Java调用第三方http接口的方式

1. 概述

在实际开发过程中,我们经常需要调用对方提供的接口或测试自己写的接口是否合适。很多项目都会封装规定好本身项目的接口规范,所以大多数需要去调用对方提供的接口或第三方接口(短信、天气等)。

在Java项目中调用第三方接口的方式有:

①通过JDK网络类Java.net.HttpURLConnection;

②通过common封装好的HttpClient;

③通过Apache封装好的CloseableHttpClient;

④通过SpringBoot-RestTemplate;

2. Java调用第三方http接口的方式

2.1 通过JDK网络类Java.net.HttpURLConnection

 比较原始的一种调用做法,这里把get请求和post请求都统一放在一个方法里面,直接上代码:

import java.io.*;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

/**
 * @Author: Yang JianQiu
 * @Date: 2019/4/26 11:34
 * jdk类HttpURLConnection调用第三方http接口
 *
 * 通常分get和post两种方式
 *
 * 参考资料:
 * http://www.cnblogs.com/angusbao/p/7727649.html
 */
public class HttpUrlConnectionToInterface {

    /**
     * 以post或get方式调用对方接口方法,
     * @param pathUrl
     */
    public static void doPostOrGet(String pathUrl, String data){
        OutputStreamWriter out = null;
        BufferedReader br = null;
        String result = "";
        try {
            URL url = new URL(pathUrl);
            //打开和url之间的连接
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            //请求方式
            conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
            //conn.setRequestMethod("GET");

            //设置通用的请求属性
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)");
            conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");

            //DoOutput设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出,DoInput设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入,此外发送post请求必须设置这两个
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setDoInput(true);

            /**
             * 下面的三句代码,就是调用第三方http接口
             */
            //获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流
            out = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
            //发送请求参数即数据
            out.write(data);
            //flush输出流的缓冲
            out.flush();

            /**
             * 下面的代码相当于,获取调用第三方http接口后返回的结果
             */
            //获取URLConnection对象对应的输入流
            InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
            //构造一个字符流缓存
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
            String str = "";
            while ((str = br.readLine()) != null){
                result += str;
            }
            System.out.println(result);
            //关闭流
            is.close();
            //断开连接,disconnect是在底层tcp socket链接空闲时才切断,如果正在被其他线程使用就不切断。
            conn.disconnect();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                if (out != null){
                    out.close();
                }
                if (br != null){
                    br.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /**
         *手机信息查询接口:http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=手机号
     *      http://api.showji.com/Locating/www.showji.com.aspx?m=手机号&output=json&callback=querycallback
         */
        doPostOrGet("https://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", "");
    }
}

2.2 通过apache common封装好的HttpClient

httpClient的get或post请求方式步骤:

  1. 生成一个HttpClient对象并设置相应的参数;
  2. 生成一个GetMethod对象或PostMethod并设置响应的参数;
  3. 用HttpClient生成的对象来执行GetMethod生成的Get方法;
  4. 处理响应状态码;
  5. 若响应正常,处理HTTP响应内容;
  6. 释放连接。

导入如下jar包:



    commons-httpclient
    commons-httpclient
    3.1

代码如下:

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.*;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * @Author: Yang JianQiu
 * @Date: 2019/4/28 11:07
 *
 * HttpClient模拟get、post请求并发送请求参数(json等)
 * 【参考资料】
 * https://javasam.iteye.com/blog/2117845
 * https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28379809/article/details/82898792
 */
public class HttpClientToInterface {

    /**
     * httpClient的get请求方式
     * 使用GetMethod来访问一个URL对应的网页实现步骤:
     * 1.生成一个HttpClient对象并设置相应的参数;
     * 2.生成一个GetMethod对象并设置响应的参数;
     * 3.用HttpClient生成的对象来执行GetMethod生成的Get方法;
     * 4.处理响应状态码;
     * 5.若响应正常,处理HTTP响应内容;
     * 6.释放连接。
     * @param url
     * @param charset
     * @return
     */
    public static String doGet(String url, String charset){
        /**
         * 1.生成HttpClient对象并设置参数
         */
        HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
        //设置Http连接超时为5秒
        httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(5000);

        /**
         * 2.生成GetMethod对象并设置参数
         */
        GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url);
        //设置get请求超时为5秒
        getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 5000);
        //设置请求重试处理,用的是默认的重试处理:请求三次
        getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler());

        String response = "";

        /**
         * 3.执行HTTP GET 请求
         */
        try {
            int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);

            /**
             * 4.判断访问的状态码
             */
            if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK){
                System.err.println("请求出错:" + getMethod.getStatusLine());
            }

            /**
             * 5.处理HTTP响应内容
             */
            //HTTP响应头部信息,这里简单打印
            Header[] headers = getMethod.getResponseHeaders();
            for (Header h: headers){
                System.out.println(h.getName() + "---------------" + h.getValue());
            }
            //读取HTTP响应内容,这里简单打印网页内容
            //读取为字节数组
            byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody();
            response = new String(responseBody, charset);
            System.out.println("-----------response:" + response);
            //读取为InputStream,在网页内容数据量大时候推荐使用
            //InputStream response = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();

        } catch (HttpException e) {
            //发生致命的异常,可能是协议不对或者返回的内容有问题
            System.out.println("请检查输入的URL!");
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e){
            //发生网络异常
            System.out.println("发生网络异常!");
        }finally {
            /**
             * 6.释放连接
             */
            getMethod.releaseConnection();
        }
        return response;
    }

    /**
     * post请求
     * @param url
     * @param json
     * @return
     */
    public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json){
        HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
        PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);

        postMethod.addRequestHeader("accept", "*/*");
        postMethod.addRequestHeader("connection", "Keep-Alive");
        //设置json格式传送
        postMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
        //必须设置下面这个Header
        postMethod.addRequestHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
        //添加请求参数
        postMethod.addParameter("commentId", json.getString("commentId"));

        String res = "";
        try {
            int code = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
            if (code == 200){
                res = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
                System.out.println(res);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return res;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        doGet("http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", "UTF-8");
        System.out.println("-----------分割线------------");
        System.out.println("-----------分割线------------");
        System.out.println("-----------分割线------------");

        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        jsonObject.put("commentId", "13026194071");
        doPost("http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", jsonObject);
    }
}

2.3 通过Apache封装好的CloseableHttpClient

 CloseableHttpClient是在HttpClient的基础上修改更新而来的,这里还涉及到请求头token的设置(请求验证),利用fastjson转换请求或返回结果字符串为json格式,当然上面两种方式也是可以设置请求头token、json的,这里只在下面说明。

导入如下jar包:



    org.apache.httpcomponents
    httpclient
    4.5.2


    com.alibaba
    fastjson
    1.2.28

代码如下:

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Author: Yang JianQiu
 * @Date: 2019/4/26 11:41
 * Apache封装好的CloseableHttpClient
 * 【参考资料】
 *  https://www.cnblogs.com/siv8/p/6222709.html
 *  https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35860138/article/details/82967727
 */
public class CloseableHttpClientToInterface {

    private static String tokenString = "";
    private static String AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED = "AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED";
    private static CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;

    /**
     * 以get方式调用第三方接口
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    public static String doGet(String url, String token){
        //创建HttpClient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
        HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);

        try {
            if (tokenString != null && !tokenString.equals("")){
                tokenString = getToken();
            }
            //api_gateway_auth_token自定义header头,用于token验证使用
            get.addHeader("api_gateway_auth_token", tokenString);
            get.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get);
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){
                //返回json格式
                String res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
                return res;
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 以post方式调用第三方接口
     * @param url
     * @param json
     * @return
     */
    public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json){
        
        try {
            if (httpClient == null){
                httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
            }

            HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
            
            if (tokenString != null && !tokenString.equals("")){
                tokenString = getToken();
            }
            
            //api_gateway_auth_token自定义header头,用于token验证使用
            post.addHeader("api_gateway_auth_token", tokenString);
            post.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");

            StringEntity s = new StringEntity(json.toString());
            s.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
            //发送json数据需要设置contentType
            s.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            //设置请求参数
            post.setEntity(s);
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);

            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){
                //返回json格式
                String res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
                return res;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if (httpClient != null){
                try {
                    httpClient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 获取第三方接口的token
     */
    public static String getToken(){

        String token = "";

        JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
        object.put("appid", "appid");
        object.put("secretkey", "secretkey");

        try {
            if (httpClient == null){
                httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
            }
            HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://localhost/login");
            
            post.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");

            StringEntity s = new StringEntity(object.toString());
            s.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
            //发送json数据需要设置contentType
            s.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            //设置请求参数
            post.setEntity(s);
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);

            //这里可以把返回的结果按照自定义的返回数据结果,把string转换成自定义类
            //ResultTokenBO result = JSONObject.parseObject(response, ResultTokenBO.class);

           //把response转为jsonObject
            JSONObject result = JSONObject.parseObject(response);
            if (result.containsKey("token")){
                token = result.getString("token");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return token;
    }

    /**
     * 测试
     */
    public static void test(String telephone){

        JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
        object.put("telephone", telephone);

        try {
            //首先获取token
            tokenString = getToken();
            String response = doPost("http://localhost/searchUrl", object);

            //如果返回的结果是list形式的,需要使用JSONObject.parseArray转换
            //List list = JSONObject.parseArray(response, Result.class);

            System.out.println(response);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        test("12345678910");
    }

}

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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