以太坊(ETH)私有链搭建指南
前期准备
Git
sudo yum install -y gitGo
参考官档：https://golang.org/doc/install
Geth
参考官档：https://ethereum.github.io/go-ethereum/install/
git clone https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum
cd go-ethereum/
make geth
#测试是否安装正确
build/bin/geth version
搭建私有链
1. 准备创世区块配置文件
{
"config": {
"chainId": 424,
"homesteadBlock": 0,
"eip155Block": 0,
"eip158Block": 0
},
"alloc" : {},
"coinbase" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"difficulty" : "0x2",
"extraData" : "",
"gasLimit" : "0x2fefd8",
"nonce" : "0x0000000000000042",
"mixhash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"parentHash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"timestamp" : "0x00"
}2. 初始化：写入创世区块
目录结构：
eta-test
├── data
└── customGenesis.json初始化：
cd etc-test
geth --datadir data init customGenesis.json初始化成功：
INFO [09-27|02:11:00.035] Maximum peer count ETH=25 LES=0 total=25
INFO [09-27|02:11:00.036] Allocated cache and file handles database=/data1/eth-test/edata/geth/chaindata cache=16 handles=16
INFO [09-27|02:11:00.037] Writing custom genesis block
INFO [09-27|02:11:00.037] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=0 size=0.00B time=4.352µs gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B
INFO [09-27|02:11:00.038] Successfully wrote genesis state database=chaindata hash=40c510…7253cf
INFO [09-27|02:11:00.038] Allocated cache and file handles database=/data1/eth-test/edata/geth/lightchaindata cache=16 handles=16
INFO [09-27|02:11:00.039] Writing custom genesis block
INFO [09-27|02:11:00.039] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=0 size=0.00B time=3.124µs gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B
INFO [09-27|02:11:00.039] Successfully wrote genesis state database=lightchaindata hash=40c510…7253cf成功后目录结构：
eta-test
├── data
│ ├── geth
│ │ └── chaindata
│ │ ├── 000002.log
│ │ ├── CURRENT
│ │ ├── LOCK
│ │ ├── LOG
│ │ └── MANIFEST-000003
│ └── keystore
└── customGenesis.json3. 启动私有链节点
启动节点并进入交互式控制台
geth --rpc --rpcport "8545" --datadir /mnt/eth-test/data --port "30303" --networkid 424 console4. 创建账户
前面只是搭建了私有链，并没有自己的账户，可以在js console中输入eth.accounts来验证
eth.accounts
[]
#创建账户,两种方式
personal.newAccount()
Passphrase:
Repeat passphrase:
"0x94a5e2b161d2897f6e917a1011d0fdb8cc665662"
personal.newAccount("123456")
"0xb085911023c62e7756124affbd20ddf295adcf63"
eth.accounts
["0xb085911023c62e7756124affbd20ddf295adcf63", "0x94a5e2b161d2897f6e917a1011d0fdb8cc665662"]5. 查看账户余额
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])
0
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])
06.启动&停止挖矿
#开始挖矿，参数表示线程数
miner.start(1)
#停止挖矿
miner.stop()
#默认情况下coinbase是本地账户中的第一个账户
eth.coinbase
"0xb085911023c62e7756124affbd20ddf295adcf63"
#修改coinbase
miner.setEtherbase(eth.accounts[1])
#查看余额
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])
50000000000000000000
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])
07.发送交易
#解锁账户
> personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0])
Unlock account 0xb085911023c62e7756124affbd20ddf295adcf63
Passphrase:
true
#发送交易
> eth.sendTransaction({from: eth.accounts[0], to: eth.accounts[1], value: web3.toWei(10, "ether")})
INFO [09-27|10:02:47.375] Setting new local account address=0xB085911023C62e7756124AffBD20ddf295adCF63
INFO [09-27|10:02:47.375] Submitted transaction fullhash=0x0e2adfa24216ce46123939fc91b17c361e22e0fda48cc62fab6cc5ef0e30bc97 recipient=0x94A5e2B161d2897F6E917A1011D0Fdb8cc665662
"0x0e2adfa24216ce46123939fc91b17c361e22e0fda48cc62fab6cc5ef0e30bc97"
#查看交易池中的状态，目前有一个交易未被确认
> txpool.status
{
pending: 1,
queued: 0
}
#开始挖矿
miner.start(1);admin.sleepBlocks(1);miner.stop();
#查看交易池中的状态，刚才的交易被确认
> txpool.status
{
pending: 0,
queued: 0
}8.查看交易和区块
#查看区块数量
> eth.blockNumber
12
#查看具体区块
> eth.getBlock(11)
{
difficulty: 131072,
extraData: "0xd883010811846765746888676f312e31302e32856c696e7578",
gasLimit: 3175485,
gasUsed: 21000,
hash: "0xb3fad2205908b610d0d3335f3e2b685f057e82834d287f45c4fa610a0fd45afd",
logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
miner: "0xb085911023c62e7756124affbd20ddf295adcf63",
mixHash: "0x5d5df773b9add8d958cff2ccc89dc8400893482a858ba4757ce1bd322223aa97",
nonce: "0x0d940da244fb3795",
number: 11,
parentHash: "0x89826d39ad180b11e3b4049ba7aca228cdb4b53ebb2c9d443faa8aee04c60eed",
receiptsRoot: "0xd9ed9d79657d80fe58b809cb9e5c132866413f6bc61c11a6968ed86121cf6a62",
sha3Uncles: "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
size: 651,
stateRoot: "0x7b072033ecbb8d35c0d4bf577176923919101a2d346e82c75ab4939ba0f1b1a4",
timestamp: 1538013830,
totalDifficulty: 1444674,
transactions: ["0x0e2adfa24216ce46123939fc91b17c361e22e0fda48cc62fab6cc5ef0e30bc97"],
transactionsRoot: "0xc2700ca799a4fed8a86f744207e582a5f08ba652b7165d6bfe24733d7e05555f",
uncles: []
}
#查看交易
> eth.getTransaction("0x0e2adfa24216ce46123939fc91b17c361e22e0fda48cc62fab6cc5ef0e30bc97")
{
blockHash: "0xb3fad2205908b610d0d3335f3e2b685f057e82834d287f45c4fa610a0fd45afd",
blockNumber: 11,
from: "0xb085911023c62e7756124affbd20ddf295adcf63",
gas: 90000,
gasPrice: 1000000000,
hash: "0x0e2adfa24216ce46123939fc91b17c361e22e0fda48cc62fab6cc5ef0e30bc97",
input: "0x",
nonce: 0,
r: "0xda178d983cf68327f7f4ddde5d174568d5b34953dcf94970742a88062b63def1",
s: "0xa301a525e72e227967cadaae260bf43964c92b44803a3bcf5b96f67f06cad51",
to: "0x94a5e2b161d2897f6e917a1011d0fdb8cc665662",
transactionIndex: 0,
v: "0x373",
value: 10000000000000000000
}9.连接到其他节点
在节点2上，重复步骤1和3，但是要注意rpcport和port参数要与节点1不同（最好数据文件夹也不同）。在节点1上执行
#127.0.0.1替换成节点1的IP
> admin.nodeInfo.enode
"enode://46de08fc64222512dd120f3876aa6d9947fd7e045e5a09bf95e90fcf3984d600dc25dc06cbb04e72b175bf23031ffb65adecf275dae229e69e3e32c67b5deec6@127.0.0.1:30303?discport=0"在节点2执行：
#注意多了bootnodes参数
geth --rpc --rpcport "8546" --datadir /data1/eth-test/edata --port "30304" --networkid 424 --bootnodes "enode://46de08fc64222512dd120f3876aa6d9947fd7e045e5a09bf95e90fcf3984d600dc25dc06cbb04e72b175bf23031ffb65adecf275dae229e69e3e32c67b5deec6@127.0.0.1:30303" console
> INFO [09-27|02:15:44.075] Block synchronisation started
INFO [09-27|02:15:44.078] Imported new state entries count=3 elapsed=50.591µs processed=3 pending=0 retry=0 duplicate=0 unexpected=0
INFO [09-27|02:15:44.857] Imported new block headers count=12 elapsed=777.982ms number=12 hash=9e2a63…c55e4e age=11m53s
INFO [09-27|02:15:44.860] Imported new chain segment blocks=10 txs=0 mgas=0.000 elapsed=2.468ms mgasps=0.000 number=10 hash=89826d…c60eed age=13h23m54s cache=2.13kB
INFO [09-27|02:15:44.861] Imported new chain segment blocks=2 txs=1 mgas=0.021 elapsed=1.079ms mgasps=19.461 number=12 hash=9e2a63…c55e4e age=11m53s cache=3.12kB
INFO [09-27|02:15:44.861] Fast sync complete, auto disabling
#也可以不加bootnodes参数，启动后调用命令添加节点
admin.addPeer("enode://46de08fc64222512dd120f3876aa6d9947fd7e045e5a09bf95e90fcf3984d600dc25dc06cbb04e72b175bf23031ffb65adecf275dae229e69e3e32c67b5deec6@127.0.0.1:30303")
#查看节点
> admin.peers
[{
caps: ["eth/62", "eth/63"],
id: "e97aca78953b0432a81a0115d3735849b961769b99e9e46fda42061c38140a64",
name: "Geth/v1.8.17-unstable-d3441ebb/linux-amd64/go1.10.2",
network: {
inbound: false,
localAddress: "172.25.1.164:52528",
remoteAddress: "172.25.1.72:30303",
static: false,
trusted: false
},
protocols: {
eth: {
difficulty: 1575810,
head: "0x9e2a63793575d23c7b0ca15b1d0da746da835fdc2e67770a4f90ed0171c55e4e",
version: 63
}
}
}]
#查看节点数
> net.peerCount
1
#查看刚才在节点1中的交易后的账户余额
> eth.getBalance("0xb085911023c62e7756124affbd20ddf295adcf63")
50000000000000000000
> eth.getBalance("0x94a5e2b161d2897f6e917a1011d0fdb8cc665662")
10000000000000000000更多操作探索中。。。