实验的目的:
RIPV2 RIP 的升级版 , 它与 RIP 的主要区别有 :RIP 发送数据包的路径是广播 , RIPV2 即是组播 ;RIPV2 支持变长扩展子网掩码 , VLSM, 还支持手动汇总 . 本次实验将介绍 RIPV2 是如何支持 VLSM 及自动汇总与手动汇总的区别 .
实验拓扑图:
实验内容:
一、路由器上的配置
R1 上的配置
Router>en
Router#conf t
粘贴上常用的路由基本命令
Router(config)#enable password cisco
Router(config)#no ip domain-lookup
Router(config)#line con 0
Router(config-line)# exec-timeout 0 0
Router(config-line)# logging synchronous
Router(config-line)#
Router(config-line)#line aux 0
Router(config-line)# exec-timeout 0 0
Router(config-line)# logging synchronous
Router(config-line)#line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)#
Router(config-line)#
Router(config-line)# exec-timeout 0 0
Router(config-line)# password cisco
Router(config-line)#
Router(config-line)# login
Router(config-line)#
Router(config-line)#
Router(config-line)#alias exec a sh ip int bri
Router(config)#alias exec b sh ip route
Router(config)#alias exec c sh ip route rip
Router(config)#alias exec d sh run
设置名称,建立几条虚链路来连接到R2,等下用来验证汇总信息
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#interface loopback 1
R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface loopback 2
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface loopback 3
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface loopback 4
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.3.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface loopback 5
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.4.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface loopback 6
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.5.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config)#interface e0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface s1/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R 上的配置
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#interface s1/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface s1/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit
R3 上的配置
outer(config)#hostname R3
R3(config)#interface loopback 0
R3(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#interface e0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#interface s1/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 172.16.3.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit
二、好了,到这里可以开始配置RIP,注意要升级到V2版本,再给每个路由器配置RIP
R1 上的配置
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#version 2
注意在这里与 RIP 的不同 , 要加上一个 Version 2
R1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.10.0
R2 上的配置
R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#version 2
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0
R3 上的配置
R3(config)#router rip
R3(config-router)#version 2
R3(config-router)#network 3.0.0.0
R3(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0
R3(config-router)#network 172.16.10.0
三、查看路由表
R1 的路由表
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
R    3.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.10.2, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/0
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C       172.16.10.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
R       172.16.3.0 [120/1] via 172.16.2.2, 00:00:25, Serial1/0
                   [120/1] via 172.16.10.2, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/0
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 5 subnets
C       10.1.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback4
C       10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback3
C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback2
C       10.1.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback6
C       10.1.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback5
R2 上的路由表
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

R    1.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0
R    3.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:13, Serial1/1
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
R       172.16.10.0 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0
                    [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:13, Serial1/1
C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C       172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
R    10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/0
R3 上的路由表
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

R    1.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:05, Ethernet0/0
     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C       172.16.10.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
R       172.16.2.0 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:05, Ethernet0/0
                   [120/1] via 172.16.3.1, 00:00:03, Serial1/1
C       172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
R    10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:05, Ethernet0/0
R3#
由于 RIPV2 默认启动路由汇总的 , R2 的路由表上可以看到它已经汇总了路由表 .
四、在R1上去掉自动路由汇总,然后再查看下路由表
去掉路由自动汇总的命令是 :no auto-summary
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary
查看下 R1 上的路由表
R1#show ip route
*Mar  1 01:00:00.451: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
R    3.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.10.2, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C       172.16.10.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
R       172.16.3.0 [120/1] via 172.16.2.2, 00:00:22, Serial1/0
                   [120/1] via 172.16.10.2, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 5 subnets
C       10.1.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback4
C       10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback3
C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback2
C       10.1.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback6
C       10.1.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback5
R2 上的路由表
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
R       1.1.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/0
R       1.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:28, Serial1/0
R    3.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:21, Serial1/1
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
R       172.16.10.0 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/0
                    [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:21, Serial1/1
C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C       172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks
R       10.1.3.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/0
R       10.1.2.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/0
R       10.1.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/0
R       10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:32, Serial1/0
R       10.1.5.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:06, Serial1/0
R       10.1.4.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:06, Serial1/0
R3 上的路由表
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
R       1.1.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0
R       1.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:43, Ethernet0/0
     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C       172.16.10.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
R       172.16.2.0 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0
                   [120/1] via 172.16.3.1, 00:00:10, Serial1/1
C       172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks
R       10.1.3.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0
R       10.1.2.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0
R       10.1.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0
R       10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:43, Ethernet0/0
R       10.1.5.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0
R       10.1.4.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0
注意观察 R2 上的路由表的变化 , 当我们去掉 R1 上的路由自动汇总后 ,R1 传给 R2 的路由已经不再是汇总的了 .
现在让我们在 R1 上设置手动汇总 , 观察手动汇总的结果 .
手动汇总的命令是 :ip summary-address rip
R1(config)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#ip summary-address rip 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0
观察路由表
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       1.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1
R       1.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 172.16.10.2, 00:00:15, Ethernet0/0
                  [120/2] via 172.16.2.2, 00:00:08, Serial1/0
R    3.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.10.2, 00:00:15, Ethernet0/0
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C       172.16.10.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
R       172.16.3.0 [120/1] via 172.16.2.2, 00:00:08, Serial1/0
                   [120/1] via 172.16.10.2, 00:00:15, Ethernet0/0
     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks
C       10.1.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback4
C       10.1.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback3
C       10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback2
R       10.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 172.16.10.2, 00:00:15, Ethernet0/0
                   [120/2] via 172.16.2.2, 00:00:08, Serial1/0
C       10.1.5.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback6
C       10.1.4.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback5
R2 上的路由表
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
R       1.1.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:21, Serial1/0
R       1.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:08, Serial1/1
R    3.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:08, Serial1/1
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
R       172.16.10.0 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:21, Serial1/0
                    [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:08, Serial1/1
C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C       172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 7 subnets, 3 masks
R       10.1.3.0/24 is possibly down,
          routing via 172.16.2.1, Serial1/0
R       10.1.2.0/24 is possibly down,
          routing via 172.16.2.1, Serial1/0
R       10.1.1.0/24 is possibly down,
          routing via 172.16.2.1, Serial1/0
R       10.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:08, Serial1/1
R       10.1.0.0/16 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:21, Serial1/0
R       10.1.5.0/24 is possibly down,
          routing via 172.16.2.1, Serial1/0
R       10.1.4.0/24 is possibly down,
          routing via 172.16.2.1, Serial1/0
再次观察 R2 上的路由表与手动汇总之前的不同 , 可以看到手动汇总已经起了作用 . 可能这里是用模拟器做的实验 , 手动汇总的结果显示得比较慢吧 . 实验上多多少少已经在上起到作用的了 . 再等几分钟再看下路由表 , 果然如此 , 呵呵
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
R       1.1.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:19, Serial1/0
R       1.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/1
R    3.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/1
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
R       172.16.10.0 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:19, Serial1/0
                    [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/1
C       172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C       172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
R       10.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/1
R       10.1.0.0/16 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:19, Serial1/0
最后看下 R3 的路由表
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
R       1.1.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:12, Ethernet0/0
R       1.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 172.16.3.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/1
     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C       172.16.10.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
R       172.16.2.0 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:12, Ethernet0/0
                   [120/1] via 172.16.3.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/1
C       172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
     10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks
R       10.1.3.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:12, Ethernet0/0
R       10.1.2.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:12, Ethernet0/0
R       10.1.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:12, Ethernet0/0
R       10.0.0.0/8 [120/2] via 172.16.3.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/1
R       10.1.5.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:12, Ethernet0/0
R       10.1.4.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.10.1, 00:00:12, Ethernet0/0
五、实验总结
   通过试验 RIPV2 的属性 , 可以看到 VLSM 的特征 . 同时 , 使用关闭自动汇总属性也看到了 RIPV2 的特点 .