Handler源码分析

https://wiki.sankuai.com/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=390507729
加深自己对Handler——Message机制的理解。

首先我们在子线程创建一个Handler，但之前我们必须调用Looper.prepare()，原因我们在源码中可以看到

public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
final Class klass = getClass();
if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
(klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
klass.getCanonicalName());
}
}
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
if (mLooper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
}
mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}

我们可以看到调用Looper.myLooper()获取到了mLooper对象，可以想到获取到的Looper对象是我们当前线程对应的Looper对象。来看一下myLooper方法

public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
return sThreadLocal.get();
}

sThreadLocal.get()是通过当前线程获取Looper对象，如果获取不到就会返回空，mLooper为空就会抛出"Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()"的异常，至于Looper.prepare()正是为当前的线程设置了一个新的Looper对象。

private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}

我们可以看到确实是丢了一个新的Looper对象进去。Looper的构造

private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}

在构造Looper的时候创建了新的mQueue，mThread标记为当前的Thread。我们在向上看，创建Handler的部分将mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;将消息队列指定为Looper的消息队列。接下来就是发送消息的过程了，发送消息的方法最终调用的都是

public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
{
if (delayMillis < 0) {
delayMillis = 0;
}
return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
}

所以说即使我们将延时指定为负数，传进去的也是0，我们主要看的还是sendMessageAtTime

public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}

这里只做了一个判空处理，判断当前的Handler对应的MessageQueue是否为空，让后交给enqueueMessage处理，我们看方法名就知道这是入队的方法，而消息一定是插入到Handler对应的MessageQueue里。

private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
msg.target = this;
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}

确实是这样，调用的是传入的MessageQueue的入队，msg的target指的就是当前的Handler。

boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
if (msg.target == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");
}
if (msg.isInUse()) {
throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");
}
synchronized (this) {
if (mQuitting) {
IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(
msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
msg.recycle();
return false;
}

    msg.markInUse();
    msg.when = when;
    Message p = mMessages;
    boolean needWake;
    if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
        // New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
        msg.next = p;
        mMessages = msg;
        needWake = mBlocked;
    } else {
        // Inserted within the middle of the queue.  Usually we don't have to wake
        // up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue
        // and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.
        needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
        Message prev;
        for (;;) {
            prev = p;
            p = p.next;
            if (p == null || when < p.when) {
                break;
            }
            if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
                needWake = false;
            }
        }
        msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
        prev.next = msg;
    }

    // We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
    if (needWake) {
        nativeWake(mPtr);
    }
}
return true;

}

msg的markInUse标记当前消息已经入队，如果当前的mMessages为空，或者当前的时间为0，或者先加入的msg时间比mMessage的时间小，就将mMessage指定为新传入的消息，下面实现的是按照when大小的链表插入排序，这里我们看到，消息队列并不是一个队列，而是按照when排序的一个链表，而mMessage表示头，即将处理的消息。这样消息入队的过程就看完了，接下来是出队的过程，我们需要到Looper.loop中开始看起。

public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();

for (;;) {
    Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
    if (msg == null) {
        // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
        return;
    }
    // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
    Printer logging = me.mLogging;
    if (logging != null) {
        logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
                msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
    }
    msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);

    if (logging != null) {
        logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
    }

    final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
    if (ident != newIdent) {
        Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
                + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
                + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
                + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
                + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
    }

    msg.recycleUnchecked();
}

}

这里拿到的me仍然是当前线程的的队列，queue.next()就是拿到当前队列的mMessage,也就是消息队列的头部，然后再将下一条Message指定为mMessage。我们还记得msg.target指的是msg对应的Handler，dispatchMessage会交给指定的Handler来处理消息。

public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}

这个就不解释了吧，handleMessage(msg)对消息进行了处理，延时的实现是在queue.next()里，使用循环停等的方式，loop的for循环会不停地取消息，直到消息为空循环结束。这样Handler的流程也就分析的差不多了。