PostgreSQL 恢复进程startup hang住的原因分析一例

最近在一个跨广域网的PostgreSQL primary standby环境中遇到一个比较奇特的问题。
首先primary standby是跨广域网的,但这不是问题的重点。重点是归档也是跨光域网并且使用NFS来让standby访问归档文件。
standby通过NFS获取归档,通过TCP连接primary实现流复制。
但是不知道什么原因,NFS出现了问题,即standby无法正常的访问归档文件了,访问NFS的命令会hang住。
接下来描述一下问题,然后再从PostgreSQL源码分析问题的原因。
1. standby的restore_command命令(cp /nfsdir/%f %p)hang住,停留在拷贝某个归档xlog的状态。
2. 手工kill 这个cp命令,紧接着standby数据库crash了。
3. 重启standby数据库,发现hang在cp /nfsdir/0000009.history %p的状态,然而实际上0000009.history是不存在的,主库的时间线是8,备库的时间线也是8,那么是什么原因导致standby要去找一个不存在的时间线文件呢?
这个原因要到源代码去寻找答案。
    我们一般配置流复制环境,会设置recovery_target_timeline=latest,这样做的目的是配置一个hot_standby,如果上游切换了时间线,可以自动跟上。
    而这个就可以解释为什么standby recovery的时候要去找一个不存在的时间线文件?

见源码:
src/backend/access/transam/timeline.c
/*
 * Find the newest existing timeline, assuming that startTLI exists.
 *
 * Note: while this is somewhat heuristic, it does positively guarantee
 * that (result + 1) is not a known timeline, and therefore it should
 * be safe to assign that ID to a new timeline.
 */
TimeLineID
findNewestTimeLine(TimeLineID startTLI)
{
        TimeLineID      newestTLI;
        TimeLineID      probeTLI;

        /*
         * The algorithm is just to probe for the existence of timeline history
         * files.  XXX is it useful to allow gaps in the sequence?
         */
        newestTLI = startTLI;

        for (probeTLI = startTLI + 1;; probeTLI++)      # 问题就出在这里, 探测下一个时间线是否存在。
        {
                if (existsTimeLineHistory(probeTLI))
                {
                        newestTLI = probeTLI;           /* probeTLI exists */
                }
                else
                {
                        /* doesn't exist, assume we're done */
                        break;
                }
        }

        return newestTLI;
}

src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
/*
 * See if there is a recovery command file (recovery.conf), and if so
 * read in parameters for archive recovery and XLOG streaming.
 *
 * The file is parsed using the main configuration parser.
 */
static void
readRecoveryCommandFile(void)
......
                else if (strcmp(item->name, "recovery_target_timeline") == 0)
                {
                        rtliGiven = true;
                        if (strcmp(item->value, "latest") == 0)
                                rtli = 0;
.....
        /*
         * If user specified recovery_target_timeline, validate it or compute the
         * "latest" value.  We can't do this until after we've gotten the restore
         * command and set InArchiveRecovery, because we need to fetch timeline
         * history files from the archive.
         */
        if (rtliGiven)
        {
                if (rtli)
                {
                        /* Timeline 1 does not have a history file, all else should */
                        if (rtli != 1 && !existsTimeLineHistory(rtli))
                                ereport(FATAL,
                                                (errmsg("recovery target timeline %u does not exist",
                                                                rtli)));
                        recoveryTargetTLI = rtli;
                        recoveryTargetIsLatest = false;
                }
                else
                {
                        /* We start the "latest" search from pg_control's timeline */   # 问题出在这里,我配置的就是recovery_target_timeline=latest, 所以需要调用findNewestTimeLine. 控制文件是8,所以find 0000009.history.
                        recoveryTargetTLI = findNewestTimeLine(recoveryTargetTLI);
                        recoveryTargetIsLatest = true;
                }
        }

找到原因后,把NFS的问题解决掉,重启数据库就好了,再也不会hang住。

[参考]
1. src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
2. src/backend/access/transam/timeline.c

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