for example —— 简单布局LinearLayout
LinearLayout llayout = new LinearLayout(mContext);
llayout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
LinearLayout.LayoutParams layoutParams = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(
LinearLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,
LinearLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT
);
llayout.setLayoutParams(layoutParams);
Button btn = new Button(mContext);
btn.setText("This is Button");
btn.setPadding(8, 8, 8, 8);
btn.setLayoutParams(lp);
llayout.addView(btn);
//这是在Activity的onCreate()中设置布局
setContentView(llayout);
btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(mContext,
"This is dynamic activity", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});
another example —— 复杂布局RelativeLayout
难点:子控件的相对位置关系的处理
//父控件
RelativeLayout myLayout = new RelativeLayout(this);
myLayout.setBackgroundColor(Color.BLUE);
//两个子控件
Button myButton = new Button(this);
EditText myEditText = new EditText(this);
//重点:生成对应的ID
myButton.setId(generateViewId());
myEditText.setId(generateViewId());
//子控件位置
RelativeLayout.LayoutParams buttonParams =
new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(
RelativeLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
RelativeLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
buttonParams.addRule(RelativeLayout.CENTER_HORIZONTAL);
buttonParams.addRule(RelativeLayout.CENTER_VERTICAL);
RelativeLayout.LayoutParams textParams =
new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(
RelativeLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
RelativeLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
textParams.addRule(RelativeLayout.CENTER_HORIZONTAL);
textParams.setMargins(0, 0, 0, 80);
//重点在这里
textParams.addRule(RelativeLayout.ABOVE, myButton.getId());
//添加布局
myLayout.addView(myButton, buttonParams);
myLayout.addView(myEditText, textParams);
setContentView(myLayout);
重点要说的是generateViewId()
,这个可以专门放到工具类里:
/**
* An {@code int} value that may be updated atomically.
*/
private static final AtomicInteger sNextGeneratedId = new AtomicInteger(1);
/**
* 动态生成View ID
* API LEVEL 17 以上View.generateViewId()生成
* API LEVEL 17 以下需要手动生成
*/
public static int generateViewId() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR1) {
for (; ; ) {
final int result = sNextGeneratedId.get();
// aapt-generated IDs have the high byte nonzero; clamp to the range under that.
int newValue = result + 1;
if (newValue > 0x00FFFFFF) newValue = 1; // Roll over to 1, not 0.
if (sNextGeneratedId.compareAndSet(result, newValue)) {
return result;
}
}
} else {
return View.generateViewId();
}
}
控件不能重复使用
// 第一次添加
mLinearLayout.addView(mTextView, mLayoutParams);
// 第二次添加
mLinearLayout.addView(mTextView, mLayoutParams);
//我们重复添加了两次mTextView。这个是不允许的,在父类布局中,只能有唯一的对象,不能重复。
不同Activity中 Id 相同是否会报错
直接设置ID
setId(1)
是不行的
生成ID须使用View.generateViewId()
我的意见是建立静态工具类来生成ID
关于ID的int相同是否会出错的问题,目前还没有验证
一些常用的代码
textView.setTextColor(0xffff0000);
layout.setBackgroundColor(0x00000000);
setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
setGravity(Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL)
setPadding(10, 5, 5, 5);
setMargin(8, 0, 0, 0);
lp.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL;
lp.topMargin = 5;
lp.addRule(RelativeLayout.CENTER_VERTICAL);
lp.addRule(RelativeLayout.RIGHT_OF, ID_IMAGE_HEAD);
测试一个简单的例子
使用代码布局如下:
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mContext = this;
LinearLayout llayout = new LinearLayout(mContext);
llayout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
LinearLayout.LayoutParams layoutParams = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(
LinearLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,
LinearLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT
);
llayout.setLayoutParams(layoutParams);
TextView tv = new TextView(mContext);
LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(LinearLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,
LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
lp.setMargins(8, 8, 8, 8);
tv.setLayoutParams(lp);
tv.setText("This is TextView");
tv.setPadding(8, 8, 8, 8);
llayout.addView(tv);
Button btn = new Button(mContext);
btn.setText("This is Button");
btn.setPadding(8, 8, 8, 8);
btn.setLayoutParams(lp);
setContentView(llayout);
}
三次测量平均值: (23+28 + 20)/3 = 23.67ms
使用相同XML布局
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<TextView
android:text="This is TextView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="8px"
android:padding="8px"/>
<Button
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="This is Button"
android:padding="8px"/>
LinearLayout>
三次测量平均值: (20 + 26 + 24)/3 = 23.33ms
结论:尽管样本单一,数量也很少,但是说明 代码布局 和 XML布局 加载时间基本相同,性能基本相同。
不足:更复杂的界面,暂时未测试。
想法:代码布局是必要的,如果总结代码布局为模版和库,利用泛型和反射的,在界面的复用和自动化上,将比XML更方便扩展。