背景:系统最近要上云,一部分数据是oracle数据库的,所以需要一个中转接口负责数据传输,接口数据需要保障安全,所以选择了RSA与AES结合的方式进行加密处理。
集百家之所长,最后得已实现。
目录
方案
RSA加密解密
AES加密解密
RAS与AES加密解密整合
具体过程是先由接收方创建RSA密钥对,接收方通过Internet发送RSA公钥到发送方,同时保存RSA私钥。而发送方创建AES密钥,并用该AES密钥加密待传送的明文数据,同时用接受的RSA公钥加密AES密钥,最后把用RSA公钥加密后的AES密钥同密文一起通过Internet传输发送到接收方。当接收方收到这个被加密的AES密钥和密文后,首先调用接收方保存的RSA私钥,并用该私钥解密加密的AES密钥,得到AES密钥。最后用该AES密钥解密密文得到明文。
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RSA、AES加密原理
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;
public class RSAUtil {
/**
* 生成秘钥对
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static KeyPair getKeyPair() throws Exception {
KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
keyPairGenerator.initialize(2048);
KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
return keyPair;
}
/**
* 获取公钥(Base64编码)
* @param keyPair
* @return
*/
public static String getPublicKey(KeyPair keyPair){
PublicKey publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();
byte[] bytes = publicKey.getEncoded();
return byte2Base64(bytes);
}
/**
* 获取私钥(Base64编码)
* @param keyPair
* @return
*/
public static String getPrivateKey(KeyPair keyPair){
PrivateKey privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();
byte[] bytes = privateKey.getEncoded();
return byte2Base64(bytes);
}
/**
* 将Base64编码后的公钥转换成PublicKey对象
* @param pubStr
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static PublicKey string2PublicKey(String pubStr) throws Exception{
byte[] keyBytes = base642Byte(pubStr);
X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
PublicKey publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
return publicKey;
}
/**
* 将Base64编码后的私钥转换成PrivateKey对象
* @param priStr
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static PrivateKey string2PrivateKey(String priStr) throws Exception{
byte[] keyBytes = base642Byte(priStr);
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec);
return privateKey;
}
/**
* 公钥加密
* @param content
* @param publicKey
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] publicEncrypt(byte[] content, PublicKey publicKey) throws Exception{
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
byte[] bytes = cipher.doFinal(content);
return bytes;
}
/**
* 私钥解密
* @param content
* @param privateKey
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] privateDecrypt(byte[] content, PrivateKey privateKey) throws Exception{
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
byte[] bytes = cipher.doFinal(content);
return bytes;
}
/**
* 字节数组转Base64编码
* @param bytes
* @return
*/
public static String byte2Base64(byte[] bytes){
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes);
}
/**
* Base64编码转字节数组
* @param base64Key
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static byte[] base642Byte(String base64Key) {
return Base64.getDecoder().decode(base64Key);
}
}
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;
public class AESUtil {
/**
* 生成AES秘钥,然后Base64编码
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String genKeyAES() throws Exception{
KeyGenerator keyGen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
keyGen.init(128);
SecretKey key = keyGen.generateKey();
String base64Str = byte2Base64(key.getEncoded());
return base64Str;
}
/**
* 将Base64编码后的AES秘钥转换成SecretKey对象
* @param base64Key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static SecretKey loadKeyAES(String base64Key) throws Exception{
SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(base64Key.getBytes("utf-8"), "AES");
return key;
}
/**
* 字节数组转Base64编码
* @param bytes
* @return
*/
public static String byte2Base64(byte[] bytes){
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes);
}
/**
* Base64编码转字节数组
* @param base64Key
* @return
*/
public static byte[] base642Byte(String base64Key) {
return Base64.getDecoder().decode(base64Key);
}
/**
* 加密
* @param source
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryptAES(byte[] source, SecretKey key) throws Exception{
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
return cipher.doFinal(source);
}
/**
* 解密
* @param source
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] decryptAES(byte[] source, SecretKey key) throws Exception{
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
return cipher.doFinal(source);
}
}
public class TestAesAndRsa {
//测试RSA与AES的结合。
// 客户端用公钥加密AES秘钥,AES秘钥加密实际内容;
// 服务端用私钥解密AES秘钥,AES秘钥解密实际内容
public static void testAesAndRsa() throws Exception {
//===============生成公钥和私钥,公钥传给客户端,私钥服务端保留==================
//生成RSA公钥和私钥,并Base64编码,生成一次以后,就写死在配置文件或代码中,下次不再重新生成
KeyPair keyPair = RSAUtil.getKeyPair();
String publicKeyStr = RSAUtil.getPublicKey(keyPair);
String privateKeyStr = RSAUtil.getPrivateKey(keyPair);
System.out.println("RSA公钥Base64编码:" + publicKeyStr);
System.out.println("RSA私钥Base64编码:" + privateKeyStr);
//=================客户端=================
//hello, i am infi, good night! 需要加密的实际内容
String message = "hello, i am infi, good night!";
//将Base64编码后的公钥转换成PublicKey对象
PublicKey publicKey = RSAUtil.string2PublicKey(publicKeyStr);
//生成AES秘钥,并Base64编码
String aesKeyStr = AESUtil.genKeyAES();
System.out.println("AES秘钥Base64编码:" + aesKeyStr);
//用公钥加密AES秘钥
byte[] publicEncrypt = RSAUtil.publicEncrypt(aesKeyStr.getBytes(), publicKey);
//公钥加密AES秘钥后的内容Base64编码
String publicEncryptStr = RSAUtil.byte2Base64(publicEncrypt);
System.out.println("公钥加密AES秘钥并Base64编码的结果:" + publicEncryptStr);
//将Base64编码后的AES秘钥转换成SecretKey对象
SecretKey aesKey = AESUtil.loadKeyAES(aesKeyStr);
//用AES秘钥加密实际的内容
byte[] encryptAES = AESUtil.encryptAES(message.getBytes(), aesKey);
//AES秘钥加密后的内容Base64编码
String encryptAESStr = AESUtil.byte2Base64(encryptAES);
System.out.println("AES秘钥加密实际的内容并Base64编码的结果:" + encryptAESStr);
//############## 网络上传输的内容有Base64编码后的公钥加密AES秘钥的结果 和 Base64编码后的AES秘钥加密实际内容的结果 #################
//############## 即publicEncryptStr和encryptAESStr ###################
//===================服务端================
//将Base64编码后的私钥转换成PrivateKey对象
PrivateKey privateKey = RSAUtil.string2PrivateKey(privateKeyStr);
//公钥加密AES秘钥后的内容(Base64编码),进行Base64解码
byte[] publicEncrypt2 = RSAUtil.base642Byte(publicEncryptStr);
//用私钥解密,得到aesKey
byte[] aesKeyStrBytes = RSAUtil.privateDecrypt(publicEncrypt2, privateKey);
//解密后的aesKey
String aesKeyStr2 = new String(aesKeyStrBytes);
System.out.println("解密后的aesKey(Base64编码): " + aesKeyStr2);
//将Base64编码后的AES秘钥转换成SecretKey对象
SecretKey aesKey2 = AESUtil.loadKeyAES(aesKeyStr2);
//AES秘钥加密后的内容(Base64编码),进行Base64解码
byte[] encryptAES2 = AESUtil.base642Byte(encryptAESStr);
//用AES秘钥解密实际的内容
byte[] decryptAES = AESUtil.decryptAES(encryptAES2, aesKey2);
//解密后的实际内容
System.out.println("解密后的实际内容: " + new String(decryptAES));
}
}
参考:java实现RSA+AES的简单加密解密
以上为JAVA RSA与AES混合加密
遇到问题:与我对接的系统是c#开发的,所以在对接的时候会遇到问题,AES解密会报错 Illegal key size or default parameters
c# RSA与AES加密解密
AES报错指南