Java并发系列 ScheduledExecutorService 使用

本文介绍 ScheduledExecutorService 在Java1.5以后才出现的定时任务的,在Java5之后,并发线程这块发生了根本的变化,最重要的莫过于新的启动、调度、管理线程的一大堆API了。定时任务在1.5之前是使用 Timer 来实现的,但由于 Timer 有一些问题:

Timer对调度的支持是基于绝对时间,而不是相对时间的,
由此任务对系统时钟的改变是敏感的;ScheduledThreadExecutor只支持相对时间。
Timer的另一个问题在于,如果TimerTask抛出未检查的异常,Timer将会产生无法预料的行为。
Timer线程并不捕获异常,所以TimerTask抛出的未检查的异常会终止timer线程。
这种情况下,Timer也不会再重新恢复线程的执行了;它错误的认为整个Timer都被取消了。
此时,已经被安排但尚未执行的TimerTask永远不会再执行了,新的任务也不能被调度了。

所以建议使用1.5以后的 ScheduledExecutorService 这个定时服务对象

废话不说直接看代码吧:里面有相应的注释

package task;

import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 官方文档:http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/ScheduledExecutorService.html
 中文版:http://www.apihome.cn/api/java/ScheduledExecutorService.html
 */
public class TaskTest {
	/**
	 * 线程池的管理工具
	 * 调度型线程池
	 */
	private final static ScheduledExecutorService scheduler = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);

	/**
	 * 官方案例
	 */
	public static void beepForAnHour() {
		final Runnable beeper = new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				System.out.println("beep");
			}
		};
		final ScheduledFuture beeperHandle = scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(beeper, 10, 100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
		scheduler.schedule(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				System.out.println("cancel");
				/**
				 * Attempts to cancel execution of this task. This attempt will fail if the task has already completed,
				 * has already been cancelled, or could not be cancelled for some other reason.
				 * If successful, and this task has not started when cancel is called, this task should never run. If the task has already started, 
				 * then the mayInterruptIfRunning parameter determines whether the thread executing this task should be interrupted in an attempt to stop the task.
				 * After this method returns, subsequent calls to isDone() will always return true. Subsequent calls to isCancelled() will always return true if this method returned true.
				 * 试图取消执行这一任务。这种尝试会失败如果任务已经完成,已经被取消了,或者由于其他原因不能被取消。
				 * 如果成功的话,这个任务并没有开始时取消,这个任务不应该运行。如果任务已经开始,那么mayInterruptIfRunning参数决定是否应该中断线程执行这个任务,试图阻止这项任务。
				 * 该方法返回后,后续调用结束()将始终返回true。后续调用isCancelled()将始终返回true,如果这个方法返回true。
				 */
				beeperHandle.cancel(true);
				/**
				 *  如果这个任务被取消之前完成正常。
				 *  Returns true if this task was cancelled before it completed normally.
				 */
				System.out.println(beeperHandle.isCancelled());
				
			}
		}, 60*60, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
		
	}

	/**
	 *  Creates and executes a periodic action that becomes enabled first after the given initial delay, 
	 *  and subsequently with the given period; that is executions will commence after initialDelay then initialDelay+period, 
	 *  then initialDelay + 2 * period, and so on. If any execution of the task encounters an exception, 
	 *  subsequent executions are suppressed. Otherwise, the task will only terminate via cancellation or termination of the executor. 
	 *  If any execution of this task takes longer than its period, then subsequent executions may start late, but will not concurrently execute.
	 *  创建并执行一个周期性的动作成为了第一个在给定的初始延迟之后,随后用给定的时期,这是执行后将开始initialDelay然后initialDelay +,然后initialDelay + 2 *时期,等等。
	 *  如果任何执行任务遇到异常,后续执行的镇压。否则,只会终止的任务通过取消或终止执行器。如果执行这个任务花费的时间比其期,然后后续执行可能会迟到,但不会同时执行。
	 *  command:执行线程
	 *  initialDelay:初始化延时  启动以后多久执行
	 *  period:两次开始执行最小间隔时间 距离上次执行的时间
	 *  unit:计时单位
	 */
	public static void scheduleAtFixedRate(){
		scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				System.out.println("scheduleAtFixedRate"+System.currentTimeMillis());
			}
		}, 1000, 100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
	}
	

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
//			beepForAnHour();
//			scheduleAtFixedRate();
			scheduleWithFixedDelay();
//			lanuchTimer();
//			Thread.sleep(3000);
//			taskT();
//			Thread.sleep(1000 * 60);
//			studow();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Creates and executes a periodic action that becomes enabled first after the given initial delay,
	 *  and subsequently with the given delay between the termination of one execution and the commencement of the next. 
	 *  If any execution of the task encounters an exception, subsequent executions are suppressed. Otherwise, 
	 *  the task will only terminate via cancellation or termination of the executor.
	 *  创建并执行一个周期性的动作成为了第一个在给定的初始延迟之后,随后用给定的延迟之间的终止执行和接下来的毕业典礼。如果任何执行任务遇到异常,后续执行的镇压。
	 *  否则,只会终止的任务通过取消或终止执行器。
	 */
	public static void scheduleWithFixedDelay() {
		scheduler.scheduleWithFixedDelay(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				System.out.println("scheduleWithFixedDelay---->"+System.currentTimeMillis());
			}
		}, 1000, 100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
	}
	

	/**
	 * 关闭执行服务对象
	 */
	public static void studow() {
		scheduler.shutdown();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 凌晨3点钟执行
	 */
	public static void taskTimr() {
		long oneDay = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;  
		long initDelay  = getTimeMillis("20:00:00") - System.currentTimeMillis();  
		initDelay = initDelay > 0 ? initDelay : oneDay + initDelay;  
		
		scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(  
				new EchoServer(),  
				initDelay,  
				oneDay,  
				TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);  
	}
	/** 
	 * 获取指定时间对应的毫秒数 
	 * @param time "HH:mm:ss" 
	 * @return 
	 */  
	private static long getTimeMillis(String time) {  
	    try {  
	        DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");  
	        DateFormat dayFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yy-MM-dd");  
	        Date curDate = dateFormat.parse(dayFormat.format(new Date()) + " " + time);  
	        return curDate.getTime();  
	    } catch (Exception e) {  
	        e.printStackTrace();  
	    }  
	    return 0;  
	}  
	
}


class EchoServer implements Runnable {  
	@Override  
	public void run() {  
		try {  
			Thread.sleep(50);  
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {  
			e.printStackTrace();  
		}  
		System.out.println("This is a echo server. The current time is " +  
				System.currentTimeMillis() + ".");  
	}  
}  


你可能感兴趣的:(Java)