centOS7安装nginx及nginx配置
1 安装gcc
gcc是linux下的编译器在此不多做解释，感兴趣的小伙伴可以去查一下相关资料，它可以编译 C,C++,Ada,Object C和Java等语言，一般阿里云、腾讯云的centOS7里面是都有的，没有安装的话会提示命令找不到。
首先：查看gcc版本
gcc -v
控制台输出日志
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-redhat-linux
Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,go,lto --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --disable-libgcj --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --with-cloog=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/cloog-install --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC)
如果没有的话就运行安装命令：
yum -y install gcc
2 pcre、pcre-devel安装
pcre是一个perl库，包括perl兼容的正则表达式库，nginx的http模块使用pcre来解析正则表达式，所以需要安装pcre库。
安装命令：
yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
控制台输出 日志如下：
[root@VM_0_14_centos /]# yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Determining fastest mirrors
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
os | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/7): epel/7/x86_64/group_gz | 95 kB 00:00:00
(2/7): epel/7/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:00
(3/7): os/7/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00
(4/7): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 206 kB 00:00:00
(5/7): epel/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.9 MB 00:00:01
(6/7): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 3.8 MB 00:00:01
(7/7): os/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:01
Package pcre-8.32-17.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-17.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
pcre-devel x86_64 8.32-17.el7 os 480 k
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 480 k
Installed size: 1.4 M
Downloading packages:
pcre-devel-8.32-17.el7.x86_64.rpm | 480 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : pcre-devel-8.32-17.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : pcre-devel-8.32-17.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-17.el7
Complete!
3 zlib安装
zlib库提供了很多种压缩和解压缩方式nginx使用zlib对http包的内容进行gzip，所以需要安装
安装命令：
yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
输出日志如下：
[root@VM_0_14_centos /]# yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package zlib.x86_64 0:1.2.7-17.el7 will be updated
---> Package zlib.x86_64 0:1.2.7-18.el7 will be an update
---> Package zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-18.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
zlib-devel x86_64 1.2.7-18.el7 os 50 k
Updating:
zlib x86_64 1.2.7-18.el7 os 90 k
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Upgrade 1 Package
Total download size: 140 k
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
(1/2): zlib-devel-1.2.7-18.el7.x86_64.rpm | 50 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): zlib-1.2.7-18.el7.x86_64.rpm | 90 kB 00:00:00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 449 kB/s | 140 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Updating : zlib-1.2.7-18.el7.x86_64 1/3
Installing : zlib-devel-1.2.7-18.el7.x86_64 2/3
Cleanup : zlib-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64 3/3
Verifying : zlib-devel-1.2.7-18.el7.x86_64 1/3
Verifying : zlib-1.2.7-18.el7.x86_64 2/3
Verifying : zlib-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64 3/3
Installed:
zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-18.el7
Updated:
zlib.x86_64 0:1.2.7-18.el7
Complete!
4 安装openssl
openssl是web安全通信的基石，没有openssl，可以说我们的信息都是在裸奔。。。。。。
安装命令：
yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
控制台日志如下：
[root@VM_0_14_centos /]# yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-12.el7 will be updated
---> Package openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-19.el7 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: openssl-libs(x86-64) = 1:1.0.2k-19.el7 for package: 1:openssl-1.0.2k-19.el7.x86_64
---> Package openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-19.el7 will be installed
... ...
libss.x86_64 0:1.42.9-17.el7 openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-19.el7
Complete!
5 安装nginx
5.1 下载nginx安装包
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.9.9.tar.gz
控制台日志如下：
[root@VM_0_14_centos /]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.9.9.tar.gz
--2020-08-12 00:14:05-- http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.9.9.tar.gz
Resolving nginx.org (nginx.org)... 3.125.197.172, 52.58.199.22, 2a05:d014:edb:5704::6, ...
Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org)|3.125.197.172|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 887908 (867K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘nginx-1.9.9.tar.gz’
12% [=============>
等待执行到 100% 后
把压缩包解压到usr/local/java目录下
5.2 解压
tar -zxvf nginx-1.9.9.tar.gz
5.3 编译
切换到 nginx 安装目录下面
cd /usr/local/java/nginx-1.9.9/
执行三个命令：
./configure
make
make install
5.4 配置
切换到/usr/local/nginx安装目录，配置nginx的配置文件nginx.conf文件。
/usr/local/nginx
5.5 启动nginx服务
切换目录到/usr/local/nginx/sbin下面
执行启动命令
./nginx
5.6 查看nginx服务是否启动成功
ps -ef | grep nginx
nginx默认监听的是 80端口，所以可以直接在你的浏览器中输入服务器地址访问，如果可以访问成功如下图所示的效果，则配置成功
5.7 nginx 的常用命令
1 启动nginx服务
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
2 重启nginx服务
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx –s reload
3 停止nginx服务
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx –s stop
4 强制关闭nginx服务
pkill nginx
6 nginx.conf说明
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1; #工作进程：数目。根据硬件调整，通常等于cpu数量或者2倍cpu数量。
#错误日志存放路径
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid; # nginx进程pid存放路径
events {
worker_connections 1024; # 工作进程的最大连接数量
}
http {
include mime.types; #指定mime类型，由mime.type来定义
default_type application/octet-stream;
# 日志格式设置
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main; #用log_format指令设置日志格式后，需要用access_log来指定日志文件存放路径
sendfile on; #指定nginx是否调用sendfile函数来输出文件，对于普通应用，必须设置on。
如果用来进行下载等应用磁盘io重负载应用，可设着off，以平衡磁盘与网络io处理速度，降低系统uptime。
#tcp_nopush on; #此选项允许或禁止使用socket的TCP_CORK的选项，此选项仅在sendfile的时候使用
#keepalive_timeout 0; #keepalive超时时间
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on; #开启gzip压缩服务
#虚拟主机
server {
listen 80; #配置监听端口号
server_name localhost; #配置访问域名，域名可以有多个，用空格隔开
#charset koi8-r; #字符集设置
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#错误跳转页
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ { #请求的url过滤，正则匹配，~为区分大小写，~*为不区分大小写。
# root html; #根目录
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; #请求转向定义的服务器列表
# fastcgi_index index.php; # 如果请求的Fastcgi_index URI是以 / 结束的, 该指令设置的文件会被附加到URI的后面并保存在变量$fastcig_script_name中
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl; #监听端口
# server_name localhost; #域名
# ssl_certificate cert.pem; #证书位置
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key; #私钥位置
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; #密码加密方式
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; #
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}