std::pair主要的作用是将两个数据组合成一个数据,两个数据可以是同一类型或者不同类型。例如std::pair
template pair make_pair(T1 a, T2 b) {
return
pair(a, b); }
一般make_pair都使用在需要pair做参数的位置,可以直接调用make_pair生成pair对象。 另一个使用的方面就是pair可以接受隐式的类型转换,这样可以获得更高的灵活度。但是这样会出现如下问题:例如有如下两个定义:
std::pair
<
int
,
float
>
(
1
,
1.1
);
std::make_pair( 1 , 1.1 );
std::make_pair( 1 , 1.1 );
其中第一个的second变量是float类型,而make_pair函数会将second变量都转换成double类型。这个问题在编程是需要引起注意。下面是一段pair与make_pair的例子程序:
1
#include
<
iostream
>
2 #include < utility >
3 #include < string >
4 using namespace std;
5
6 int main () {
7 pair < string , double > product1 ( " tomatoes " , 3.25 );
8 pair < string , double > product2;
9 pair < string , double > product3;
10
11 product2.first = " lightbulbs " ; // type of first is string
12 product2.second = 0.99 ; // type of second is double
13
14 product3 = make_pair ( " shoes " , 20.0 );
15
16 cout << " The price of " << product1.first << " is $ " << product1.second << " \n " ;
17 cout << " The price of " << product2.first << " is $ " << product2.second << " \n " ;
18 cout << " The price of " << product3.first << " is $ " << product3.second << " \n " ;
19 return 0 ;
20 }
2 #include < utility >
3 #include < string >
4 using namespace std;
5
6 int main () {
7 pair < string , double > product1 ( " tomatoes " , 3.25 );
8 pair < string , double > product2;
9 pair < string , double > product3;
10
11 product2.first = " lightbulbs " ; // type of first is string
12 product2.second = 0.99 ; // type of second is double
13
14 product3 = make_pair ( " shoes " , 20.0 );
15
16 cout << " The price of " << product1.first << " is $ " << product1.second << " \n " ;
17 cout << " The price of " << product2.first << " is $ " << product2.second << " \n " ;
18 cout << " The price of " << product3.first << " is $ " << product3.second << " \n " ;
19 return 0 ;
20 }
其运行结果如下:
1
The price of tomatoes
is
$
3.25
2 The price of lightbulbs is $ 0.99
3 The price of shoes is $ 20
2 The price of lightbulbs is $ 0.99
3 The price of shoes is $ 20
为了更好的了解pair与make_pair的机制,下面是其定义:
1
//
TEMPLATE STRUCT pair
2 template < class _Ty1, class _Ty2 > struct pair
3 { // store a pair of values
4 typedef pair < _Ty1, _Ty2 > _Myt;
5 typedef _Ty1 first_type;
6 typedef _Ty2 second_type;
7
8 pair(): first(_Ty1()), second(_Ty2())
9 { // construct from defaults
10 }
11
12 pair( const _Ty1 & _Val1, const _Ty2 & _Val2): first(_Val1), second(_Val2)
13 { // construct from specified values
14 }
15
16 template < class _Other1,
17 class _Other2 >
18 pair( const pair < _Other1, _Other2 >& _Right)
19 : first(_Right.first), second(_Right.second)
20 { // construct from compatible pair
21 }
22
23 void swap(_Myt & _Right)
24 { // exchange contents with _Right
25 std::swap(first, _Right.first);
26 std::swap(second, _Right.second);
27 }
28
29 _Ty1 first; // the first stored value
30 _Ty2 second; // the second stored value
31 };
32
33
34 template < class _Ty1, class _Ty2 > inline
35 pair < _Ty1, _Ty2 > make_pair(_Ty1 _Val1, _Ty2 _Val2)
36 { // return pair composed from arguments
37 return (pair < _Ty1, _Ty2 > (_Val1, _Val2));
38 }
2 template < class _Ty1, class _Ty2 > struct pair
3 { // store a pair of values
4 typedef pair < _Ty1, _Ty2 > _Myt;
5 typedef _Ty1 first_type;
6 typedef _Ty2 second_type;
7
8 pair(): first(_Ty1()), second(_Ty2())
9 { // construct from defaults
10 }
11
12 pair( const _Ty1 & _Val1, const _Ty2 & _Val2): first(_Val1), second(_Val2)
13 { // construct from specified values
14 }
15
16 template < class _Other1,
17 class _Other2 >
18 pair( const pair < _Other1, _Other2 >& _Right)
19 : first(_Right.first), second(_Right.second)
20 { // construct from compatible pair
21 }
22
23 void swap(_Myt & _Right)
24 { // exchange contents with _Right
25 std::swap(first, _Right.first);
26 std::swap(second, _Right.second);
27 }
28
29 _Ty1 first; // the first stored value
30 _Ty2 second; // the second stored value
31 };
32
33
34 template < class _Ty1, class _Ty2 > inline
35 pair < _Ty1, _Ty2 > make_pair(_Ty1 _Val1, _Ty2 _Val2)
36 { // return pair composed from arguments
37 return (pair < _Ty1, _Ty2 > (_Val1, _Val2));
38 }