本，设置数据库在哪个目录创建：
-
数据库创建脚本：
-
-
[root@localhost mysql]
# cd scripts/
-
[root@localhost scripts]
# ll
-
total
20
-
-rwxr-xr-
x
1 root root
19257 Jun
15
02:
34 mysql_install_db
#运行该脚本可创建数据库
-
-
注意运行该目录使用相对路径的方法，否者运行过程会报错：
-
-
[root@localhost mysql]
# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql #指定安装路径为/data/myssql,以mysql的用户进行运行。
（3）将 /usr/local/mysql/suppert-files/my-huge.cnf文件下数据库配置大小文件拷贝到/data/mysql/my.cnf目录下并修改路径：
-
将包内配置文件拷贝到指定目录下，并修改文件名称：
-
[root@localhost ~]
# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
-
-
修改/etc/myaql/my.cnf文件：
-
-
[root@localhost ~]
# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
-
-
# The MySQL server
-
[mysqld]
-
datadir=
/data/mysql
#将路径修改为/data/mysql
-
port =
3306
-
socket =
/tmp/mysql.sock
-
4，设置启动服务项：
（1） 将/usr/local/mysql/suppert-files下的mysql.server 拷贝到 /etc/init.d/mysql目录下，并设置成启动服务项：
-
[root@localhost ~]
# cp /usr/local/mysql//support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
-
-
检查服务项，没有Mysqldq启动服务：
-
[root@localhost ~]
# chkconfig --list
-
-
Note: This output shows SysV services only
and does
not include native
-
systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden
by native
-
systemd configuration.
-
-
If you want
to list systemd services use
'systemctl list-unit-files'.
-
To see services enabled
on particular target use
-
'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
-
-
netconsole
0:
off
1:
off
2:
off
3:
off
4:
off
5:
off
6:
off
-
network
0:
off
1:
off
2:
on
3:
on
4:
on
5:
on
6:
off
-
-
将mysqld的服务项加入到服务启动脚本里：
-
[root@localhost ~]
# chkconfig --add mysqld
-
-
启动mysql服务：
-
[root@localhost ~]
# service mysqld start
-
-
[root@localhost ~]
# chkconfig --list
-
-
Note: This output shows SysV services only
and does
not include native
-
systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden
by native
-
systemd configuration.
-
-
If you want
to list systemd services use
'systemctl list-unit-files'.
-
To see services enabled
on particular target use
-
'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
-
-
mysqld
0:
off
1:
off
2:
on
3:
on
4:
on
5:
on
6:
off
#服务已经启动
-
netconsole
0:
off
1:
off
2:
off
3:
off
4:
off
5:
off
6:
off
-
network
0:
off
1:
off
2:
on
3:
on
4:
on
5:
on
6:
off
（2）将Mysql的bin路径添加到全局路径下，并使其生效：
-
[root@localhost mysql]
# echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh #将路径添加到全局路径下。
-
-
[root@localhost mysql]
# . etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 使该设置生效
-
-
5，测试是否可以正常的登录：
-
# mysql
-
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands
end with ;
or \g.
-
Your MariaDB connection id is
34
-
Server
version:
10.2.
25-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
-
-
Copyright (c)
2000,
2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab
and others.
-
-
Type
'help;'
or
'\h'
for help. Type
'\c' to clear the current input statement.
-
-
MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> create database testdb;
#测试创建数据库；
-
-
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
-
+--------------------+
-
| Database |
-
+--------------------+
-
| db1 |
|
-
| information_schema
|
-
| mysql
|
-
| performance_schema
|
-
| testdb
|
-
+--------------------+
-
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-
-
6，数据库安全初始化：
-
使用 /usr/local/mysql/bin 下面的mysql_secure_installation脚本进行安全加固：
-
[root@localhost ~]
# mysql_secure_installation
-
-
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS
OF THIS SCRIPT
IS RECOMMENDED
FOR ALL MariaDB
-
SERVERS
IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ
EACH
STEP CAREFULLY!
-
-
In
order
to log
into MariaDB
to secure it, we
'll need the current
-
password
for the root user.
If you
've just installed MariaDB, and
-
you haven
't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
-
so you should just press enter here.
-
-
Enter current password
for root (enter
for none): 输入新密码，并确认新密码，后面选项采用默认即可。
7，测试登陆：
-
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p #测试是否可用密码正确登陆
-
Enter password:
-
Welcome
to the MariaDB monitor. Commands
end
with ;
or \g.
-
Your MariaDB connection id
is
10
-
Server version:
10.2.
25-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
-
-
Copyright (c)
2000,
2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab
and others.
-
-
Type
'help;'
or
'\h'
for help.
Type
'\c'
to clear the current input statement.
-
-
MariaDB [(none)]>
至此，Mariadb的二进制安装过程已经完成，可以使用该数据库了。
