基于C++的水灵VTK8学习笔记1（VTK基本概念）

张晓东的《VTK图形图像开发进阶》全套资料（包含书籍电子版，配套每章节所有源码、实现效果图和工程配置文件）

水灵VTK学习全套资料（包含全部视频、PPT、源码和每个项目对应的工程配置文件CmakeLists.txt）

水灵VTK视频在线观看
本文参考的主要是张晓东的《VTK图形图像开发进阶》和水灵的视频Study VTK Together。使用的平台是VS2019 与VTK8.2
VTK系列
1 VTK基本概念
2 VTK图像处理
3 VTK图形处理
4 VTK体绘制

实例1：显示一个空白VTK窗口

​
#include "vtkAutoInit.h" 
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);

#include //包含头文件（类）
#include 

int main()
{
	//使用智能指针定义一个vtkRenderWindow类型的对象renWin
	//也可换成  vtkRenderWindow* renWin = vtkRenderWindow::New();
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow> renWin =
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();

	renWin->SetWindowName("Hadley");//设置窗口名字
	renWin->SetSize(300, 150);//设置窗口大小,长*宽=300*150像素
	renWin->Render();//调用vtkRenderWindow里的Render()方法显示并渲染VTK窗口

	std::cin.get();//等待用户输入，让程序停下来，窗口便不会一闪而过
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

​

实例2：显示椎体及旋转

#include "vtkAutoInit.h" 
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
 
#include //源数据
#include //数据映射
#include //绘制器
#include //绘制窗口
#include //演员
#include //照相机
 
int main()
{
	//指针创建一个圆锥cone
	vtkConeSource *cone=vtkConeSource::New();
	cone->SetResolution (10);//圆锥的棱边数
	cone->SetHeight(3);//指定高度
	cone->SetRadius(1);//指定半径
 
	//实例化一个映射器coneMapper
	vtkPolyDataMapper *coneMapper=vtkPolyDataMapper::New();
	coneMapper->SetInputConnection(cone->GetOutputPort());//源数据输出给映射器输入
 
	//创建一个演员对象coneActor
	vtkActor *coneActor=vtkActor::New();
	coneActor->SetMapper(coneMapper);//为演员指定mapper进行映射
	
	//搭建舞台  实例化对象renderer
	vtkRenderer *renderer=vtkRenderer::New();
	renderer->AddActor(coneActor);//将演员加入场景
	renderer->SetBackground(0.2,0.2,0.4);//设置场景背景颜色是(R,G,B)
 
	//实例化一个窗口对象renWin
	vtkRenderWindow *renWin=vtkRenderWindow::New();
	renWin->SetSize(400,200);//设置窗口大小宽*高
	renWin->AddRenderer(renderer);//将场景renderer加入renWin窗口中
 
	//旋转5圈
	for (int i=0; i<360*5; i++)
	{
		//绘制舞台上的东西
		renWin->Render();
		//让场景中照相机旋转1度
		renderer->GetActiveCamera()->Azimuth(1);
	}
    
	//释放内存
	cone->Delete();
	coneActor->Delete();
	coneMapper->Delete();
	renderer->Delete();
	renWin->Delete();
 
	return 0;
}

实例3：椎体的交互

#include "vtkAutoInit.h" 
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
 
#include //源数据
#include //数据映射
#include //绘制器
#include //绘制窗口
#include //演员
#include //照相机
#include //加入交互机制类
 
int main()
{
	//指针创建一个圆锥cone
	vtkConeSource *cone=vtkConeSource::New();
	cone->SetResolution (5);//圆锥的棱边数
	cone->SetHeight(3);//指定高度
	cone->SetRadius(1);//指定半径
 
	//实例化一个映射器coneMapper
	vtkPolyDataMapper *coneMapper=vtkPolyDataMapper::New();
	coneMapper->SetInputConnection(cone->GetOutputPort());//源数据输出给映射器输入
 
	//创建一个演员对象coneActor
	vtkActor *coneActor=vtkActor::New();
	coneActor->SetMapper(coneMapper);//为演员指定mapper进行映射
	
	//搭建舞台  实例化对象renderer
	vtkRenderer *renderer=vtkRenderer::New();
	renderer->AddActor(coneActor);//将演员加入场景
	renderer->SetBackground(0.1,0.2,0.4);//设置场景背景颜色是(R,G,B)
 
	//实例化一个窗口对象renWin
	vtkRenderWindow *renWin=vtkRenderWindow::New();
	renWin->SetSize(400,200);//设置窗口大小宽*高
	renWin->AddRenderer(renderer);//将场景renderer加入renWin窗口中
 
	//实例化一个交互对象
	vtkRenderWindowInteractor* interactor = vtkRenderWindowInteractor::New();//交互对象加入renWin窗口中
	interactor->SetRenderWindow(renWin);
 
	renWin->Render();//绘制舞台上的东西
	
	interactor->Initialize();//交互对象初始化
	interactor->Start();//开始交互事件
 
	//释放内存
	cone->Delete();
	coneActor->Delete();
	coneMapper->Delete();
	renderer->Delete();
	renWin->Delete();
	interactor->Delete();
 
	return 0;
}

实例4：两种交互方式（操纵相机与操纵演员）

#include "vtkAutoInit.h" 
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
 
#include //源数据
#include //数据映射
#include //绘制器
#include //绘制窗口
#include //演员
#include //照相机
#include //加入交互机制类
#include //一种交互方式，操纵相机
#include //另一种交互方式，操纵演员
 
 
int main()
{
	//指针创建一个圆锥cone
	vtkConeSource* cone = vtkConeSource::New();
	cone->SetResolution(5);//圆锥的棱边数
	cone->SetHeight(3);//指定高度
	cone->SetRadius(1);//指定半径
 
	//实例化一个映射器coneMapper
	vtkPolyDataMapper* coneMapper = vtkPolyDataMapper::New();
	coneMapper->SetInputConnection(cone->GetOutputPort());//源数据输出给映射器输入
 
	//创建一个演员对象coneActor
	vtkActor* coneActor = vtkActor::New();
	coneActor->SetMapper(coneMapper);//为演员指定mapper进行映射
 
	//搭建舞台  实例化对象renderer
	vtkRenderer* renderer = vtkRenderer::New();
	renderer->AddActor(coneActor);//将演员加入场景
	renderer->SetBackground(0.1, 0.2, 0.4);//设置场景背景颜色是(R,G,B)
 
	//实例化一个窗口对象renWin
	vtkRenderWindow* renWin = vtkRenderWindow::New();
	renWin->SetSize(400, 200);//设置窗口大小宽*高
	renWin->AddRenderer(renderer);//将场景renderer加入renWin窗口中
 
	//实例化一个交互对象
	vtkRenderWindowInteractor* interactor = vtkRenderWindowInteractor::New();//交互对象加入renWin窗口中
	interactor->SetRenderWindow(renWin);
 
	操纵相机的一种交互方式
	//vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera* style =
	//	vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera::New();
	//interactor->SetInteractorStyle(style);
 
	//操纵演员的一种交互方式
	vtkInteractorStyleTrackballActor* style =
		vtkInteractorStyleTrackballActor::New();
	interactor->SetInteractorStyle(style);
 
	renWin->Render();//绘制舞台上的东西
 
	interactor->Initialize();//交互对象初始化
	interactor->Start();//开始交互事件
 
	//释放内存
	cone->Delete();
	coneActor->Delete();
	coneMapper->Delete();
	renderer->Delete();
	renWin->Delete();
	interactor->Delete();
	style->Delete();
 
	return 0;
}

实例5：设置椎体颜色属性

#include "vtkAutoInit.h" 
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
 
#include //源数据
#include //数据映射
#include //绘制器
#include //绘制窗口
#include //演员
#include //照相机
#include //加入交互机制类
#include 
 
 
int main()
{
	//指针创建一个圆锥cone
	vtkConeSource* cone = vtkConeSource::New();
	cone->SetResolution(5);//圆锥的棱边数
	cone->SetHeight(3);//指定高度
	cone->SetRadius(1);//指定半径
 
	//实例化一个映射器coneMapper
	vtkPolyDataMapper* coneMapper = vtkPolyDataMapper::New();
	coneMapper->SetInputConnection(cone->GetOutputPort());//源数据输出给映射器输入
 
	//创建一个演员对象coneActor
	vtkActor* coneActor = vtkActor::New();
	coneActor->SetMapper(coneMapper);//为演员指定mapper进行映射
	//方法1：设置演员颜色
	coneActor->GetProperty()->SetColor(1.0,0.0,0.0);//设置对象颜色为红色
	//方法2：设置演员颜色
	//vtkProperty* coneProperty = vtkProperty::New();//设置一个Property对象
	//coneProperty->SetColor(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
	//coneActor->SetProperty(coneProperty);
 
	//搭建舞台  实例化对象renderer
	vtkRenderer* renderer = vtkRenderer::New();
	renderer->AddActor(coneActor);//将演员加入场景
	renderer->SetBackground(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);//设置场景背景颜色是绿色(R,G,B)
 
	//实例化一个窗口对象renWin
	vtkRenderWindow* renWin = vtkRenderWindow::New();
	renWin->SetSize(400, 200);//设置窗口大小宽*高
	renWin->AddRenderer(renderer);//将场景renderer加入renWin窗口中
 
	//实例化一个交互对象
	vtkRenderWindowInteractor* interactor = vtkRenderWindowInteractor::New();//交互对象加入renWin窗口中
	interactor->SetRenderWindow(renWin);
 
	renWin->Render();//绘制舞台上的东西
 
	interactor->Initialize();//交互对象初始化
	interactor->Start();//开始交互事件
 
	//释放内存
	cone->Delete();
	coneActor->Delete();
	coneMapper->Delete();
	renderer->Delete();
	renWin->Delete();
	interactor->Delete();
 
	return 0;
}

实例6：加入灯光（蓝色背景+白色演员+红色环境光）

#include "vtkAutoInit.h" 
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
 
#include //源数据
#include //数据映射
#include //绘制器
#include //绘制窗口
#include //演员
#include //照相机
#include //加入交互机制类
#include //属性
#include //光照类
 
 
int main()
{
	//指针创建一个圆锥cone
	vtkConeSource* cone = vtkConeSource::New();
	cone->SetResolution(5);//圆锥的棱边数
	cone->SetHeight(3);//指定高度
	cone->SetRadius(1);//指定半径
 
	//实例化一个映射器coneMapper
	vtkPolyDataMapper* coneMapper = vtkPolyDataMapper::New();
	coneMapper->SetInputConnection(cone->GetOutputPort());//源数据输出给映射器输入
 
	//创建一个演员对象coneActor
	vtkActor* coneActor = vtkActor::New();
	coneActor->SetMapper(coneMapper);//为演员指定mapper进行映射
	//coneActor->GetProperty()->SetColor(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);//设置对象颜色为蓝色
 
	//搭建舞台  实例化渲染器对象renderer
	vtkRenderer* renderer = vtkRenderer::New();
	renderer->AddActor(coneActor);//将演员加入场景
	renderer->SetBackground(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);//设置场景背景颜色为蓝色(R,G,B)
 
	vtkLight* light = vtkLight::New();//实例化一个灯光对象
	//light->SetSpecularColor(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);//设置镜面反射光颜色为Red
	//light->SetDiffuseColor(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);//设置散射光为Green
	light->SetColor(1.0,0.0,0.0);//设置环境光为红色
	renderer->AddLight(light);//将灯光加入渲染器
 
	//实例化一个窗口对象renWin
	vtkRenderWindow* renWin = vtkRenderWindow::New();
	renWin->SetSize(400, 200);//设置窗口大小宽*高
	renWin->AddRenderer(renderer);//将场景renderer加入renWin窗口中
 
	//实例化一个交互对象
	vtkRenderWindowInteractor* interactor = vtkRenderWindowInteractor::New();//交互对象加入renWin窗口中
	interactor->SetRenderWindow(renWin);
 
	renWin->Render();//绘制舞台上的东西
 
	interactor->Initialize();//交互对象初始化
	interactor->Start();//开始交互事件
 
	//释放内存
	cone->Delete();
	coneActor->Delete();
	coneMapper->Delete();
	renderer->Delete();
	renWin->Delete();
	interactor->Delete();
	light->Delete();
 
	return 0;
}

实例7：相机控制

未加入相机控制时演员位置：

加入相机控制时演员位置（视角为x轴负方向）：

#include "vtkAutoInit.h" 
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
 
#include //源数据
#include //数据映射
#include //绘制器
#include //绘制窗口
#include //演员
#include //照相机
#include //加入交互机制类
#include //属性
#include //光照类
 
int main()
{
	//指针创建一个圆锥cone
	vtkConeSource* cone = vtkConeSource::New();
	cone->SetResolution(5);//圆锥的棱边数
	cone->SetHeight(3);//指定高度
	cone->SetRadius(1);//指定半径
 
	//实例化一个映射器coneMapper
	vtkPolyDataMapper* coneMapper = vtkPolyDataMapper::New();
	coneMapper->SetInputConnection(cone->GetOutputPort());//源数据输出给映射器输入
 
	//创建一个演员对象coneActor
	vtkActor* coneActor = vtkActor::New();
	coneActor->SetMapper(coneMapper);//为演员指定mapper进行映射
	coneActor->GetProperty()->SetColor(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);//设置对象颜色为白色
 
	//搭建舞台  实例化渲染器对象renderer
	vtkRenderer* renderer = vtkRenderer::New();
	renderer->AddActor(coneActor);//将演员加入场景
	renderer->SetBackground(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);//设置场景背景颜色为蓝色(R,G,B)
 
 
	vtkLight* light = vtkLight::New();//实例化一个灯光对象
	//light->SetSpecularColor(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);//设置镜面反射光颜色为Red
	//light->SetDiffuseColor(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);//设置散射光为Green
	light->SetColor(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);//设置环境光为红色
	renderer->AddLight(light);//将灯光加入渲染器
 
 
	//实例化一个照相机对象camera
	//相对屏幕，x轴正方向：从左往右  y轴正方向：从下往上  z轴正方向：从里往外
	//方法一：
	vtkCamera *camera = vtkCamera::New();
	camera->SetPosition(5.0,0.0,0.0);//照相机位置(x,y,z)
	camera->SetFocalPoint(-1.0,0.0,0.0);//焦点方向
	camera->SetViewUp(0.0,1.0,0.0);//线上向量
	renderer->SetActiveCamera(camera);//设置我们创建的camera对象为活动的照相机
	
	//方法二：
    /*renderer->GetActiveCamera()->SetPosition(5.0, 0.0, 0.0);
	renderer->GetActiveCamera()->SetFocalPoint(-1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
	renderer->GetActiveCamera()->SetViewUp(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);*/
 
 
	//实例化一个窗口对象renWin
	vtkRenderWindow* renWin = vtkRenderWindow::New();
	renWin->SetSize(400, 200);//设置窗口大小宽*高
	renWin->AddRenderer(renderer);//将场景renderer加入renWin窗口中
 
	//实例化一个交互对象
	vtkRenderWindowInteractor* interactor = vtkRenderWindowInteractor::New();//交互对象加入renWin窗口中
	interactor->SetRenderWindow(renWin);
 
	renWin->Render();//绘制舞台上的东西
 
	interactor->Initialize();//交互对象初始化
	interactor->Start();//开始交互事件
 
	//释放内存
	cone->Delete();
	coneActor->Delete();
	coneMapper->Delete();
	renderer->Delete();
	renWin->Delete();
	interactor->Delete();
	light->Delete();
	camera->Delete();
 
	return 0;
}

相机绕着焦点旋转：

焦点绕着相机旋转：

实例8：command与observe设计模式

（当交互使相机变化时打印出当前相机的坐标，当发生拾取演员事件时，演员设置为红色）

#include "vtkAutoInit.h" 
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
//自定义类vtkMyCallback，输出当前相机坐标（x,y,z)
class vtkMyCallback : public vtkCommand
{
public://公共成员
	static vtkMyCallback *New() //静态重载New函数，提醒返回用New创建的类vtkMyCallback
	{ return new vtkMyCallback; }
	//重载command虚拟函数Execute
	virtual void Execute(vtkObject *caller, unsigned long, void*)
	{
		//将caller转型为renderer对象
		vtkRenderer *renderer = reinterpret_cast<vtkRenderer*>(caller);
		//输出相机位置（x,y,z)
		cout << renderer->GetActiveCamera()->GetPosition()[0] << " "
			<< renderer->GetActiveCamera()->GetPosition()[1] << " "
			<< renderer->GetActiveCamera()->GetPosition()[2] << "\n";
	}
};
//自定义类vtkMyCallback2，设置演员的颜色为红色
class vtkMyCallback2 : public vtkCommand
{
public:
	static vtkMyCallback2 *New()
	{
		return new vtkMyCallback2;
	}
	//重载command虚拟函数Execute
	virtual void Execute(vtkObject *caller, unsigned long eventId, void *callData)
	{
		//将caller转型为actor对象
		vtkActor *actor = reinterpret_cast<vtkActor*>(caller);
		//设置演员的颜色为红色
		actor->GetProperty()->SetColor(1.0,0.0,0.0);
	}
};
 
int main()
{
	//实例化一个椎体对象cone
	vtkConeSource *cone=vtkConeSource::New();
	cone->SetResolution (10);
	cone->SetHeight(3);
	cone->SetRadius(1);
 
	vtkPolyDataMapper *coneMapper=vtkPolyDataMapper::New();
	coneMapper->SetInputConnection(cone->GetOutputPort());
 
	vtkActor *coneActor=vtkActor::New();
	coneActor->SetMapper(coneMapper);
 
	//实例化回调函数mycallback2
	vtkMyCallback2 *mycallback2 = vtkMyCallback2::New();
	//监听器Observer如果发现有拾取事件PickEvent发生，则调用mycallback2对象
	coneActor->AddObserver(vtkCommand::PickEvent,mycallback2);
	mycallback2->Delete();
 
	vtkRenderer *renderer=vtkRenderer::New();
	renderer->AddActor(coneActor);
	renderer->SetBackground(0.1,0.2,0.4);
 
	//实例化回调函数mycallback
	vtkMyCallback *mo1 = vtkMyCallback::New();
	//监听器Observer如果发现renderer有交互开始事件StartEvent发生，则调用mol对象
	renderer->AddObserver(vtkCommand::StartEvent,mo1);
	mo1->Delete(); 
 
	vtkRenderWindow *renWin=vtkRenderWindow::New();
	renWin->SetSize(400,400);
	renWin->AddRenderer(renderer);
 
	vtkRenderWindowInteractor *interactor = vtkRenderWindowInteractor::New();
	interactor->SetRenderWindow(renWin);
	renWin->Render();
	interactor->Initialize();
	interactor->Start();
   
	cone->Delete();
	coneActor->Delete();
	coneMapper->Delete();
	renderer->Delete();
	renWin->Delete();
	interactor->Delete();
 
	return 0;
 
}

按下p键进行拾取：

实例9：坐标系统1

#include "vtkAutoInit.h" 
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
#include //源数据
#include //立方体
#include //数据映射
#include //绘制器
#include //绘制窗口
#include //照相机
#include //加入交互机制类
 
 
int main()
{
	//指针创建一个锥体cone
	vtkConeSource* cone = vtkConeSource::New();
	cone->SetResolution(5);//圆锥的棱边数
	cone->SetHeight(3);//指定高度
	cone->SetRadius(1);//指定半径
 
	//指针创建一个柱体
	vtkCubeSource* cube = vtkCubeSource::New();
 
	//实例化一个映射器coneMapper
	vtkPolyDataMapper* coneMapper = vtkPolyDataMapper::New();
	coneMapper->SetInputConnection(cone->GetOutputPort());//源数据输出给映射器输入
 
	//实例化一个映射器cubeMapper
	vtkPolyDataMapper* cubeMapper = vtkPolyDataMapper::New();
	cubeMapper->SetInputConnection(cube->GetOutputPort());//源数据输出给映射器输入
 
	//创建一个演员对象coneActor
	vtkActor* coneActor = vtkActor::New();
	coneActor->SetMapper(coneMapper);//为演员指定mapper进行映射
 
	//创建一个演员对象cubeActor
	vtkActor* cubeActor = vtkActor::New();
	cubeActor->SetMapper(cubeMapper);//为演员指定mapper进行映射
 
	//搭建舞台  实例化渲染器对象renderer
	vtkRenderer* renderer = vtkRenderer::New();
	renderer->AddActor(coneActor);//将演员加入场景
	renderer->SetBackground(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);//设置场景背景颜色为蓝色(R,G,B)
	//在绘制窗口指定视口（Xmin,Ymin,Xmax,Ymax)(x,y范围都为0~1)
	renderer->SetViewport(0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0);//左边视口
 
	//搭建舞台  实例化渲染器对象renderer2
	vtkRenderer* renderer2 = vtkRenderer::New();
	renderer2->AddActor(cubeActor);//将演员加入场景
	renderer2->SetBackground(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);//设置场景背景颜色为红色(R,G,B)
	renderer2->SetViewport(0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0);//右边视口
 
	//实例化一个窗口对象renWin
	vtkRenderWindow* renWin = vtkRenderWindow::New();
	renWin->SetSize(400, 200);//设置窗口大小宽*高
	renWin->AddRenderer(renderer);//将场景renderer加入renWin窗口中
	renWin->AddRenderer(renderer2);//将场景renderer2加入renWin窗口中
 
	//实例化一个交互对象
	vtkRenderWindowInteractor* interactor = vtkRenderWindowInteractor::New();//交互对象加入renWin窗口中
	interactor->SetRenderWindow(renWin);
 
	renWin->Render();//绘制舞台上的东西
 
	interactor->Initialize();//交互对象初始化
	interactor->Start();//开始交互事件
 
	cone->Delete();
	cube->Delete();
	coneActor->Delete();
	cubeActor->Delete();
	coneMapper->Delete();
	cubeMapper->Delete();
	renderer->Delete();
	renderer2->Delete();
	renWin->Delete();
	interactor->Delete();
 
	return 0;
}

实例10：坐标系统2

#include "vtkAutoInit.h" 
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
#include //源数据
#include //立方体
#include //数据映射
#include //绘制器
#include //绘制窗口
#include //照相机
#include //加入交互机制类
 
 
int main()
{
	//指针创建一个锥体cone
	vtkConeSource* cone = vtkConeSource::New();
	cone->SetResolution(5);//圆锥的棱边数
	cone->SetHeight(3);//指定高度
	cone->SetRadius(1);//指定半径
 
	//指针创建一个柱体
	vtkCubeSource* cube = vtkCubeSource::New();
 
	//实例化一个映射器coneMapper
	vtkPolyDataMapper* coneMapper = vtkPolyDataMapper::New();
	coneMapper->SetInputConnection(cone->GetOutputPort());//源数据输出给映射器输入
 
	//实例化一个映射器cubeMapper
	vtkPolyDataMapper* cubeMapper = vtkPolyDataMapper::New();
	cubeMapper->SetInputConnection(cube->GetOutputPort());//源数据输出给映射器输入
 
	//创建一个演员对象coneActor
	vtkActor* coneActor = vtkActor::New();
	coneActor->SetMapper(coneMapper);//为演员指定mapper进行映射
 
	//创建一个演员对象cubeActor
	vtkActor* cubeActor = vtkActor::New();
	cubeActor->SetMapper(cubeMapper);//为演员指定mapper进行映射
 
	//搭建舞台  实例化渲染器对象renderer
	vtkRenderer* renderer = vtkRenderer::New();
	renderer->AddActor(coneActor);//将演员加入场景
	renderer->SetBackground(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);//设置场景背景颜色为红色(R,G,B)
	//在绘制窗口指定视口（Xmin,Ymin,Xmax,Ymax)(x,y范围都为0~1)
	renderer->SetViewport(0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 0.5);//视口1
 
	//搭建舞台  实例化渲染器对象renderer2
	vtkRenderer* renderer2 = vtkRenderer::New();
	renderer2->AddActor(cubeActor);//将演员加入场景
	renderer2->SetBackground(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);//设置场景背景颜色为绿色(R,G,B)
	renderer2->SetViewport(0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 0.5);//视口2
 
	vtkRenderer* renderer3 = vtkRenderer::New();
	renderer3->AddActor(cubeActor);
	renderer3->SetBackground(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);//蓝色
	renderer3->SetViewport(0.0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0);//视口3
 
	vtkRenderer* renderer4 = vtkRenderer::New();
	renderer4->AddActor(coneActor);
	renderer4->SetBackground(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);//黄色
	renderer4->SetViewport(0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0);//视口4
 
	//实例化一个窗口对象renWin
	vtkRenderWindow* renWin = vtkRenderWindow::New();
	renWin->SetSize(640, 480);//设置窗口大小宽*高
	renWin->AddRenderer(renderer);//将场景renderer加入renWin窗口中
	renWin->AddRenderer(renderer2);//将场景renderer2加入renWin窗口中
	renWin->AddRenderer(renderer3);
	renWin->AddRenderer(renderer4);
 
	//实例化一个交互对象
	vtkRenderWindowInteractor* interactor = vtkRenderWindowInteractor::New();//交互对象加入renWin窗口中
	interactor->SetRenderWindow(renWin);
 
	renWin->Render();//绘制舞台上的东西
 
	interactor->Initialize();//交互对象初始化
	interactor->Start();//开始交互事件
 
	cone->Delete();
	cube->Delete();
	coneActor->Delete();
	cubeActor->Delete();
	coneMapper->Delete();
	cubeMapper->Delete();
	renderer->Delete();
	renderer2->Delete();
	renderer3->Delete();
	renderer4->Delete();
	renWin->Delete();
	interactor->Delete();
 
	return 0;
}

实例11：读取BMP图像并显示

窗宽（Window Width）：表示所显示信号强度值的范围(CT图像上所包含的CT值范围)

窗位（Window Level）：又称窗水平。窗位是指窗宽上下限的平均数（窗位的高低影响图像的亮度）

例如：窗宽为300H，当窗位是0H时，其CT值范围为－150H～0H~＋150H；如窗位是＋40H时，则CT值范围为

－110H～+40H~＋190H。通常欲观察某一组织的结构及发生的病变，应以该组织的CT值为窗位。

#include "vtkAutoInit.h" 
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
 
#include //BMP读取类
#include //显示2D图像类
#include //交互器类
 
int main()
{
	//实例化一个对象bmpReader
	vtkBMPReader* bmpReader = vtkBMPReader::New();
	bmpReader->SetFileName("1234.bmp");//读取图片
 
	//实例化一个对象bmpViewer
	vtkImageViewer* bmpViewer = vtkImageViewer::New();
	bmpViewer->SetInputConnection(bmpReader->GetOutputPort());//读取的图像数据输出给显示对象输入
	bmpViewer->SetColorLevel(128);//设置窗位   
	bmpViewer->SetColorWindow(256);//设置窗宽  
	bmpViewer->Render();//显示图像
 
	//加入交互机制
	//实例化一个交互器对象interactor
	vtkRenderWindowInteractor* interactor = vtkRenderWindowInteractor::New();
	bmpViewer->SetupInteractor(interactor);
	interactor->Initialize();
	interactor->Start();//使交互器处于等待状态
 
	//getchar();
	//释放内存
	bmpReader->Delete();
	bmpViewer->Delete();
	interactor->Delete();
 
	return 0;
 
}

实例12：读取PNG图像并显示

#include "vtkAutoInit.h" 
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
 
#include //PNG读取类
#include //显示2D图像类
#include //交互器类
 
int main()
{
	//实例化一个对象pngReader
	vtkPNGReader* pngReader = vtkPNGReader::New();
	pngReader->SetFileName("wode.png");//读取图片
 
	//实例化一个对象pngViewer
	vtkImageViewer* bmpViewer = vtkImageViewer::New();
	bmpViewer->SetInputConnection(pngReader->GetOutputPort());//读取的图像数据输出给显示对象输入
	bmpViewer->SetColorLevel(128);//设置窗位   
	bmpViewer->SetColorWindow(256);//设置窗宽  
	bmpViewer->Render();//显示图像
 
	//加入交互机制
	//实例化一个交互器对象interactor
	vtkRenderWindowInteractor* interactor = vtkRenderWindowInteractor::New();
	bmpViewer->SetupInteractor(interactor);
	interactor->Initialize();
	interactor->Start();//使交互器处于等待状态
 
	//getchar();
	//释放内存
	pngReader->Delete();
	bmpViewer->Delete();
	interactor->Delete();
 
	return 0;
 
}

实例13：读取JPG图像并显示

#include "vtkAutoInit.h" 
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
 
#include //JPG读取类
#include //显示2D图像类
#include //交互器类
 
int main()
{
	//实例化一个对象jpegReader
	vtkJPEGReader* jpegReader = vtkJPEGReader::New();
	jpegReader->SetFileName("789.jpg");//读取图片
		
	//实例化一个对象jpegViewer
	vtkImageViewer* jpegViewer = vtkImageViewer::New();
	jpegViewer->SetInputConnection(jpegReader->GetOutputPort());//读取的图像数据输出给显示对象输入
	jpegViewer->SetColorLevel(128);//设置窗位   
	jpegViewer->SetColorWindow(256);//设置窗宽  
	jpegViewer->Render();//显示图像
 
	//加入交互机制
	//实例化一个交互器对象interactor
	vtkRenderWindowInteractor* interactor = vtkRenderWindowInteractor::New();
	jpegViewer->SetupInteractor(interactor);
	interactor->Initialize();
	interactor->Start();//使交互器处于等待状态
 
	//getchar();
	//释放内存
	jpegReader->Delete();
	jpegViewer->Delete();
	interactor->Delete();
 
	return 0;
 
}

实例14：读取DCM医学图像并显示

#include "vtkAutoInit.h" 
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
 
#include //DCM医学文件读取类
#include //显示2D图像类
#include //交互器类
 
int main()
{
	int dim[2];
	//实例化一个对象dcmReader
	vtkDICOMImageReader* dcmReader = vtkDICOMImageReader::New();
	dcmReader->SetFileName("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\VTK2\\hellovtk\\CT\\123.dcm");//读单张切片
	//reader->SetDirectoryName("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\VTK2\\hellovtk\\CT_all");//读序列切片
	
	//实例化一个对象dcmViewer
	vtkImageViewer* dcmViewer = vtkImageViewer::New();
	dcmViewer->SetInputConnection(dcmReader->GetOutputPort());//读取的图像数据输出给显示对象输入
	//dcmViewer->SetColorLevel(400);//设置窗位   
	//dcmViewer->SetColorWindow(800);//设置窗宽  
	dim[0] = dcmViewer->GetColorLevel();//显示窗位1000   
	dim[1] = dcmViewer->GetColorWindow();//显示窗宽2000
	printf("%d   %d", dim[0], dim[1]);
 
	dcmViewer->Render();//显示图像
 
	//加入交互机制
	//实例化一个交互器对象interactor
	vtkRenderWindowInteractor* interactor = vtkRenderWindowInteractor::New();
	dcmViewer->SetupInteractor(interactor);
	interactor->Initialize();
	interactor->Start();//使交互器处于等待状态
 
	/*getchar();*/
	//释放内存
	dcmReader->Delete();
	dcmViewer->Delete();
	interactor->Delete();
 
	return 0;
 
}

鼠标左键按住不放，上下移动调整窗位，左右移动调整窗宽

实例15：图像数据测量

// ±?ày×ó?éó?óú?áè?μ￥·ùCTí???2￠??ê??àó|DICOM???t?Dí·D??￠?￡ 
 
// First include the required header files for the VTK classes we are using. 
#include "vtkAutoInit.h" 
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
#include "vtkDICOMImageReader.h" 
#include "vtkBMPReader.h" 
#include "vtkVolume16Reader.h" 
#include "vtkImageViewer.h" 
#include "vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h" 
 
//??2¨oˉêy 
#include "vtkImageMagnify.h" 
#include "vtkTransform.h" 
 
  
int main() 
{ 
    vtkBMPReader   *dr =  vtkBMPReader::New(); 
	  dr->SetDataByteOrderToLittleEndian(); 
	  dr->SetFileName("1234.bmp"); 
	  dr->SetDataOrigin(0,0,0.0); 
	 vtkTransform *t1=vtkTransform::New();	 
		t1->RotateZ(0); 
	  dr->SetTransform(t1); 
 
//=================================================	   
//??2¨2ù×÷ 
 
    vtkImageMagnify *mfy=vtkImageMagnify::New(); 
	//í???·?′ó,2??áó? 
      mfy->SetInputConnection(dr->GetOutputPort()); 
	  mfy->SetMagnificationFactors(3,2,2);//???ü·?′ó??êy±?,??DCMí????TD§ 
 
//======================================================= 
 
    vtkImageViewer  *viewer = vtkImageViewer::New(); 
	  viewer->SetInputConnection(mfy->GetOutputPort());
	  viewer->SetColorWindow(1000); 
	  viewer->SetColorLevel(200); 
	  viewer->SetPosition(0,0); 
	  viewer->Render();
 
    vtkRenderWindowInteractor *viewerinter = vtkRenderWindowInteractor::New(); 
	  viewer->SetupInteractor(viewerinter); 
 
    vtkImageViewer  *viewer2 = vtkImageViewer::New(); 
	  viewer2->SetInputConnection(dr->GetOutputPort());
	  viewer2->SetColorWindow(256); 
	  viewer2->SetColorLevel(200); 
	  viewer2->SetPosition(0,100); 
	  viewer2->Render(); 
 
    vtkRenderWindowInteractor *viewerinter2 = vtkRenderWindowInteractor::New(); 
	  viewer2->SetupInteractor(viewerinter2); 
 
	    
	viewerinter->Initialize(); 
    viewerinter->Start();  
   
 
//	cout
	mfy->Delete(); 
	viewer->Delete(); 
	viewerinter->Delete(); 
    viewer2->Delete(); 
	viewerinter2->Delete(); 
	return 0; 
} 

实例16：手动创建vtkPolyData数据集

// This example shows how to manually create vtkPolyData.
#include "vtkAutoInit.h" 
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
 
#include "vtkActor.h"
#include "vtkCamera.h"
#include "vtkCellArray.h"   //基元数组类
#include "vtkFloatArray.h"  //浮点型数组类
#include "vtkPointData.h"
#include "vtkPoints.h"
#include "vtkPolyData.h"    //多边形数据类型类
#include "vtkPolyDataMapper.h"
#include "vtkRenderWindow.h"
#include "vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h"
#include "vtkRenderer.h"
 
int main()
{
  int i;
  //立方体的八个顶点（每个顶点坐标由三个点组成）
  static float x[8][3]={{0,0,0}, {1,0,0}, {1,1,0}, {0,1,0},
                        {0,0,1}, {1,0,1}, {1,1,1}, {0,1,1}};
  //立方体的六个面（每个面由四个点的标号组成）
  static vtkIdType pts[6][4]={{0,1,2,3}, {4,5,6,7}, {0,1,5,4},
                        {1,2,6,5}, {2,3,7,6}, {3,0,4,7}};
  
  // We'll create the building blocks of polydata including data attributes.
  //实例化一个多边形数据对象cube
  vtkPolyData *cube = vtkPolyData::New();
  //实例化一个点对象points
  vtkPoints *points = vtkPoints::New();
  //单元对象
  vtkCellArray *polys = vtkCellArray::New(); 
  //浮点数组对象
  vtkFloatArray *scalars = vtkFloatArray::New();
 
  // Load the point, cell, and data attributes.
  for (i=0; i<8; i++) points->InsertPoint(i,x[i]);//加载立方体的8个顶点
  for (i=0; i<6; i++) polys->InsertNextCell(4,pts[i]);//加载每个面由4个点组成的六个面
  for (i=0; i<8; i++) scalars->InsertTuple1(i,i);//绑定标量数据
 
  // We now assign the pieces to the vtkPolyData.
  //与vtkPolyData型数据对象进行关联
  cube->SetPoints(points);//进行点关联
  points->Delete();
  cube->SetPolys(polys);//进行面关联
  polys->Delete();
  cube->GetPointData()->SetScalars(scalars);//进行元组绑定
  scalars->Delete();
 
  // Now we'll look at it.
  //多边形数据送入图像界面进行绘制
 
  vtkPolyDataMapper *cubeMapper = vtkPolyDataMapper::New();
      cubeMapper->SetInputData(cube);//vtkPolyData数据输出给映射器输入
      cubeMapper->SetScalarRange(0,7);//设置标量数据范围0~7
 
  //实例化一个演员cubeActor
  vtkActor *cubeActor = vtkActor::New();
      cubeActor->SetMapper(cubeMapper);
 
  vtkCamera* camera = vtkCamera::New();
      camera->SetPosition(1, 1, 1);//设置相机位置为（1，1，1）
      camera->SetFocalPoint(0, 0, 0);
 
  vtkRenderer* renderer = vtkRenderer::New();
      renderer->AddActor(cubeActor);
      renderer->SetActiveCamera(camera);
      renderer->ResetCamera();
      renderer->SetBackground(1, 1, 1);
     
  vtkRenderWindow *renWin = vtkRenderWindow::New();
      renWin->AddRenderer(renderer);
      renWin->SetSize(300, 300);
 
  vtkRenderWindowInteractor *iren = vtkRenderWindowInteractor::New();
      iren->SetRenderWindow(renWin);
 
  // interact with data
  renWin->Render();//绘制舞台上的东西
  iren->Start();//开始交互
 
  // Clean up
  cube->Delete();
  cubeMapper->Delete();
  cubeActor->Delete();
  camera->Delete();
  renderer->Delete();
  renWin->Delete();
  iren->Delete();
 
  return 0;
}

实例17：手动创建vtkImageData数据集

#include "vtkAutoInit.h" 
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
 
#include "vtkRenderer.h"
#include "vtkRenderWindow.h"
#include "vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h"
#include "vtkImageData.h"
#include "vtkFloatArray.h"
#include "vtkContourFilter.h"
#include "vtkPolyDataMapper.h"
#include "vtkActor.h"
#include "vtkPointData.h"
 
int main ()
{
  int i, j, k, kOffset, jOffset, offset;
  float x, y, z, s, sp;
  
  vtkRenderer *renderer = vtkRenderer::New();
  vtkRenderWindow *renWin = vtkRenderWindow::New();
    renWin->AddRenderer(renderer);
  vtkRenderWindowInteractor *iren = vtkRenderWindowInteractor::New();
    iren->SetRenderWindow(renWin);
 
//实例化一个vtkImageData数据对象vol
  vtkImageData *vol = vtkImageData::New();
      vol->SetDimensions(26,26,26);//设置各个方向坐标轴的大小
      vol->SetOrigin(-0.5,-0.5,-0.5);//定义原点
      sp = 1.0/25.0;
      vol->SetSpacing(sp, sp, sp);
 
//绑定一个属性数据
  vtkFloatArray *scalars = vtkFloatArray::New();
  for (k=0; k<26; k++)
    {
    z = -0.5 + k*sp;
    kOffset = k * 26 * 26;
    for (j=0; j<26; j++) 
      {
      y = -0.5 + j*sp;
      jOffset = j * 26;
      for (i=0; i<26; i++) 
        {
        x = -0.5 + i*sp;
        s = x*x + y*y + z*z - (0.4*0.4);
        offset = i + jOffset + kOffset;
        scalars->InsertTuple1(offset,s);
        }
      }
    }
  vol->GetPointData()->SetScalars(scalars);
  scalars->Delete();
  //求取等式面、等高线等
  //vtkSmartPointer contour = vtkSmartPointer::New();
  vtkContourFilter *contour = vtkContourFilter::New();
  contour->SetInputData(vol);
  contour->SetValue(0,0.0);//设置等值
  contour->Update();
 
  vtkPolyDataMapper *volMapper = vtkPolyDataMapper::New();
      volMapper->SetInputData(contour->GetOutput());
      volMapper->ScalarVisibilityOff();
  vtkActor *volActor = vtkActor::New();
      volActor->SetMapper(volMapper);
 
  renderer->AddActor(volActor);
      renderer->SetBackground(1,1,1);
  renWin->SetSize(450,450);
 
  // interact with data
  renWin->Render();
  iren->Start();
 
  // Clean up
  renderer->Delete();
  renWin->Delete();
  iren->Delete();
  vol->Delete();
  scalars->Delete();
  contour->Delete();
  volMapper->Delete();
  volActor->Delete();
 
  return 0;
}

实例18：柱体的交互

#include "vtkAutoInit.h" 
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL2);
VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkInteractionStyle);
 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
 
int main()
{
	//定义一个vtkCylinderSource类型的对象cylinder
	//vtkCylinderSource主要是生成一个中心在渲染场景原点的柱体，类型为（vtkPolyData)
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkCylinderSource> cylinder = 
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkCylinderSource>::New();
	cylinder->SetHeight( 3.0 );//设置柱体的高
	cylinder->SetRadius( 1.0 );//设置柱体横截面半径
	cylinder->SetResolution( 10 ); //设置柱体横截面的等边多边形的边数
 
	//将输入的数据转换为几何图元（点、线、多边形）进行渲染
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> cylinderMapper = 
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
	cylinderMapper->SetInputConnection( cylinder->GetOutputPort() ); 
 
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> cylinderActor = 
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
	//设置生成几何图元的Mapper,即连接一个Actor到可视化管线的末端
	cylinderActor->SetMapper( cylinderMapper );
	cylinderActor->GetProperty()->SetColor(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
 
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> renderer = 
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
	renderer->AddActor( cylinderActor );
	renderer->SetBackground( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 );
 
	//将操作系统与VTK渲染引擎连接到一起
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow> renWin = 
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();
	renWin->AddRenderer( renderer );//加入vtkRenderer对象
	renWin->SetSize( 640, 480 );//设置窗口大小，像素为单位
	renWin->Render();//场景渲染
	renWin->SetWindowName("RenderCylinder");
 
	//提供平台独立的响应鼠标、键盘和时钟事件的交互机制
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor> iren = 
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New();
	iren->SetRenderWindow(renWin);
 
	//交互器样式的一种，可通过控制相机对物体作旋转、放大、缩小等操作
	vtkSmartPointer<vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera> style = 
		vtkSmartPointer<vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera>::New();
	iren->SetInteractorStyle(style);
 
	iren->Initialize();
	iren->Start();
 
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}