修改props$中字符集的恢复
具体步骤:
cd /cd /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/nls/lbuilder
./lbuilder
进入LOCALE BUILDER工具
1.在菜单FILE---OPEN------BY OBJECT NAME----打开ZHS16GBK的字符集----然后修改字符集的名称为ZHS6GBK,其他都不修改
2.在菜单TOOLS-----GENERATE NLB
向ORA_NLS10指定的目录生成NLB文件后,即可打开数据库
还有一步，update props$ 成原始的ZHS16GBK
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters;
PARAMETER VALUE
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
NLS_LANGUAGE AMERICAN
NLS_TERRITORY AMERICA
NLS_CURRENCY $
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY AMERICA
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS .,
NLS_CHARACTERSET zhs6gbk
NLS_CALENDAR GREGORIAN
NLS_DATE_FORMAT DD-MON-RR
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE AMERICAN
NLS_SORT BINARY
NLS_TIME_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM
PARAMETER VALUE
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY $
NLS_COMP BINARY
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS BYTE
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP FALSE
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET zhs6gbk
NLS_RDBMS_VERSION 10.2.0.3.0
------------------------------ -------------------------------
在9i和10g的数据库中（11g不知道有没有lbuilder这个工具），如果我们update了props$数据字典中的多个字符集的值，造成数据库无法启动，除了用bbed modify数据块外，oracle还自带了一个工具lbuilder，可以用来恢复。
下面介绍下这个工具的使用。
数据库版本和原来的字符集：
BANNER
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE 9.2.0.3.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters ;
PARAMETER VALUE
------------------------------------------------------------ ------------ NLS_LANGUAGE AMERICAN
NLS_TERRITORY AMERICA
NLS_CURRENCY $
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY AMERICA
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS .,
NLS_CHARACTERSET WE8ISO8859P1
NLS_CALENDAR GREGORIAN
NLS_DATE_FORMAT DD-MON-RR
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE AMERICAN
NLS_SORT BINARY
NLS_TIME_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY $
NLS_COMP BINARY
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS BYTE
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP FALSE
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET AL16UTF16
NLS_RDBMS_VERSION 9.2.0.4.0
20 rows selected .
SQL >
SQL>
下面我们将字符集update成错误的字符集：
2 where name='NLS_CHARACTERSET' ;
1 row updated .
SQL >
SQL >
SQL> update props$ set value$='zhs6gbk'
2 where name='NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET' ;
1 row updated .
SQL> commit ;
Commit complete .
SQL>
重启数据库的时候，我们发现数据库已经启动不了了：
Database closed .
Database dismounted .
ORACLE instance shut down .
SQL >
SQL >
SQL >
SQL> startup ;
ORACLE instance started .
Total System Global Area 370218244 bytes
Fixed Size 451844 bytes
Variable Size 167772160 bytes
Database Buffers 201326592 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted .
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
在alertlog中可以看到关于字符集的报错：ORA-12701: CREATE DATABASE character set is not known
Undo Segment 8 Onlined
Undo Segment 9 Onlined
Undo Segment 10 Onlined
Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 1.
Wed Jan 16 23:46:44 2008
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Wed Jan 16 23:46:44 2008
Errors in file /oracle/admin/oradg/udump/oradg_ora_4550.trc:
ORA-12701: CREATE DATABASE character set is not known
Wed Jan 16 23:46:44 2008
Error 12701 happened during db open, shutting down database
USER: terminating instance due to error 12701
Wed Jan 16 23:46:44 2008
Errors in file /oracle/admin/oradg/bdump/oradg_dbw0_4528.trc:
ORA-12701: CREATE DATABASE character set is not known
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 4550
ORA-1092 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN...
此时数据库已经无法open，只能到mount状态。因此无法在用update的方式更新回正确的数据。怎么办？
oracle提供了一个lbuilder（locale builder）可以用来修改字符集，启动数据库。从而再次update回正确的props$表。lbuilder和oracle的安装类似，需要有xwindows环境运行。
lbuilder的启动界面：
主界面：
我们选择file-open-by object name
选择原来能正确启动的字符集：
注：原来正确能启动的字符集，我们可以中alertlog中观察到：
Wed Jan 16 00:47:43 2008
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Wed Jan 16 00:47:43 2008
Database Characterset is WE8ISO8859P1 <------------------ 注意此处！！
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found )
Completed: ALTER DATABASE OPEN
把这个字符集的名字改成update之前错误update成的名字：
update成错误的字符集，我们在alertlog中也能看到：
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Thu Jan 17 00:25:42 2008
Updating character set in controlfile to ZHS6GBK <------------------ 注意此处！！
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
把WE8ISO8859P1改成zhs6gbk：
改完后选择Generate NLB：
选择$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/data：
点击OK：
最后点击右边的保存图标保存：
重新启动数据库：
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jan 17 00:25:28 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved .
Connected to an idle instance .
SQL >
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
SQL >
SQL >
SQL >
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started .
Total System Global Area 370218244 bytes
Fixed Size 451844 bytes
Variable Size 167772160 bytes
Database Buffers 201326592 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted .
Database opened .
SQL>
记得将props$表的字符集update回去：
1 row updated .
SQL> update props$ set value$='AL16UTF16' where name='NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET' ;
1 row updated .
SQL> commit ;
Commit complete .
SQL >
SQL >
SQL >
SQL> shutdown immediate ;
Database closed .
Database dismounted .
ORACLE instance shut down .
SQL >
SQL >
SQL >
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started .
Total System Global Area 370218244 bytes
Fixed Size 451844 bytes
Variable Size 167772160 bytes
Database Buffers 201326592 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted .
Database opened .
SQL >
SQL>
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