交易所钱包服务是加密货币交易所系统中的重要组成部分,它负责与各种不同的区块链的交互,实现用户地址生成、充值与提现等功能。本文以对接以太坊区块链的钱包服务为例,介绍交易所系统平台中钱包管理服务的设计与实现。
交易所系统中钱包服务是一个非常重要的组件,它的主要功能包括:
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在我们继续之前,首先要满足以下环境要求:
其他的需求都由Docker镜像来满足,我们不需要安装其他任何东西了,只需要写一个简单的Docker Compos配置文档 —— docker-compose.yml:
version: '3'
services:
ganache:
image: trufflesuite/ganache-cli
command: -m
redis:
image: redis:alpine
ports:
- "6379:6379"
command: redis-server --appendonly yes
volumes:
- redis:/data
zookeeper:
image: wurstmeister/zookeeper
ports:
- "2181:2181"
kafka:
image: wurstmeister/kafka
ports:
- "9092:9092"
environment:
KAFKA_ADVERTISED_HOST_NAME: 127.0.0.1
KAFKA_CREATE_TOPICS: "command:1:1,address.created:1:1,transaction:1:1,errors:1:1"
KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:2181
volumes:
redis:
只要运行docker-compose up -d
就可以轻松地启动服务,这个命令会自动从Docker中心下载必要的镜像,然后启动。下面让我们看看都有哪些服务。
如果没有接入以太坊区块链的节点,我们的钱包服务就不会有什么用。在开发期我们不需要下载整个以太坊区块链,因此只要使用Ganache仿真器即可。使用Ganache的好处是开发效率高,因为出块极快。不过在生产环境中就需要使用像Geth这样的节点软件来接入以太坊主网了。
我们需要数据库来保存我们创建的地址,并且监听这些地址相关的交易。Redis是一个很出色的内存键/值数据库,非常适合我们的应用场景。
在这个教程中,我们将使用Redis数据库来保存我们为地址生成的私钥,但是在生产服务器上应当使用更安全的硬件设施来保护这些私钥。
Apache Kafka在交易所架构中扮演着核心的角色,它负责接收所有服务的消息并分发给订阅这些消息的节点。
对于以太坊钱包服务而言,我们将使用以下这些主题进行通信:
Apache Kafka服务器可以独立地进行扩展,为我们的服务提供了一个分布式的消息处理集群。
就我个人而言,是非常喜欢Elixir的,因为可以用它写出极其可靠的分布式应用,而且代码也很容易理解和维护。但是考虑到以太坊的生态,Elixir就没有什么优势了。
对于以太坊开发而言最好的选择还是使用Node.js/Javascript。因为有很多你可以直接就用的组件。因此我们的以太坊钱包服务最终决定使用Node.js开发。
首先运行npm init
命令来创建默认的node包:
~/exchange-hubwiz/eth-wallet$ npm init
然后我们可以添加一些钱包服务要用到的node依赖包,执行如下命令:
~/exhcange-hubwiz/eth-wallet$ npm install --save web3 redis kafka-node ethereumjs-tx bluebird
前三个依赖包的作用容易理解:
最后的两个依赖包有助于让我们的代码更容易理解,并且可以利用async/await的异步编程模式的优势。
接下来,我们将利用这些node包连接Redis、以太坊和Kafka服务器。
连接Redis非常简单,创建一个redis.js文件,然后编写如下代码:
// load configuration
const config = require('../../config')
const redis = require('redis')
const bluebird = require('bluebird')
// promisify the redis client using bluebird
bluebird.promisifyAll(redis.RedisClient.prototype);
bluebird.promisifyAll(redis.Multi.prototype);
// create a new redis client and connect to the redis instance
const client = redis.createClient(config.redis_port, config.redis_host);
// if an error occurs, print it to the console
client.on('error', function (err) {
console.error("[REDIS] Error encountered", err)
})
module.exports = client;
如果你认为连接Redis很简单了,那么使用web3连接以太坊节点简单的会让你吃惊。
创建一个ethereum.js,然后编写如下代码:
const config = require('../../config')
const Web3 = require('web3')
module.exports = new Web3(config.uri)
Kafka,需要从队列中提取消息进行消费,或者生产消息存入队列。因此我们也需要继续相关的配置。
创建一个新的文件query.js,然后编写如下的代码:
const kafka = require('kafka-node')
const config = require('../../config')
// configure how the consumers should connect to the broker/servers
// each consumer creates his own connecto to a broker
const default_options = {
host: config.kafka_zookeeper_uri,
autoCommit: true,
fromOffset: 'earliest',
}
module.exports.consumer = (group_id = "ethereum_wallet_manager_consumer", topics = [], opts = {}) => {
const options = Object.assign({ groupId: group_id }, default_options, opts)
const consumer = new kafka.ConsumerGroup(options, topics)
return consumer
}
// configure how the producer connects to the Apache Kafka broker
// initiate the connection to the kafka client
const client = new kafka.Client(config.kafka_zookeeper_uri, config.kafka_client_id)
module.exports.client = client
const producer = new kafka.Producer(client)
// add a listener to the ready event
async function on_ready(cb) {
producer.on('ready', cb)
}
// define a method to send multiple messages to the given topic
// this will return a promise that will resolve with the response from Kafka
// messages are converted to JSON strings before they are added in the queue
async function send(topic, messages) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
// convert objects to JSON strings
messages = messages.map(JSON.stringify)
// add the messages to the given topic
producer.send([{ topic, messages}], function (err, data) {
if (err) return reject(err)
resolve(data)
})
})
}
// expose only these methods to the rest of the application and abstract away
// the implementation of the producer to easily change it later
module.exports.on_ready = on_ready
module.exports.send = send
现在我们开始进入以太坊钱包服务的核心特性开发阶段。
交易所和支付网关需要为客户生成新地址,以便用户可以向服务充值,或者为产品付费。生成一个没有用过的以太坊地址是任何虚拟货币服务的基本需求,因此让我们看看如何实现。
首先,创建一个commands.js,在其中我们订阅队列中的消息。主要包括以下几个步骤:
代码如下:
const web3 = require("./ethereum")
const redis = require('./redis')
const queue = require('./queue')
/**
* Listen to new commands from the queue
*/
async function listen_to_commands() {
const queue_consumer = queue.consumer('eth.wallet.manager.commands', ['command'])
// process messages
queue_consumer.on('message', async function (topic_message) {
try {
const message = JSON.parse(topic_message.value)
// create the new address with some reply metadata to match the response to the request
const resp = await create_address(message.meta)
// if successful then post the response to the queue
if (resp) {
await queue_producer.send('address.created', [resp])
}
} catch (err) {
// in case something goes wrong catch the error and send it back in the 'errors' topic
console.error(topic_message, err)
queue_producer.send('errors', [{type: 'command', request: topic_message, error_code: err.code, error_message: err.message, error_stack: err.stack}])
}
})
return queue_consumer
}
/**
* Create a new ethereum address and return the address
*/
async function create_account(meta = {}) {
// generate the address
const account = await web3.eth.accounts.create()
// disable checksum when storing the address
const address = account.address.toLowerCase()
// save the public address in Redis without any transactions received yet
await redis.setAsync(`eth:address:public:${address}`, JSON.stringify({}))
// Store the private key in a vault.
// For demo purposes we use the same Redis instance, but this should be changed in production
await redis.setAsync(`eth:address:private:${address}`, account.privateKey)
return Object.assign({}, meta, {address: account.address})
}
module.exports.listen_to_commands = listen_to_commands
我们的钱包还没写完,当我们创建的地址收到用户充值时应当得到通知才对。为此,以太坊的web3客户端提供了newBlockHeaders订阅机制。此外,如果我们的服务偶然宕机,那么服务就会错过在宕机期间生产的区块,因此我们还需要检查钱包是否已经同步到了网络的最新区块。
创建 sync_blocks.js文件,编写如下代码:
const web3 = require('./ethereum')
/**
* Sync blocks and start listening for new blocks
* @param {Number} current_block_number - The last block processed
* @param {Object} opts - A list of options with callbacks for events
*/
async function sync_blocks(current_block_number, opts) {
// first sync the wallet to the latest block
let latest_block_number = await web3.eth.getBlockNumber()
let synced_block_number = await sync_to_block(current_block_number, latest_block_number, opts)
// subscribe to new blocks
web3.eth.subscribe('newBlockHeaders', (error, result) => error && console.log(error))
.on("data", async function(blockHeader) {
return await process_block(blockHeader.number, opts)
})
return synced_block_number
}
// Load all data about the given block and call the callbacks if defined
async function process_block(block_hash_or_id, opts) {
// load block information by id or hash
const block = await web3.eth.getBlock(block_hash_or_id, true)
// call the onTransactions callback if defined
opts.onTransactions ? opts.onTransactions(block.transactions) : null;
// call the onBlock callback if defined
opts.onBlock ? opts.onBlock(block_hash_or_id) : null;
return block
}
// Traverse all unprocessed blocks between the current index and the lastest block number
async function sync_to_block(index, latest, opts) {
if (index >= latest) {
return index;
}
await process_block(index + 1, opts)
return await sync_to_block(index + 1, latest, opts)
}
module.exports = sync_blocks
在上面的代码中,我们从钱包服务之前处理的最新区块开始,一直同步到区块链的当前最新区块。一旦我们同步到最新区块,就开始订阅新区块事件。对于每一个区块,我们都执行如下的回调函数以处理区块头以及区块中的交易列表:
通常包含如下的处理步骤:
最终的代码如下:
const web3 = require("web3")
const redis = require('./redis')
const queue = require('./queue')
const sync_blocks = require('./sync_blocks')
/**
* Start syncing blocks and listen for new transactions on the blockchain
*/
async function start_syncing_blocks() {
// start from the last block number processed or 0 (you can use the current block before deploying for the first time)
let last_block_number = await redis.getAsync('eth:last-block')
last_block_number = last_block_number || 0
// start syncing blocks
sync_blocks(last_block_number, {
// for every new block update the latest block value in redis
onBlock: update_block_head,
// for new transactions check each transaction and see if it's new
onTransactions: async (transactions) => {
for (let i in transactions) {
await process_transaction(transactions[i])
}
}
})
}
// save the lastest block on redis
async function update_block_head(head) {
return await redis.setAsync('eth:last-block', head)
}
// process a new transaction
async function process_transaction(transaction) {
const address = transaction.to.toLowerCase()
const amount_in_ether = web3.utils.fromWei(transaction.value)
// check if the receiving address has been generated by our wallet
const watched_address = await redis.existsAsync(`eth:address:public:${address}`)
if (watched_address !== 1) {
return false
}
// then check if it's a new transaction that should be taken into account
const transaction_exists = await redis.existsAsync(`eth:address:public:${address}`)
if (transaction_exists === 1) {
return false
}
// update the list of transactions for that address
const data = await redis.getAsync(`eth:address:public:${address}`)
let addr_data = JSON.parse(data)
addr_data[transaction.hash] = {
value: amount_in_ether
}
await redis.setAsync(`eth:address:public:${address}`, JSON.stringify(addr_data))
await redis.setAsync(`eth:transaction:${transaction.hash}`, transaction)
// move funds to the cold wallet address
// const cold_txid = await move_to_cold_storage(address, amount_in_ether)
// send notification to the kafka server
await queue_producer.send('transaction', [{
txid: transaction.hash,
value: amount_in_ether,
to: transaction.to,
from: transaction.from,
//cold_txid: cold_txid,
}])
return true
}
module.exports = start_syncing_blocks
我们已经完成了交易所以太坊钱包服务的设计与实现,这个服务还可以从以下几个方面加以改进:
你可以试着自己来设计实现上述这些特性!
原文链接:交易所钱包管理服务设计与实现 — 汇智网