生鲜超市 学习进阶第三天 xadmin的后台管理

新人学习django 是按照这个大佬的教程学习的
链接: https://www.cnblogs.com/derek1184405959/p/8733194.html.

很多步骤都是按照上面的教程学习的，这里只是记录一下自己学习的过程和一些错误
如果有人想要系统的学习，建议去上面那位大佬处学习
1.配置url

from django.urls import path
import xadmin
from django.urls import include

urlpatterns = [
    path('xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
    path('ueditor/', include('DjangoUeditor.urls')),
]

2.注册app到xadmin后台

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.
import xadmin
from xadmin import views
from xadmin.views import BaseAdminView, CommAdminView
from .models import VerifyCode

#添加主题
class BaseSetting(object):
    enable_themes=True
    use_bootswatch=True

#全局配置，后台管理标题和页脚
class GlobalSettings(object):
    site_title="珂朵莉"
    site_footer="alotria"

    #菜单收缩
    menu_style="accordion"

class VerifyCodeAdmin(object):
    list_display=["code","mobile","add_time"]


xadmin.site.register(VerifyCode,VerifyCodeAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(views.BaseAdminView,BaseSetting)
xadmin.site.register(views.CommAdminView,GlobalSettings)

修改app名字为中文
```

from django.apps import AppConfig

class UsersConfig(AppConfig):
name = ‘apps.users’
#后台管理时显示为中文
verbosse_name=“用户管理”

还需要配置__init__.py

default_app_config="users.apps.UsersConfig"

同理分别配置goods，trade和user_operations
goods

from django.contrib import admin
import xadmin
from .models import *
from .models import IndexAd
# Register your models here.
class GoodsAdmin(object):
    #显示的列
    list_display=["name","click_num","sold_num","fav_num","goods_num","market_price",
                  "shop_price","goods_brief","goods_desc","is_new","is_hot","add_time"]
    #可以搜索的字段
    search_fields=["name"]
    #列表页可以直接编辑
    list_editable=["is_hot"]
    #过滤器
    list_filter=["name","click_num","sold_num","fav_num","goods_num","market_price",
                  "shop_price","category","is_new","is_hot","add_time"]

    #富文本编辑器
    style_fields={"goods_desc":"ueditor"}
    #在添加商品的时候可以添加商品图片
    class GoodsImageInline(object):
        model=GoodsImage
        exclude=["add_time"]
        extra=1
        style="tan"
    inlines=[GoodsImageInline]

class GoodsCateGoryAdmin(object):
    list_display=["name","category_type","parent_category","add_time"]
    list_filter=["category_type","parent_category","name"]
    search_fields=["name"]

class GoodsBrandAdmin(object):
    list_display=["category","image","name","desc"]

    def get_context(self):
        context=super(GoodsBrandAdmin,self).get_context()
        if "form" in context:
            context["form"].fields["category"].queryset=GoodsCategory.objects.filter(category_type=1)
        return context

class BannerGoodsAdmin(object):
    list_display=["goods","image","index"]

class HostSearchAdmin(object):
    list_display=["keywords","index","add_time"]

class IndexAdmin(object):
    list_display=["category","goods"]

xadmin.site.register(Goods,GoodsAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(GoodsCategory,GoodsCateGoryAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Banner,BannerGoodsAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(GoodsCategoryBrand,GoodsBrandAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(HostSearchWords,HostSearchAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(IndexAd,IndexAdmin)

apps配置


from django.apps import AppConfig
class GoodsConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'apps.goods'
    verbose_name="商品管理"

__init__.py配置
default_app_config="goods.apps.GoodsConfig"

trade

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.
__author__="wtt"

import xadmin
from .models import ShoppingCar,OrderInfo,OrderGoods

class ShoppingCarAdmin(object):
    list_display=["user","goods","nums"]

class OrderInfoAdmin(object):
    list_display=["user","order_id","trade_on","pay_status","post_script",
                  "order_mount","pay_time","add_time"]
    class OrderGoodsInline(object):
        model=OrderGoods
        exclude=["add_time",]
        extra=1
        style="tab"
    inlines=[OrderGoodsInline,]

xadmin.site.register(ShoppingCar,ShoppingCarAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(OrderInfo,OrderInfoAdmin)

from django.apps import AppConfig


class TradeConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'apps.trade'
    verbose_name="交易管理"

default_app_config="trade.apps.TradeConfig"

user_operations

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.
__author__="wtt"

import xadmin
from .models import *

class UserFavAdmin(object):
    list_diaplay=["user","goods","add_time"]
class UserLeavingMessageAdmin(object):
    list_display=["user","message_type","message","add_time"]

class UserAddressAdmin(object):
    list_display=["singer_name","singer_mobile","district","address"]

xadmin.site.register(UserFav,UserFavAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(UserAddress,UserAddressAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(UserLeavingMessage,UserLeavingMessageAdmin)

from django.apps import AppConfig


class UserOperationConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'apps.user_operation'
    verbose_name="操作管理"

default_app_config="user_operation.apps.UserOperationConfig"

使用python manage.py makemigrations进行数据转移时报错
1.
解决

在这里配置时要注意，最新的版本会在创建app时会将
‘apps.users.apps.UsersConfig’,
这个加进去，就会导致有两个同名的app
将原先的删掉就好了

2.
解决

在settings中缺少这个注册，添加上去就好了

3.
解决

写代码时，将‘.’写成了‘，’ 更改过来就好了

4.
解决
原先用的是username这个字段，但是这个字段在AbstractUser这个抽象类中是存在的，并且不可更改的
将username字段改成name就好了

5.

解决

这里用的应该是mysql，但是在原先的settings字段中配置时，使用的是sqlite3，将sqlite3改成mysql就好了

生成数据库
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
记住在前面的settings的文件中要配置好数据库的用户名和密码
生成成功后通过navicat 查看

然后是导入数据
db_tools下新建文件夹data，然后把前端的json文件（category_data和product_data）拷贝到里面
把brands和goods图片拷贝到media目录下

然后在db_tools下创建import_category_data.py,导入category的数据

#独立使用django的model，将数据导入到数据库中

import  sys
import os
#获取当前的文件的路径，运行脚本
pwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
#获取项目的根目录
sys.path.append(pwd+"../")
#要想使用django的model需要指定一个环境变量，会去settings配置找
#可以参照manage.py设置
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'MxShop.settings')

import django
django.setup()
#这里要将路径写完整
from apps.goods.models import GoodsCategory

from db_tools.data.category_data import row_data
#一级类
for lev1_cat in row_data:
    #这里处理相当于对json文件的处理
    lev1_intance=GoodsCategory()
    lev1_intance.code=lev1_cat["code"]
    lev1_intance.name=lev1_cat["name"]
    lev1_intance.category_type=1
    #保存到数据库
    lev1_intance.save()

    #二级类
    for lev2_cat in lev1_cat["sub_categorys"]:
        lev2_intance=GoodsCategory()
        lev2_intance.code=lev2_cat["code"]
        lev2_intance.name=lev2_cat["name"]
        lev2_intance.category_type=2
        lev2_intance.parent_category=lev1_intance
        lev2_intance.save()
        #三级类
        for lev3_cat in lev2_cat["sub_categorys"]:
            lev3_intance=GoodsCategory()
            lev3_intance.code=lev3_cat["code"]
            lev3_intance.name=lev3_cat["name"]
            lev3_intance.category_type=3
            lev3_intance.parent_category=lev2_intance
            lev3_intance.save()

同理创建import_goods_data.py导入goods的数据

import sys
import os

pwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
sys.path.append(pwd+"../")
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'MxShop.settings')

import django
django.setup()

from apps.goods.models import Goods,GoodsCategory,GoodsImage

from db_tools.data.product_data import row_data

for goods_detail in row_data:
    goods=Goods()
    goods.name=goods_detail["name"]
    #前端中是￥232,数据库中是float类型，所以要替换掉
    goods.market_price=float(int(goods_detail["market_price"].replace("￥","").replace("元","")))
    goods.shop_price=float(int(goods_detail["sale_price"].replace("￥","").replace("元","")))
    goods.goods_brief=goods_detail["desc"] if goods_detail["desc"] is not None else ""
    goods.goods_desc=goods_detail["goods_desc"] if goods_detail["goods_desc"] is not None else ""
    #取第一张图片作为封面
    goods.goods_front_image=goods_detail["images"][0] if goods_detail["images"]  else ""
    #取最后一个
    category_name=goods_detail["categorys"][-1]
    #取出当前子类对应的GoodsCateGory对象，filter没有匹配的会返回空数组，不会抛异常
    category=GoodsCategory.objects.filter(name=category_name)
    if category:
        goods.category=category[0]
    goods.save()

    for goods_image in goods_detail["images"]:
        goods_image_instance=GoodsImage()
        goods_image_instance.image=goods_image
        goods_image_instance.goods=goods
        goods_image_instance.save()

注意这里的os.environ.setdefault(‘DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE’, ‘MxShop.settings’)
这里的配置最好是在manage.py中直接复制
运行后数据成功导入


/xadmin管理后台/
1.创建用户 python manage.py createsuperuser
python manage.py runserver 9000
登录

出现的错误
错误1

style_fields = {"goods_desc":"ueditor"}

中间的:号写成了，

错误2
File “D:\Project\pycharm\PycharmProjects\MxShop\extra_apps\xadmin\plugins\inline.py”, line 203, in instance_form
‘one’ if self.max_num == 1 else self.style)(self, instance)
TypeError: ‘NoneType’ object is not callable
更改xadmin\plugins\inline.py的max_num=None 改成max_num=1

  max_num = 1

错误3
更改goods下的admin的GoodsAdmin的list_filter中的category_name为category

list_filter=["name","click_num","sold_num","fav_num","goods_num","market_price",
                  "shop_price","category","is_new","is_hot","add_time"]

错误4
INSTALLED_APPS中要添加
‘crispy_forms’,模块