1、工具准备 proto.exe 版本2.6.1
2、jar包:protobuf-java.jar 版本:2.6.1
1)https://github.com/google/protobuf :用maven在java目录中 编译打包 maven:compile package
2)或使用maven直接配置:
com.google.protobuf
protobuf-java
2.6.1
1.编写一个.proto文件命名为:addressbook.proto,该文件内容来自protocal-buffers官网
package tutorial;
option java_package = "com.example.tutorial";
option java_outer_classname = "AddressBookProtos";
message Person {
required string name = 1;
required int32 id = 2;
optional string email = 3;
enum PhoneType {
MOBILE = 0;
HOME = 1;
WORK = 2;
}
message PhoneNumber {
required string number = 1;
optional PhoneType type = 2 [default = HOME];
}
repeated PhoneNumber phone = 4;
}
message AddressBook {
repeated Person person = 1;
}
2、查询protoc.exe帮助:
F:\pbtest>protoc.exe -h
3、生成Java类:
F:\pbtest>protoc.exe --proto_path=F:\pbtest --java_out=F:\pbtest\test\src F:\pbtest\addressbook.proto
4、把生成的代码导入到工程中
5、编写测试类
import java.util.Arrays;
import com.example.tutorial.AddressBookProtos.AddressBook;
import com.example.tutorial.AddressBookProtos.Person;
import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
public class AddressBookProtoUse {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 构建一个Person对象
Person person = Person.newBuilder().setEmail("[email protected]").setId(10086).setName("zhangsan")
.addPhone(Person.PhoneNumber.newBuilder().setNumber("186").setType(Person.PhoneType.HOME).build())
.build();
System.out.println("打印输出Person对象信息:");
System.out.println(person);
System.out.println("Person对象调用toString()方法:");
System.out.println(person.toString());
System.out.println("Person对象字段是否初始化:" + person.isInitialized());
// 序列号
System.out.println("Person对象调用toByteString()方法:");
System.out.println(person.toByteString());
System.out.println("Person对象调用toByteArray()方法:");
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(person.toByteArray()));
try {
System.out.println("反序列化后的对象信息:");
// 反序列化
Person newPerson = Person.parseFrom(person.toByteArray());
System.out.println(newPerson);
newPerson = Person.parseFrom(person.toByteString());
System.out.println(newPerson);
} catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 向地址簿添加两条Person信息
AddressBook.Builder books = AddressBook.newBuilder();
books.addPerson(person);
books.addPerson(Person.newBuilder(person).setEmail("[email protected]").build());
System.out.println("AddressBook对象信息:");
System.out.println(books.build());
}
}
6、测试结果
打印输出Person对象信息:
name: "zhangsan"
id: 10086
email: "[email protected]"
phone {
number: "186"
type: HOME
}
Person对象调用toString()方法:
name: "zhangsan"
id: 10086
email: "[email protected]"
phone {
number: "186"
type: HOME
}
Person对象字段是否初始化:true
Person对象调用toByteString()方法:
Person对象调用toByteArray()方法:
[10, 8, 122, 104, 97, 110, 103, 115, 97, 110, 16, -26, 78, 26, 16, 122, 104, 97, 110, 103, 115, 97, 110, 64, 49, 54, 51, 46, 99, 111, 109, 34, 7, 10, 3, 49, 56, 54, 16, 1]
反序列化后的对象信息:
name: "zhangsan"
id: 10086
email: "[email protected]"
phone {
number: "186"
type: HOME
}
name: "zhangsan"
id: 10086
email: "[email protected]"
phone {
number: "186"
type: HOME
}
AddressBook对象信息:
person {
name: "zhangsan"
id: 10086
email: "[email protected]"
phone {
number: "186"
type: HOME
}
}
person {
name: "zhangsan"
id: 10086
email: "[email protected]"
phone {
number: "186"
type: HOME
}
}
6、探究AddressBookProtos类:
a.构造Person对象,Person类继承自com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage类,而GeneratedMessage类继承自AbstractMessage类,并且实现了序列化接口Serializable。在AbstractMessage类中重写了toString()方法,具体内容如下:
@Override
public final String toString() {
return TextFormat.printToString(this);
}
于是有了Person对象调用toString()方法后直接输出Person对象的文本内容。
b.toByteString()返回的ByteString是一个不可变的byte序列,由AbstractMessage类实现。toByteArray()返回byte[]。这两个方法都是对象进行序列化的方法。
c.isInitialized()判断对象的字段是否初始化,该方法与Person类的initFields()方法相关。
initFields()源代码:
private void initFields() {
name_ = "";
id_ = 0;
email_ = "";
phone_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
}
initFields()方法的调用是在Person类的默认实力对象初始化之后调用的,在Person类的静态代码块中可以看到:
static {
defaultInstance = new Person(true);
defaultInstance.initFields();
}
d.Person类提供了一系列的反序列化的重载方法用来讲数据反序列化为Person对象。
e.关于Person对象的Build
Person类中有一个Builder的内部类,该类用来构建Person对象,并且为Person对象添加数据。
public static final class Builder extends
com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.Builder<Builder>
implements com.example.tutorial.AddressBookProtos.PersonOrBuilder
4.通过学习官网的实例,手绘一张Java使用protobuf的基本流程图