驱动调试

一、打印printk，自制proc文件
1.打印printk
(1)#define DBG_PRINTK printk
#define DBG_PRINTK(x...)
DBG_PRINTK(“%s %d\n”, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
(2)Printk(KERN_DEBUG”debug msg\n”);
读取/proc/sys/kernel/printk文件可以得知console_loglevel，default_message_loglevel，minimum_console_loglevel和default_console_loglevel这4个值。
Cat /proc/sys/kernel/printk
Echo “8 4 1 7” > /proc/sys/kernel/printk
(3)Uboot中禁止所有调试信息set bootargs loglevel=0


2.自制proc
将自己的调试信息保存到自己创建的proc中的文件中
Dmesg命令为显示proc中的kmesg中的内容
Ls -l /proc/kmesg
系统启动时vi /etc/init.d/rcS中有mount -a挂接所有文件系统
Cat /etc/fstab


二、根据内核打印的段错误信息分析
根据PC地址找出错误地址
A. 驱动作为模块：
1. 根据pc值确定该指令属于内核还是外加的模块
pc=0xbf000018 它属于什么的地址？是内核还是通过insmod加载的驱动程序？
先判断是否属于内核的地址: 看System.map确定内核的函数的地址范围:c0004000~c03265a4
如果不属于System.map里的范围，则它属于insmod加载的驱动程序


2. 假设它是加载的驱动程序引入的错误，怎么确定是哪一个驱动程序？
先看看加载的驱动程序的函数的地址范围
cat /proc/kallsyms  (内核函数、加载的函数的地址)
从这些信息里找到一个相近的地址, 这个地址<=0xbf000018
比如找到了：
bf000000 t first_drv_open [first_drv]


3. 找到了first_drv.ko定位地址
在PC上反汇编它: arm-linux-objdump -D first_drv.ko > frist_drv.dis
在dis文件里找到first_drv_open
    first_drv.dis文件里              insmod后
00000000 :       bf000000 t first_drv_open [first_drv]
00000018                         pc = bf000018
                                 
4.实测信息 
执行程序./firstdrvtest on
错误信息：
Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 56000050
(1)内核使用56000050来访问时发生了错误
pgd = c3eb0000
[56000050] *pgd=00000000
Internal error: Oops: 5 [#1]
Modules linked in: first_drv
CPU: 0    Not tainted  (2.6.22.6 #1)
PC is at first_drv_open+0x18(该指令的偏移)/0x3c(该函数的总大小) [first_drv]
(2)PC就是发生错误的指令的地址
大多时候，PC值只会给出一个地址，不到指示说是在哪个函数里
LR is at chrdev_open+0x14c/0x164
(3)LR寄存器的值
pc = 0xbf000018
pc : []    lr : []    psr: a0000013
sp : c3c7be88  ip : c3c7be98  fp : c3c7be94
r10: 00000000  r9 : c3c7a000  r8 : c049abc0
r7 : 00000000  r6 : 00000000  r5 : c3e740c0  r4 : c06d41e0
r3 : bf000000  r2 : 56000050  r1 : bf000964  r0 : 00000000
(4)执行这条导致错误的指令时各个寄存器的值
Flags: NzCv  IRQs on  FIQs on  Mode SVC_32  Segment user
Control: c000717f  Table: 33eb0000  DAC: 00000015
Process firstdrvtest (pid: 777, stack limit = 0xc3c7a258)
(5)发生错误时当前进程的名称是firstdrvtest
栈
Stack: (0xc3c7be88 to 0xc3c7c000)
be80:                   c3c7bebc c3c7be98 c008d888 bf000010 00000000 c049abc0 
bea0: c3e740c0 c008d73c c0474e20 c3e766a8 c3c7bee4 c3c7bec0 c0089e48 c008d74c 
bec0: c049abc0 c3c7bf04 00000003 ffffff9c c002c044 c3d10000 c3c7befc c3c7bee8 
bee0: c0089f64 c0089d58 00000000 00000002 c3c7bf68 c3c7bf00 c0089fb8 c0089f40 
bf00: c3c7bf04 c3e766a8 c0474e20 00000000 00000000 c3eb1000 00000101 00000001 
bf20: 00000000 c3c7a000 c04a7468 c04a7460 ffffffe8 c3d10000 c3c7bf68 c3c7bf48 
bf40: c008a16c c009fc70 00000003 00000000 c049abc0 00000002 bec1fee0 c3c7bf94 
bf60: c3c7bf6c c008a2f4 c0089f88 00008520 bec1fed4 0000860c 00008670 00000005 
bf80: c002c044 4013365c c3c7bfa4 c3c7bf98 c008a3a8 c008a2b0 00000000 c3c7bfa8 
bfa0: c002bea0 c008a394 bec1fed4 0000860c 00008720 00000002 bec1fee0 00000001 
bfc0: bec1fed4 0000860c 00008670 00000002 00008520 00000000 4013365c bec1fea8 
bfe0: 00000000 bec1fe84 0000266c 400c98e0 60000010 00008720 00000000 00000000 


Backtrace: (回溯)
[] (first_drv_open+0x0/0x3c [first_drv]) from [] (chrdev_open+0x14c/0x164)
[] (chrdev_open+0x0/0x164) from [] (__dentry_open+0x100/0x1e8)
 r8:c3e766a8 r7:c0474e20 r6:c008d73c r5:c3e740c0 r4:c049abc0
[] (__dentry_open+0x0/0x1e8) from [] (nameidata_to_filp+0x34/0x48)
[] (nameidata_to_filp+0x0/0x48) from [] (do_filp_open+0x40/0x48)
 r4:00000002
[] (do_filp_open+0x0/0x48) from [] (do_sys_open+0x54/0xe4)
 r5:bec1fee0 r4:00000002
[] (do_sys_open+0x0/0xe4) from [] (sys_open+0x24/0x28)
[] (sys_open+0x0/0x28) from [] (ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x2c)
Code: e24cb004 e59f1024 e3a00000 e5912000 (e5923000) 
Segmentation fault
# 
(5)内核中打开回溯信息接口
Symbol：FRAME_POINTER [=y]
Location:
 ->Kernel hacking
  ->Kernel debugging (DEBUG_KERNEL [=y])


B. 驱动编入内核
1.执行错误信息：
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0    Not tainted  (2.6.22.6 #2)
PC is at first_drv_open+0x18/0x3c
LR is at chrdev_open+0x14c/0x164
pc : []    lr : []    psr: a0000013
sp : c3a03e88  ip : c3a03e98  fp : c3a03e94
r10: 00000000  r9 : c3a02000  r8 : c03f3c60
r7 : 00000000  r6 : 00000000  r5 : c38a0c50  r4 : c3c1e780
r3 : c014e6a8  r2 : 56000050  r1 : c031a47c  r0 : 00000000
Flags: NzCv  IRQs on  FIQs on  Mode SVC_32  Segment user
Control: c000717f  Table: 339f0000  DAC: 00000015
Process firstdrvtest (pid: 750, stack limit = 0xc3a02258)


2.根据pc值确定该指令属于内核还是外加的模块
pc=c014e6c0 属于内核(看System.map)


3.反汇编内核: arm-linux-objdump -D vmlinux > vmlinux.dis
在dis文件里搜c014e6c0
c014e6a8 :
c014e6a8:       e1a0c00d        mov     ip, sp
c014e6ac:       e92dd800        stmdb   sp!, {fp, ip, lr, pc}
c014e6b0:       e24cb004        sub     fp, ip, #4      ; 0x4
c014e6b4:       e59f1024        ldr     r1, [pc, #36]   ; c014e6e0 <.text+0x1276e0>
c014e6b8:       e3a00000        mov     r0, #0  ; 0x0
c014e6bc:       e5912000        ldr     r2, [r1]
c014e6c0:       e5923000        ldr     r3, [r2] // 在此出错 r2=56000050


根据栈信息分析函数调用过程
1.执行程序
# ./firstdrvtest on
错误信息：
Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 56000050
pgd = c3e78000
[56000050] *pgd=00000000
Internal error: Oops: 5 [#1]
Modules linked in: first_drv
CPU: 0    Not tainted  (2.6.22.6 #48)
PC is at first_drv_open+0x18/0x3c [first_drv]
LR is at chrdev_open+0x14c/0x164
pc : []    lr : []    psr: a0000013
2.根据PC确定出错位置
bf000018 属于 insmod的模块
bf000000 t first_drv_open       [first_drv]


3.确定它属于哪个函数
反汇编first_drv.ko


sp : c3e69e88  ip : c3e69e98  fp : c3e69e94
r10: 00000000  r9 : c3e68000  r8 : c0490620
r7 : 00000000  r6 : 00000000  r5 : c3e320a0  r4 : c06a8300
r3 : bf000000  r2 : 56000050  r1 : bf000964  r0 : 00000000
Flags: NzCv  IRQs on  FIQs on  Mode SVC_32  Segment user
Control: c000717f  Table: 33e78000  DAC: 00000015
Process firstdrvtest (pid: 752, stack limit = 0xc3e68258)
Stack: (0xc3e69e88 to 0xc3e6a000)
9e80:                   c3e69ebc c3e69e98 c008c888 bf000010 00000000 c0490620 
                        first_drv_open'sp    lr             chrdev_open'sp


9ea0: c3e320a0 c008c73c c0465e20 c3e36cb4 c3e69ee4 c3e69ec0 c0088e48 c008c74c 
                                                            lr    
                                                                                 
9ec0: c0490620 c3e69f04 00000003 ffffff9c c002b044 c06e0000 c3e69efc c3e69ee8 
      __dentry_open'sp


9ee0: c0088f64 c0088d58 00000000 00000002 c3e69f68 c3e69f00 c0088fb8 c0088f40 
      lr                nameidata_to_filp'sp                lr
      
9f00: c3e69f04 c3e36cb4 c0465e20 00000000 00000000 c3e79000 00000101 00000001 
      do_filp_open'sp


9f20: 00000000 c3e68000 c04c1468 c04c1460 ffffffe8 c06e0000 c3e69f68 c3e69f48 
9f40: c008916c c009ec70 00000003 00000000 c0490620 00000002 be94eee0 c3e69f94 
9f60: c3e69f6c c00892f4 c0088f88 00008520 be94eed4 0000860c 00008670 00000005 
               lr                do_sys_open'sp


9f80: c002b044 4013365c c3e69fa4 c3e69f98 c00893a8 c00892b0 00000000 c3e69fa8 
                                          lr                sys_open'sp


9fa0: c002aea0 c0089394 be94eed4 0000860c 00008720 00000002 be94eee0 00000001 
      lr                ret_fast_syscall'sp
                        
9fc0: be94eed4 0000860c 00008670 00000002 00008520 00000000 4013365c be94eea8 
9fe0: 00000000 be94ee84 0000266c 400c98e0 60000010 00008720 00000000 00000000 


三、自制工具
寄存器编辑器：读写寄存器值
编写一个读写寄存器值的驱动和应用程序


四、修改内核来定位系统僵死问题
系统卡死：
利用系统时钟中断
Cat /proc/interrupts
30 2392 s3c s3c2410 Timer Tick
在系统时钟中断函数asn_do_IRQ/s3c2410_timer_interrupt中打印信息
If(cnt == 10*HZ)
{
Printk(“pc = %08x\n”, regs->ARM_pc);
}
pc = bf000084   // 对于中断, pc-4才是发生中断瞬间的地址
看/proc/kallsyms