xfs文件系统的备份和恢复
首先了解一下xfsdump的备份级别有以下两种：0，代表完整备份；1~9，代表增量备份。默认为0（即完全备份）。
备份
先确定/boot是独立文件系统
# df -h /boot/
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 1014M 146M 869M 15% /boot
# yum -y install xfsdump
全备文件系统
# xfsdump -l 0 -L boot_all -M boot_all -f /srv/boot.dump /boot
xfsdump: using file dump (drive_simple) strategy
xfsdump: version 3.1.7 (dump format 3.0) - type ^C for status and control
xfsdump: level 0 dump of localhost.localdomain:/boot
xfsdump: dump date: Sun Mar 22 14:04:00 2020
xfsdump: session id: 05f1d5dc-b2dc-4dcb-a02f-bdc6a27a60d1
xfsdump: session label: "boot_all"
xfsdump: ino map phase 1: constructing initial dump list
xfsdump: ino map phase 2: skipping (no pruning necessary)
xfsdump: ino map phase 3: skipping (only one dump stream)
xfsdump: ino map construction complete
xfsdump: estimated dump size: 118228544 bytes
xfsdump: /var/lib/xfsdump/inventory created
xfsdump: creating dump session media file 0 (media 0, file 0)
xfsdump: dumping ino map
xfsdump: dumping directories
xfsdump: dumping non-directory files
xfsdump: ending media file
xfsdump: media file size 117895032 bytes
xfsdump: dump size (non-dir files) : 117662128 bytes
xfsdump: dump complete: 3 seconds elapsed
xfsdump: Dump Summary:
xfsdump: stream 0 /srv/boot.dump OK (success)
xfsdump: Dump Status: SUCCESS
# ll /srv/
total 115132
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 117895032 Mar 22 14:04 boot.dump
备份后会有文件产生：
# ll /var/lib/xfsdump/inventory/
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 312 Mar 22 14:04 7e3c8d7e-bed2-43b3-8014-36cc39aad1c9.InvIndex
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5080 Mar 22 14:04 ebc8b723-ae66-42ec-a4c1-2577d5b06113.StObj
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 576 Mar 22 14:04 fstab
进行增量备份：
查看是否有文件系统被dump过
# xfsdump -I
file system 0:
fs id: 7e3c8d7e-bed2-43b3-8014-36cc39aad1c9
session 0:
mount point: localhost.localdomain:/boot
device: localhost.localdomain:/dev/sda1
time: Sun Mar 22 14:04:00 2020
session label: "boot_all"
session id: 05f1d5dc-b2dc-4dcb-a02f-bdc6a27a60d1
level: 0
resumed: NO
subtree: NO
streams: 1
stream 0:
pathname: /srv/boot.dump
start: ino 69 offset 0
end: ino 1572934 offset 0
interrupted: NO
media files: 1
media file 0:
mfile index: 0
mfile type: data
mfile size: 117895032
mfile start: ino 69 offset 0
mfile end: ino 1572934 offset 0
media label: "boot_all"
media id: 785b8a80-9731-4fb6-a507-916148d55515
xfsdump: Dump Status: SUCCESS
产生一个文件：
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/boot/test.img bs=1M count=10
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
10485760 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.102524 s, 102 MB/s
创建差异备份：
# xfsdump -l 1 -L boot_2 -M boot_2 -f /srv/boot.dump1 /boot
xfsdump: using file dump (drive_simple) strategy
xfsdump: version 3.1.7 (dump format 3.0) - type ^C for status and control
xfsdump: WARNING: most recent level 1 dump was interrupted, but not resuming that dump since resume (-R) option not specified
xfsdump: level 1 incremental dump of localhost.localdomain:/boot based on level 0 dump begun Sun Mar 22 14:04:00 2020
xfsdump: dump date: Sun Mar 22 14:10:05 2020
xfsdump: session id: 62b554c6-e17b-454f-b75a-684b8cfba2da
xfsdump: session label: "boot_2"
xfsdump: ino map phase 1: constructing initial dump list
xfsdump: ino map phase 2: pruning unneeded subtrees
xfsdump: ino map phase 3: skipping (only one dump stream)
xfsdump: ino map construction complete
xfsdump: estimated dump size: 10506880 bytes
xfsdump: creating dump session media file 0 (media 0, file 0)
xfsdump: dumping ino map
xfsdump: dumping directories
xfsdump: dumping non-directory files
xfsdump: ending media file
xfsdump: media file size 10510952 bytes
xfsdump: dump size (non-dir files) : 10488352 bytes
xfsdump: dump complete: 0 seconds elapsed
xfsdump: Dump Summary:
xfsdump: stream 0 /srv/boot.dump1 OK (success)
xfsdump: Dump Status: SUCCESS
查看是否有记录level 1时间点
# xfsdump -I
file system 0:
fs id: 7e3c8d7e-bed2-43b3-8014-36cc39aad1c9
session 0:
mount point: localhost.localdomain:/boot
device: localhost.localdomain:/dev/sda1
time: Sun Mar 22 14:04:00 2020
session label: "boot_all"
session id: 05f1d5dc-b2dc-4dcb-a02f-bdc6a27a60d1
level: 0
resumed: NO
subtree: NO
streams: 1
stream 0:
pathname: /srv/boot.dump
start: ino 69 offset 0
end: ino 1572934 offset 0
interrupted: NO
media files: 1
media file 0:
mfile index: 0
mfile type: data
mfile size: 117895032
mfile start: ino 69 offset 0
mfile end: ino 1572934 offset 0
media label: "boot_all"
media id: 785b8a80-9731-4fb6-a507-916148d55515
session 1:
mount point: localhost.localdomain:/boot
device: localhost.localdomain:/dev/sda1
time: Sun Mar 22 14:09:45 2020
session label: "boot_2"
session id: 4830eb06-2f41-4534-9adf-1b886c2ae58f
level: 1
resumed: NO
subtree: NO
streams: 1
stream 0:
pathname: /srv/boot.dump
start: ino 0 offset 0
end: ino 0 offset 0
interrupted: YES
media files: 0
session 2:
mount point: localhost.localdomain:/boot
device: localhost.localdomain:/dev/sda1
time: Sun Mar 22 14:10:05 2020
session label: "boot_2"
session id: 62b554c6-e17b-454f-b75a-684b8cfba2da
level: 1
resumed: NO
subtree: NO
streams: 1
stream 0:
pathname: /srv/boot.dump1
start: ino 79 offset 0
end: ino 80 offset 0
interrupted: NO
media files: 1
media file 0:
mfile index: 0
mfile type: data
mfile size: 10510952
mfile start: ino 79 offset 0
mfile end: ino 80 offset 0
media label: "boot_2"
media id: 00d1fcb3-31ba-4d24-81e0-a41d18cb8141
xfsdump: Dump Status: SUCCESS
还原：
查看备份
# xfsrestore -I
file system 0:
fs id: 7e3c8d7e-bed2-43b3-8014-36cc39aad1c9
session 0:
mount point: localhost.localdomain:/boot
device: localhost.localdomain:/dev/sda1
time: Sun Mar 22 14:04:00 2020
session label: "boot_all"
session id: 05f1d5dc-b2dc-4dcb-a02f-bdc6a27a60d1
level: 0
resumed: NO
subtree: NO
streams: 1
stream 0:
pathname: /srv/boot.dump
start: ino 69 offset 0
end: ino 1572934 offset 0
interrupted: NO
media files: 1
media file 0:
mfile index: 0
mfile type: data
mfile size: 117895032
mfile start: ino 69 offset 0
mfile end: ino 1572934 offset 0
media label: "boot_all"
media id: 785b8a80-9731-4fb6-a507-916148d55515
session 1:
mount point: localhost.localdomain:/boot
device: localhost.localdomain:/dev/sda1
time: Sun Mar 22 14:09:45 2020
session label: "boot_2"
session id: 4830eb06-2f41-4534-9adf-1b886c2ae58f
level: 1
resumed: NO
subtree: NO
streams: 1
stream 0:
pathname: /srv/boot.dump
start: ino 0 offset 0
end: ino 0 offset 0
interrupted: YES
media files: 0
session 2:
mount point: localhost.localdomain:/boot
device: localhost.localdomain:/dev/sda1
time: Sun Mar 22 14:10:05 2020
session label: "boot_2"
session id: 62b554c6-e17b-454f-b75a-684b8cfba2da
level: 1
resumed: NO
subtree: NO
streams: 1
stream 0:
pathname: /srv/boot.dump1
start: ino 79 offset 0
end: ino 80 offset 0
interrupted: NO
media files: 1
media file 0:
mfile index: 0
mfile type: data
mfile size: 10510952
mfile start: ino 79 offset 0
mfile end: ino 80 offset 0
media label: "boot_2"
media id: 00d1fcb3-31ba-4d24-81e0-a41d18cb8141
xfsrestore: Restore Status: SUCCESS
还原至/tmp/boot
# mkdir /tmp/boot
# xfsrestore -f /srv/boot.dump -L boot_all /tmp/boot
xfsrestore: using file dump (drive_simple) strategy
xfsrestore: version 3.1.7 (dump format 3.0) - type ^C for status and control
xfsrestore: using online session inventory
xfsrestore: searching media for directory dump
xfsrestore: examining media file 0
xfsrestore: reading directories
xfsrestore: 9 directories and 324 entries processed
xfsrestore: directory post-processing
xfsrestore: restoring non-directory files
xfsrestore: restore complete: 2 seconds elapsed
xfsrestore: Restore Summary:
xfsrestore: stream 0 /srv/boot.dump OK (success)
xfsrestore: Restore Status: SUCCESS
未还原增量备份：
# diff -r /boot /tmp/boot
Only in /boot: test.img
仅还原备份中间中grub2：
# mkdir /tmp/boot1
还原操作
# xfsrestore -f /srv/boot.dump -L boot_all -s grub2 /tmp/boot1
xfsrestore: using file dump (drive_simple) strategy
xfsrestore: version 3.1.7 (dump format 3.0) - type ^C for status and control
xfsrestore: using online session inventory
xfsrestore: searching media for directory dump
xfsrestore: examining media file 0
xfsrestore: reading directories
xfsrestore: 9 directories and 324 entries processed
xfsrestore: directory post-processing
xfsrestore: restoring non-directory files
xfsrestore: restore complete: 0 seconds elapsed
xfsrestore: Restore Summary:
xfsrestore: stream 0 /srv/boot.dump OK (success)
xfsrestore: Restore Status: SUCCESS
# ll /tmp/boot1/
total 0
drwx------. 5 root root 97 Jun 17 2019 grub2
还原增量备份：
# xfsrestore -f /srv/boot.dump1 /tmp/boot
xfsrestore: using file dump (drive_simple) strategy
xfsrestore: version 3.1.7 (dump format 3.0) - type ^C for status and control
xfsrestore: searching media for dump
xfsrestore: examining media file 0
xfsrestore: dump description:
xfsrestore: hostname: localhost.localdomain
xfsrestore: mount point: /boot
xfsrestore: volume: /dev/sda1
xfsrestore: session time: Sun Mar 22 14:10:05 2020
xfsrestore: level: 1
xfsrestore: session label: "boot_2"
xfsrestore: media label: "boot_2"
xfsrestore: file system id: 7e3c8d7e-bed2-43b3-8014-36cc39aad1c9
xfsrestore: session id: 62b554c6-e17b-454f-b75a-684b8cfba2da
xfsrestore: media id: 00d1fcb3-31ba-4d24-81e0-a41d18cb8141
xfsrestore: using online session inventory
xfsrestore: searching media for directory dump
xfsrestore: reading directories
xfsrestore: 1 directories and 13 entries processed
xfsrestore: directory post-processing
xfsrestore: restoring non-directory files
xfsrestore: restore complete: 0 seconds elapsed
xfsrestore: Restore Summary:
xfsrestore: stream 0 /srv/boot.dump1 OK (success)
xfsrestore: Restore Status: SUCCESS
完全还原了：
# diff -r /boot /tmp/boot