而对于数据校验的部分由开发人员自己实现有时会显得多余繁琐,所以利用Django内置的Form表单就很好的封装了数据校验等实用功能。
总结一下,其实form组件的主要功能如下:
# ------------------urls.py------------------
from django.conf.urls import url
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^normal_register', views.normal_register),
]
# ------------------views.py------------------
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
def normal_register(request):
def normal_register(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
uname = request.POST.get('username')
pword = request.POST.get('password')
if len(uname) < 6:
return render(request, "normal_register.html", {"username_error": "用户名不能小于6位"})
return HttpResponse('注册信息通过验证!
')
return render(request, "normal_register.html")
# ------------------normal_register.html------------------
"en">
"utf-8">
"X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
"viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
"https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
普通Form注册
# ------------------urls.py------------------
from django.conf.urls import url
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^django_from_register/', views.django_from_register),
]
# ------------------views.py------------------
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django import forms
class DjangoFromRegister(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(
label='用户名',
label_suffix='::',
min_length=6,
max_length=32,
error_messages={
'required': '这是必填项',
'min_length': '用户名长度必须大于6个字符!',
'max_length': '用户名长度必须小于32个字符',
},
)
password = forms.CharField(
label='密码',
label_suffix='::',
widget=forms.widgets.PasswordInput(),
error_messages={
'required': '这是必填项',
},
)
def django_from_register(request):
form_obj = DjangoFromRegister()
if request.method == 'POST':
form_obj = DjangoFromRegister(request.POST)
if form_obj.is_valid(): # 验证通过
uname = form_obj.cleaned_data.get('username')
pword = form_obj.cleaned_data.get('password')
return HttpResponse('Django_Form:注册信息通过验证!
')
print('这是错误信息的列表:',form_obj.errors)
return render(request, "django_from_register.html", {"form_obj": form_obj})
# ------------------normal_register.html------------------
"en">
"utf-8">
"X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
"viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
"https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
Django Form注册
initial
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(
min_length=8,
label="用户名",
initial="张三" # 设置默认值
)
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=6, label="密码")
error_messages
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(
min_length=8,
label="用户名",
initial="张三",
error_messages={
"required": "不能为空",
"invalid": "格式错误",
"min_length": "用户名最短8位"
}
)
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=6, label="密码")
password
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
...
pwd = forms.CharField(
min_length=6,
label="密码",
widget=forms.widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'c1'}, render_value=True)
)
radioSelect
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(
min_length=8,
label="用户名",
initial="张三",
error_messages={
"required": "不能为空",
"invalid": "格式错误",
"min_length": "用户名最短8位"
}
)
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=6, label="密码")
gender = forms.fields.ChoiceField(
choices=((1, "男"), (2, "女"), (3, "保密")),
label="性别",
initial=3,
widget=forms.widgets.RadioSelect
)
单选Select
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
...
hobby = forms.fields.ChoiceField(
choices=((1, "篮球"), (2, "足球"), (3, "双色球"), ),
label="爱好",
initial=3,
widget=forms.widgets.Select
)
多选Select
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
...
hobby = forms.fields.MultipleChoiceField(
choices=((1, "篮球"), (2, "足球"), (3, "双色球"), ),
label="爱好",
initial=[1, 3],
widget=forms.widgets.SelectMultiple
)
单选checkbox
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
...
keep = forms.fields.ChoiceField(
label="是否记住密码",
initial="checked",
widget=forms.widgets.CheckboxInput
)
多选checkbox
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
...
hobby = forms.fields.MultipleChoiceField(
choices=((1, "篮球"), (2, "足球"), (3, "双色球"),),
label="爱好",
initial=[1, 3],
widget=forms.widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple
)
关于choice的注意事项
# 方式一:
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
class MyForm(Form):
user = fields.ChoiceField(
# choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
initial=2,
widget=widgets.Select
)
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(MyForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# self.fields['user'].widget.choices = ((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),)
# 或
self.fields['user'].widget.choices = models.Classes.objects.all().values_list('id','caption')
# 方式二:
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import models as form_model
class FInfo(forms.Form):
authors = form_model.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())
# authors = form_model.ModelChoiceField(queryset=models.NNewType.objects.all())
Field
required=True, 是否允许为空
widget=None, HTML插件
label=None, 用于生成Label标签或显示内容
initial=None, 初始值
help_text='', 帮助信息(在标签旁边显示)
error_messages=None, 错误信息 {'required': '不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'}
show_hidden_initial=False, 是否在当前插件后面再加一个隐藏的且具有默认值的插件(可用于检验两次输入是否一直)
validators=[], 自定义验证规则
localize=False, 是否支持本地化
disabled=False, 是否可以编辑
label_suffix=None Label内容后缀
CharField(Field)
max_length=None, 最大长度
min_length=None, 最小长度
strip=True 是否移除用户输入空白
IntegerField(Field)
max_value=None, 最大值
min_value=None, 最小值
FloatField(IntegerField)
...
DecimalField(IntegerField)
max_value=None, 最大值
min_value=None, 最小值
max_digits=None, 总长度
decimal_places=None, 小数位长度
BaseTemporalField(Field)
input_formats=None 时间格式化
DateField(BaseTemporalField) 格式:2015-09-01 TimeField(BaseTemporalField) 格式:11:12 DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)格式:2015-09-01 11:12 DurationField(Field) 时间间隔:%d %H:%M:%S.%f
...
RegexField(CharField)
regex, 自定制正则表达式
max_length=None, 最大长度
min_length=None, 最小长度
error_message=None, 忽略,错误信息使用 error_messages={'invalid': '...'}
EmailField(CharField)
...
FileField(Field)
allow_empty_file=False 是否允许空文件
ImageField(FileField)
...
注:需要PIL模块,pip3 install Pillow
以上两个字典使用时,需要注意两点: - form表单中 enctype="multipart/form-data"
- view函数中 obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
URLField(Field)
...
BooleanField(Field)
...
NullBooleanField(BooleanField)
...
ChoiceField(Field)
...
choices=(), 选项,如:choices = ((0,'上海'),(1,'北京'),)
required=True, 是否必填
widget=None, 插件,默认select插件
label=None, Label内容
initial=None, 初始值
help_text='', 帮助提示
ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField)
... django.forms.models.ModelChoiceField
queryset, # 查询数据库中的数据
empty_label="---------", # 默认空显示内容
to_field_name=None, # HTML中value的值对应的字段
limit_choices_to=None # ModelForm中对queryset二次筛选
ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField)
... django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceField
TypedChoiceField(ChoiceField)
coerce = lambda val: val 对选中的值进行一次转换
empty_value= '' 空值的默认值
MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField)
...
TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField)
coerce = lambda val: val 对选中的每一个值进行一次转换
empty_value= '' 空值的默认值
ComboField(Field)
fields=() 使用多个验证,如下:即验证最大长度20,又验证邮箱格式
fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(),])
MultiValueField(Field)
PS: 抽象类,子类中可以实现聚合多个字典去匹配一个值,要配合MultiWidget使用
SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField)
input_date_formats=None, 格式列表:['%Y--%m--%d', '%m%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y']
input_time_formats=None 格式列表:['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M']
FilePathField(ChoiceField) 文件选项,目录下文件显示在页面中
path, 文件夹路径
match=None, 正则匹配
recursive=False, 递归下面的文件夹
allow_files=True, 允许文件
allow_folders=False, 允许文件夹
required=True,
widget=None,
label=None,
initial=None,
help_text='' GenericIPAddressField
protocol='both', both,ipv4,ipv6支持的IP格式
unpack_ipv4=False 解析ipv4地址,如果是::ffff:192.0.2.1时候,可解析为192.0.2.1, PS:protocol必须为both才能启用
SlugField(CharField) 数字,字母,下划线,减号(连字符)
...
UUIDField(CharField) uuid类型
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class MyForm(Form):
user = fields.CharField(
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', '请输入数字'), RegexValidator(r'^159[0-9]+$', '数字必须以159开头')],
)
import re
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
# 自定义验证规则
def mobile_validate(value):
mobile_re = re.compile(r'^(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}$')
if not mobile_re.match(value):
raise ValidationError('手机号码格式错误')
class PublishForm(Form):
title = fields.CharField(max_length=20,
min_length=5,
error_messages={'required': '标题不能为空',
'min_length': '标题最少为5个字符',
'max_length': '标题最多为20个字符'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
'placeholder': '标题5-20个字符'}))
# 使用自定义验证规则
phone = fields.CharField(validators=[mobile_validate, ],
error_messages={'required': '手机不能为空'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
'placeholder': u'手机号码'}))
email = fields.EmailField(required=False,
error_messages={'required': u'邮箱不能为空','invalid': u'邮箱格式错误'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control", 'placeholder': u'邮箱'}))
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<title>logintitle>
head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<form action="/login2/" method="post" novalidate class="form-horizontal">
{% csrf_token %}
<div class="form-group">
<label for="{{ form_obj.username.id_for_label }}"
class="col-md-2 control-label">{{ form_obj.username.label }}label>
<div class="col-md-10">
{{ form_obj.username }}
<span class="help-block">{{ form_obj.username.errors.0 }}span>
div>
div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="{{ form_obj.pwd.id_for_label }}" class="col-md-2 control-label">{{ form_obj.pwd.label }}label>
<div class="col-md-10">
{{ form_obj.pwd }}
<span class="help-block">{{ form_obj.pwd.errors.0 }}span>
div>
div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="col-md-2 control-label">{{ form_obj.gender.label }}label>
<div class="col-md-10">
<div class="radio">
{% for radio in form_obj.gender %}
<label for="{{ radio.id_for_label }}">
{{ radio.tag }}{{ radio.choice_label }}
label>
{% endfor %}
div>
div>
div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">注册button>
div>
div>
form>
div>
div>
<script src="/static/jquery-3.2.1.min.js">script>
<script src="/static/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js">script>
body>
html>
# 可通过重写form类的init方法来实现
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(
min_length=8,
label="用户名",
initial="张三",
error_messages={
"required": "不能为空",
"invalid": "格式错误",
"min_length": "用户名最短8位"
}
...
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(LoginForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
for field in iter(self.fields):
self.fields[field].widget.attrs.update({
'class': 'form-control'
})
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/forms/