英语练习题

Unit 2

1. Jefferson believedthat a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and thatpersonal investigation is important.

杰佛逊认为，一个自由的人除了从书本中获取知识外，还可以从许多别的来源获得知识，

 

2. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke tothose of humble origins except to give an order, Jeffersonwent out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants and waiters.

然而，在那个贵人们除了发号施令以外很少跟出身低下的人说话的年代， 杰佛逊却常常破例跟园丁和仆人交谈。

 

3.  “ Neitherbelieve nor reject anything, “ he wrote to his nephew, “ because any otherperson has rejected or believed it.

他在给侄子的信中写道：“不要因为别人相信或拒绝了什么东西，你也就去相信它或拒绝它。

4. Were it left to me to decided whether we should havea government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I shouldnot hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.”

假如让我来决定，我们是应该有一个政府而不要报纸呢还是应该有报纸而不要政府，我会毫不犹豫地选择后者。

 

5.  In a freecountry there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source ofstrength. 在一个自由的国家里总会有各种相互冲突的思想而这正是力量的源泉。

 

6.      It is conflict and notunquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive.

使自由保持活力的是冲突而不是绝对的一致。

 

7.“ How much pain, “ he remarked, “ has been caused by evils which havenever happened ! “

他评论说：“有多少痛苦是由一些从未发生过的灾难引起的啊！”

 

8.      American education owes a greatdebt to Thomas Jefferson, who believed that only a nation of educated peoplecould remain free.

托马斯.杰佛逊对美国的教育事业作出了巨大贡献，他认为，只有受过教育的人民组成的国家才能保持自由。

 

9.      Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which havelost their usefulness.

杰佛逊认为，绝不可以用那些已经无用的习俗来束缚住“现在“的手脚。

 

  Unit 3

1.      While I was waiting to enteruniversity, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a schoolin a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.

在我等待进大学期间，我在一份地方报纸上看到一则广告，说是在离我住处大约十英里的伦敦某郊区，有所学校要招聘一名教师。

 

 

2.      Being very short of money andwanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without adegree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job wereslim.

我因为手头很拮据，同时也想干点有用的事，于是便提出了申请，但是在提出申请的同时我也担心，自己一无学位，二无教学经验，得到这份工作的可能性是微乎其微的。

 

3.      He looked at me with an air ofsurprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaceswere undone.

他带着一种吃惊的，不以为然的神态看着我，就像一位上校看着一名没系好鞋带的二等兵一样。

 

4.      I mumbled something about notattaching too much importance to games.

我含含糊糊地说了些不必太重视游戏之类的话。

 

5.      The school, he said, consistedof one class of twenty-four boys, ranging in age from seven to thirteen.

他说，学校只有一个班，二十四名男生，年龄从七岁到十三岁不等。

 

6.      This was the last straw. I wasvery young: the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimateindignity.

我再也无法忍受了。我当时很年轻：在一个女人手下工作的前景构成了最大的侮辱。

 

Unit 4

1.      When my turn came, I displayedmy few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string hadthrown the toy off balance.

轮到我时，我露了几手并向他指出，绕错的线圈使玩具失去了平衡。

 

2.       As a boy and then as an adult, I never lost mywonder at the personality that was Einstein.

作为一个孩子，以后又作为一个成人，我一直对爱因斯坦的个性惊叹不已。

 

3.      He was the only person I knewwho had come to terms with himself and the world around him.

他是我所认识的人中唯一能够跟自己及周围世界达成妥协的人。

 

4.      He knew what he wanted and hewanted only this : to understand within his limits as a human being the natureof the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning.

他知道自己想要什么，而他想要的只是：在他作为一个人的能力范围之内理解宇宙的性质以及宇宙运行的逻辑和单纯。

 

5.      In the 23 years of ourfriendship, I never saw him show jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger,resentment, or personal ambition.

在我们二十三年的友谊中，我从未见他表现出妒忌、虚荣、痛苦、愤怒、怨恨或个人野心。

 

6.      He believed in simplicity, somuch so that he used only a safety razor and water to shave.

他信奉简朴，甚至于只用一把安全剃刀和清水刮胡子。

 

7.      He pursued various theories forseveral days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work.

他连续几天试着用各种理论来加以解释，后来我建议把玩具拆开来看看他是怎样运转的。

 

8.      His quick expression ofdisapproval told me he did not agree with this practical approach.

他迅速现出的不赞成的表情告诉我，他并不同意这种实际操作的做法。

 

 

9.      He had developed theories thatwere profound and capable of exciting relatively few scientists.

他提出的理论都是非常深奥，只能使比较少的科学家感到兴趣的理论。

 

10.  Another puzzle that Einsteincould never understand was his own fame.

爱因斯坦一直没能理解的另一个迷是他自己的名望。

 

11.  He never could understand whyhe received this attention, why he was singled out as something special.

他一直不能理解，为什么他会受到这种注意，为什么单单把他挑出来当作特殊人物对待。

 

 

Unit 5

1.      Plants absorb carbon dioxideand convert it into their own tissue, which serve as the basic food supply forall of animal life (including human beings, of course).

植物吸收二氧化碳并将其转化成他们自己的组织，充当所有动物（当然也包括人类）的基本食物供给。

 

2.      In all likelihood, it willcontinue to rise and do so at a greater rate in the course of the next hundredyears.

它很可能继续上升，而在今后数多年间，会以更快的速度上升

 

3.      Not only will many cities bedrowned, but much of the most productive farming areas of the world will belost.

 不仅许多城市将被淹没，而且世界上大部分盛产粮食的地区也将会失去。

 

3.  As the foodsupply drops, starvation will be widespread and the structure of society maycollapse under the pressure.

由于食品供应下降，到处都会出现饥荒，在这种压力下社会结构有可能崩溃。

 

 

 

4.      It begins with sunlight, towhich the various gases of the atmosphere ( including carbon dioxide ) aretransparent.

首先是太阳光，大气层中的各种气体（包括二氧化碳）对于太阳光来说是透明的。

 

5.  Atnight, the Earth cools by radiating heat into space in the form of infraredradiation.

在夜间，地球将热量以红外线的形式放射到外层空间而冷却下来。

 

5.      However, the atmosphere is notquite as transparent to infrared radiation as it is to visible light.

然而，大气层对红外线来说并不像它对可见光那样透明。

 

6.      Less heat is lost at night, forthat reason, than would be lost if carbon dioxide were not present in theatmosphere.

因此，在夜间失去的热量要比在大气中没有二氧化碳的情况下失去的要少。

 

7.      Without the small quantity ofthat gas present, the Earth would be distinctly cooler, perhaps uncomfortablycool.

要是没有少量的二氧化碳存在，地球就会明显冷得多，说不定就冷得不舒服了。

 

8.      We can be thankful that carbondioxide is keeping us comfortably warm, but the concentration of carbon dioxidein the atmosphere is going up steadily and that is where the villainy comes in.

 我们该感到欣慰，二氧化碳给我们温暖使我们舒舒服服，但是大气中二氧化碳的浓度正在稳步上升，其恶迹也就由此而生。

 

9.      The carbon contained in thesefuels, which has been safely buried underground for many millions of years, isnow being burned to carbon dioxide and poured into the atmosphere at a rate ofmany tons per day.

这些燃料中所含的碳，在过去数百万年的岁月里一直安全地埋在地下，而现在正被烧成二氧化碳，并以每天数吨的速率大量排放到大气中。

 

10.  Whatever replaces the forest--- grassland or farms or scrub --- produces plants that do not consume carbondioxide at an equal rate.

不管取代森林的是草地，农田，还是灌木丛，其生产的植物消耗二氧化碳的速率与森林是不相等的。

 

11.  Thus , not only is more carbondioxide being added to the atmosphere through burning of fuel, but as theforests disappear, less carbon dioxide is being removed from the atmosphere byplants.

因此，不仅是通过燃料的燃烧使更多的二氧化碳被加到大气中，而且，随着森林的消失，植物从大气中清除的二氧化碳也减少了。

 

 

 

Unit 6

1.      When you can say to yourself, “There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently, treat just as well asor better than any other surgeon” --- then, and not until then, you are indeeda surgeon.

当你能够对自己说：“任何外科病人我都能胜任进行治疗，我的治疗跟其他外科医生一样高明，甚至比任何外科医生都更为高明”——那时，而且只有到了那时，你才真正成了一名外科医生。

 

2.      It was the only way I couldfind the peace of mind I needed to relax.

唯有这样我才能找到安心休息所需要的内心平静。

 

3.      There were still situations inwhich I couldn’t be certain my decision had been the right one, but I hadlearned to accept this as a constant problem for a surgeon, one that couldnever be completely resolved --- and I could live with it.

在有些情况下我仍然不能确定自己的决定是否正确，但我已经学会把这看作一个外科医生经常会遇到的问题，一个永远无法解决的问题。---我已经能够适应它了。

 

4.      So，once I had made a considereddecision, I no longer dwelt on it.

所以，我一旦经过深思熟虑做出某个决定，就不再去多想它了。

 

5.      Reviewing it wasn’t going tohelp and I knew that with my knowledge and experience, any decision I’d madewas going to be a sound one.

多想也不会有什么帮助，而且我知道，凭我的知识和经验，我做出的任何决定肯定都是稳妥的。

 

6.      I knew I had the knowledge, theskill, the experience to handle any surgical situation I’d ever encounter inpractice.

我知道以自己的知识，技术和经验足以对付我在行医中将会碰到的任何外科病例。

 

7.      There were no more butterfliesin my stomach when I opened up an abdomen or a chest.

当我切开病人的腹部或胸膛时，我不再紧张得瑟瑟发抖了。

 

8.      I knew that even if the casewas one in which it was impossible to anticipate the problem in advance, Icould handle whatever I found.

我知道，即使碰上事先无法预见其问题所在的病例，我也能处置我发现的任何情况。

 

9.      I knew that when I was out inpractice I would inevitably err at one time or another and operate on someonewho didn’t need surgery or sit on someone who did.

我知道在我出去开业行医时，说不定什么时候我就会不可避免的出错，我会给不需要手术治疗的病人开刀，也可能会把需要动手术的病人忽略过去。

 

10.  I could accept this fact withcalmness because I knew that if I wasn’t able to avoid a mistake, chances werethat no other surgeon could have, either.

我之所以能够平静地接受这一事实，是因为我知道：如果我不能避免出差错，那么换了任何别的外科医生很可能也不能避免。

 

11.  He needs it to encourage him intrying moments when he’s bothered by the doubts and uncertainties that are partof the practice of medicine.

当他受到行医中必定会遇到的重重疑虑的煎熬时，他需要“自负”来支撑自己度过这些难受的时刻。