多测师_Python Requests 接口测试

1、get方法请求接口

url:显而易见,就是接口的地址url啦

headers:请求头,例如:content-type = application/x-www-form-urlencoded

params:用于传递测试接口所要用的参数,这里我们用python中的字典形式(key:value)进行参数的传递。

举个例子:

import requests

url="http://api.shein.com/login"

header={"content-type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}

param={"user_id":123456,"email":"[email protected]"}

timeout=0.5

response = requests.get(url, headers=header, params=param, timeout=timeout)

# response = requests.request("get",url,headers=header,params=body,timeout=timeout)

print (response.text)

  

2、post方法请求接口

import requests

url="http://api.shein.com/login"

header={"content-type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}

param={"user_id":123456,"email":"[email protected]"}

timeout=0.5

response = requests.post(url, headers=header, data=param, timeout=timeout)

# response = requests.request("post",url,headers=header,data=param,timeout=timeout)

print (response.text)
import requests

url = "https://apipc.xinqgj.com/user/login"
payload = {"phone":"17779828887","pwd":"Ty+coun/mUj1saGV2OCK6p5kN9MNt8Uznj"}
headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}

response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, json = payload)
print(response.text)

 

3、requests.Session()请求接口

import requests

session = requests.Session()    #定义全局session,通过 session 保持会话
class Cms():

    def login(self):
        url = "http://192.168.1.110:8080/cms/manage/loginJump.do"
        header = {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
        parmas = {"userAccount": "admin", "loginPwd": "123456"}
        #通过全局 session 请求接口
        res = session.post(url=url, headers=header, data=parmas)
        print(res.json())

    def queryUserList(self):
        url = "http://192.168.1.110:8080/cms/manage/queryUserList.do"
        header = {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
        parmas = {"startCreateDate":"",
                  "endCreateDate":"",
                  "searchValue":"",
                  "page":"1"}
        # 通过全局 session 请求接口
        res = session.post(url=url, headers=header, data=parmas)
        print(res.json())

if __name__ == '__main__':
    Cms().login()
    Cms().queryUserList()

  

注意:Python requests模块params、data、json的区别

  • requests 模块发送请求有 data、json、params 三种携带参数的方法。
  • params 在 get 请求中使用,data、json 在 post 请求中使用
    • 常见的 form 表单可以直接使用 data 参数进行报文提交,data 的对象则是 python 中的字典类型
    • 如果数据是 json 格式的参数,可直接使用 json 参数进行报文提交

 

4、接口的返回值操作

text:获取接口返回值的文本格式

json():获取接口返回值的json()格式

status_code:返回状态码(成功为:200)

headers:返回完整的响应头信息(headers['name']:返回指定的headers内容)

encoding:返回字符编码格式

url:返回接口的完整url地址

import requests

url = "https://xxxx.com/user/login"
payload = {"phone":"1777982xxxx","pwd":"Ty+coun/mUj1saGV2OCK6p5kN9MNt8UznjaGsQ5A/nKPSH1NZW"}
headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}

response = requests.request("POST", url, headers=headers, json = payload)

print(response.text)
print(response.json())
print(response.status_code)
print(response.url)
print(response.headers)
print(response.encoding)

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