【Flutter高级玩法-shape】Path在手，天下我有

不知你注意或是没注意组件的shape属性，
可能你觉得没啥用，或说一带而过，今天就来掰扯一下这个ShapeBorder 对象
它的强大远远超出你的想象，不过记住: Path 在手，天下我有，先看下效果

打洞	-

header 1	header 2

Material
Card
FloatingActionButton
RawMaterialButton
MaterialButton
    |----FlatButton
    |----RaisedButton
    |----OutlineButton
...

ClipPath
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一、`shape`属性对应的几类对象

shape 对应 ShapeBorder 对象 , 它的子类如下:

ShapeBorder [abstract]
|---BoxBorder [abstract]
    |---BorderDirectional
    |---Border
|---RoundedRectangleBorder
|---ContinuousRectangleBorder
|---CircleBorder
|---InputBorder [abstract]
    |---OutlineInputBorder
    |---UnderlineInputBorder
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1.从Material组件开始说起

估计这个组件用的人不多，但是翻看一下源码Card,RawMaterialButton及子族
它们的shape属性都来自于Material组件,可以说是它是shape的本宗，所以擒贼先擒王
下面是一个Material组件基本使用的demo:

  Widget _buildNoShape() {
    return Material(
              color: Colors.orangeAccent,
              elevation: 10,
              child: Container(
                alignment: Alignment.center,
                padding: EdgeInsets.all(10),
                height: 80,
                child: Text(
                  "No Shape",
                  style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 20),
                ),
              ),
            );
  }
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2 `BoxBorder$BorderDirectional 与 BoxBorder$Border`

BoxBorder主要掌管边线方面的事，自身是abstract，不能直接用
BorderDirectional 通过 【top】【bottom】【start】【end】分别控制上下左右的边线
边线对象BorderSide

Widget _buildBorderDirectional() {
  return Material(
            color: Colors.orangeAccent,
            shape: BorderDirectional(
                top: BorderSide(
                  color: Colors.white,
                ),
                start: BorderSide(
                  color: Colors.black,
                  width: 15
                ),
              bottom: BorderSide(
                color: Colors.white,
              )
            ),
            elevation: 2,
            child: Container(
              alignment: Alignment.center,
              padding: EdgeInsets.all(10),
              height: 80,
              child: Text(
                "BorderDirectional",
                style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 20),
              ),
            ),
          );
}
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Border 通过 【top】【bottom】【left】【right】分别控制上下左右的边线
本质上和BorderDirectional并没有什么区别

Widget _buildBorder() {
  return Material(
    color: Colors.orangeAccent,
    shape: Border(
      top: BorderSide(width: 5.0, color: Color(0xFFFFDFDFDF)),
      left: BorderSide(width: 5.0, color: Color(0xFFFFDFDFDF)),
      right: BorderSide(width: 5.0, color: Color(0xFFFF7F7F7F)),
      bottom: BorderSide(width: 5.0, color: Color(0xFFFF7F7F7F)),
    ),
    elevation: 10,
    child: Container(
      alignment: Alignment.center,
      padding: EdgeInsets.all(10),
      height: 80,
      child: Text(
        "Border",
        style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 20),
      ),
    ),
  );
}
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3 `CircleBorder`

CircleBorder 会以min(with,height) 为直径，裁处一个圆形

Widget _buildCircleBorder() {
  return Material(
    color: Colors.orangeAccent,
    shape: CircleBorder(
      side: BorderSide(width: 2.0, color: Color(0xFFFFDFDFDF)),
    ),
    elevation: 2,
    child: Container(
      alignment: Alignment.center,
      padding: EdgeInsets.all(10),
      height: 80,
      child: Text(
        "Circle",
        style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 20),
      ),
    ),
  );
}
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4 `RoundedRectangleBorder`和`ContinuousRectangleBorder`

圆角类矩形

Widget _buildRoundedRectangleBorder() {
  return Material(
    color: Colors.orangeAccent,
    shape: RoundedRectangleBorder(
        side: BorderSide(width: 1.0, color: Colors.black),
        borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(15))),
    elevation: 2,
    child: Container(
      alignment: Alignment.center,
      padding: EdgeInsets.all(10),
      height: 80,
      child: Text(
        "RoundedRectangleBorder",
        style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 20),
      ),
    ),
  );
}
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Material _buildContinuousRectangleBorder() {
  return Material(
    color: Colors.orangeAccent,
    elevation: 2,
    shape: ContinuousRectangleBorder(
      side: BorderSide.none,
      borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(40.0),
    ),
    child: Container(
      alignment: Alignment.center,
      padding: EdgeInsets.all(10),
      height: 80,
      child: Text(
        "ContinuousRectangleBorder",
        style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 20),
      ),
    ),
  );
}
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5 `OutlineInputBorder`和`UnderlineInputBorder`

常用与输入框的边线

Material _buildOutlineInputBorder() {
  return Material(
    color: Colors.orangeAccent,
    elevation: 2,
    shape: OutlineInputBorder(
      borderSide: BorderSide(width: 2.0, color: Colors.purple),
      borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(20.0),
    ),
    child: Container(
      alignment: Alignment.center,
      padding: EdgeInsets.all(10),
      height: 80,
      child: Text(
        "OutlineInputBorder",
        style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 20),
      ),
    ),
  );
}

Material _buildUnderlineInputBorder() {
  return Material(
    color: Colors.orangeAccent,
    elevation: 2,
    shape: UnderlineInputBorder(
      borderSide: BorderSide(width: 5.0, color: Colors.blue),
      borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(20),
    ),
    child: Container(
      alignment: Alignment.center,
      padding: EdgeInsets.all(10),
      height: 80,
      child: Text(
        "UnderlineInputBorder",
        style: TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 20),
      ),
    ),
  );
}
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这样Flutter内置的形状就over了，好了，引言结束，下面开始正题。

二、自定义ShapeBorder

1.继承ShapeBorder

一共有五个抽象方法

class SimpleShapeBoder extends ShapeBorder{
  @override
  EdgeInsetsGeometry get dimensions => null;

  @override
  Path getInnerPath(Rect rect, {TextDirection textDirection}) {
    return null;
  }

  @override
  Path getOuterPath(Rect rect, {TextDirection textDirection}) {
    return null;
  }

  @override
  void paint(Canvas canvas, Rect rect, {TextDirection textDirection}) {
  }

  @override
  ShapeBorder scale(double t) {
    return null;
  }
  
}
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2. paint方法

看到paint中的Canvas对象，心想: 又到装13的机会了
先瞄一眼这个rect对象的信息:

@override
void paint(Canvas canvas, Rect rect, {TextDirection textDirection}) {
  print(rect.toString());
}
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I/flutter ( 8697): Rect.fromLTRB(0.0, 0.0, 395.4, 80.0)
表明可以直接拿到组件的区域，然后....为所欲为吧

先画个小圆以表敬意: 这表示你可以通过shape属性来在一个组件上画任意的东西
如果有耐心画幅清明上河图也不成问题。paint是不是非常强大？

  @override
  void paint(Canvas canvas, Rect rect, {TextDirection textDirection}) {
    var paint = Paint()
      ..color = Colors.white
      ..strokeWidth = 2.0
      ..style = PaintingStyle.stroke
      ..strokeJoin = StrokeJoin.round;
    var w = rect.width;
    var h = rect.height;
    canvas.drawCircle(Offset(0.3*h,0.23*h), 0.12*h, paint);
    canvas.drawCircle(Offset(0.3*h,0.23*h), 0.06*h, paint..style=PaintingStyle.fill..color=Colors.black);
  }
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getOuterPath 返回一个Path对象，也就是形状的裁剪，这个更厉害
先来看圆角怎么切: 用path.addRRect来添加一个圆角矩形，然后就出现效果了

  @override
  Path getOuterPath(Rect rect, {TextDirection textDirection}) {
    var path = Path();
    path.addRRect(RRect.fromRectAndRadius(rect, Radius.circular(10)));
    return path;
  }
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3. `getOuterPath方法`

来打个洞吧。下面根据位置计算出一个圆形路径
将圆角矩形和圆形两个路径叠加，最后使用奇偶环绕来处理路径

关于路径Path的环绕规则已经其他的东西，可以看以前写的Android的路径文章
Android关于Path你所知道的和不知道的一切-填充的环绕原则

@override
Path getOuterPath(Rect rect, {TextDirection textDirection}) {
  var path = Path();
  path.addRRect(RRect.fromRectAndRadius(rect, Radius.circular(10)));
  
  var w = rect.width;
  var h = rect.height;
  var radius = 0.2*h;
  var pl= 0.1*h;
  var pt= 0.1*h;
  var left = w - radius - pl;
  var top = pt;
  var right = left + radius;
  var bottom = top + radius;
  path.addOval(Rect.fromLTRB(left, top, right, bottom));
  path.fillType = PathFillType.evenOdd;
  
  return path;
}
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就此来封装一个打洞的形状HoleShapeBorder，可指定洞的大小和偏移分率
这样洞在组件之间就可以随意移动

打洞	-

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

/// create by 张风捷特烈 on 2020-03-06
/// contact me by email [email protected]
/// 说明: 打个洞
/// offset 洞的偏移量分率 x,y 在 0~1 之间
/// size 洞的大小

class HoleShapeBorder extends ShapeBorder {
  final Offset offset;
  final double size;


  HoleShapeBorder({this.offset=const Offset(0.1, 0.1), this.size=20});

  @override
  EdgeInsetsGeometry get dimensions => null;

  @override
  Path getInnerPath(Rect rect, {TextDirection textDirection}) {
    var path = Path();
    path.addRRect(RRect.fromRectAndRadius(rect, Radius.circular(5)));
    return path;
  }

  @override
  Path getOuterPath(Rect rect, {TextDirection textDirection}) {
    var path = Path();
    path.addRRect(RRect.fromRectAndRadius(rect, Radius.circular(10)));


    var w = rect.width;
    var h = rect.height;
    var offsetXY = Offset( offset.dx*w,offset.dy*h);
    var d = size;
    _getHold(path, 1, d, offsetXY);
    path.fillType = PathFillType.evenOdd;
    return path;
  }

  _getHold(Path path, int count, double d, Offset offset) {
      var left = offset.dx;
      var top = offset.dy;
      var right = left + d;
      var bottom = top + d;
      path.addOval(Rect.fromLTRB(left, top, right, bottom));
    }

  @override
  void paint(Canvas canvas, Rect rect, {TextDirection textDirection}) {
  }

  @override
  ShapeBorder scale(double t) {
    // TODO: implement scale
    return null;
  }
}

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  Material _buildHoleShapeBorder() {
    return Material(
      color: Colors.orangeAccent,
      shape: HoleShapeBorder(
        size: 20,
        offset: Offset(0.05,0.1)
      ),
     //英雄所见...
  }
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既然能打一个洞，那也可以多打几个洞
把相关的属性抽离一下，做的打洞ShapeBorder岂不更香

  @override
  Path getOuterPath(Rect rect, {TextDirection textDirection}) {
    var path = Path();
    path.addRRect(RRect.fromRectAndRadius(rect, Radius.circular(10)));
    var w = rect.width;
    var h = rect.height;
    var holeCount = 12;
    var d = w / (1 + 2 * holeCount);
    _getHold(path, holeCount, d, 8);
    path.fillType = PathFillType.evenOdd;
    return path;
  }

  _getHold(Path path, int count, double d, double pt) {
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
      var left = d + 2 * d * i;
      var top = pt;
      var right = left + d;
      var bottom = top + d;
      path.addOval(Rect.fromLTRB(left, top, right, bottom));
    }
  }
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3.手撕优惠券

群里有个哥们提了一句,看能不能做一个优惠券:

Path在手，就是可以为所欲为，废话不多说，开搞
核心方法和上面类似，但涉及到路径操作还有些注意点
通过洞的个数和宽度来确定洞的直径，这样会避免最边上的尴尬，适配性更加

lineRate 来确定白线的分率位置(0,1) 下面两幅分别是0.718和0.618

dash 是否是虚线,color 为线的颜色

适应宽高: 分率线和小圆半径都会根据宽高自动进行更改

class CouponShapeBorder extends ShapeBorder {
  final int holeCount;
  final double lineRate;
  final bool dash;
  final Color color;

  CouponShapeBorder(
      {this.holeCount = 6,
      this.lineRate = 0.718,
      this.dash = true,
      this.color = Colors.white});

  @override
  EdgeInsetsGeometry get dimensions => null;

  @override
  Path getInnerPath(Rect rect, {TextDirection textDirection}) {
    return null;
  }

  @override
  Path getOuterPath(Rect rect, {TextDirection textDirection}) {
    var w = rect.width;
    var h = rect.height;

    var d = h / (1 + 2 * holeCount);

    var path = Path();
    path.addRect(rect);

    _formHoldLeft(path, d);
    _formHoldRight(path, w, d);
    _formHoleTop(path, rect);
    _formHoleBottom(path, rect);
    path.fillType = PathFillType.evenOdd;

    return path;
  }

  void _formHoleBottom(Path path, Rect rect) {
    path.addArc(
        Rect.fromCenter(
            center: Offset(lineRate * rect.width, rect.height),
            width: 13.0,
            height: 13.0),
        pi,
        pi);
  }

  void _formHoleTop(Path path, Rect rect) {
    path.addArc(
        Rect.fromCenter(
            center: Offset(lineRate * rect.width, 0),
            width: 13.0,
            height: 13.0),
        0,
        pi);
  }

  _formHoldLeft(Path path, double d) {
    for (int i = 0; i < holeCount; i++) {
      var left = -d / 2;
      var top = 0.0 + d + 2 * d * (i);
      var right = left + d;
      var bottom = top + d;
      path.addArc(Rect.fromLTRB(left, top, right, bottom), -pi / 2, pi);
    }
  }

  _formHoldRight(Path path, double w, double d) {
    for (int i = 0; i < holeCount; i++) {
      var left = -d / 2 + w;
      var top = 0.0 + d + 2 * d * (i);
      var right = left + d;
      var bottom = top + d;
      path.addArc(Rect.fromLTRB(left, top, right, bottom), pi / 2, pi);
    }
  }

  @override
  void paint(Canvas canvas, Rect rect, {TextDirection textDirection}) {
    var paint = Paint()
      ..color = color
      ..strokeWidth = 1.5
      ..style = PaintingStyle.stroke
      ..strokeJoin = StrokeJoin.round;
    var d = rect.height / (1 + 2 * holeCount);
    if (dash) {
      _drawDashLine(canvas, Offset(lineRate * rect.width, d / 2),
          rect.height / 16, rect.height - 13, paint);
    } else {
      canvas.drawLine(Offset(lineRate * rect.width, d / 2),
          Offset(lineRate * rect.width, rect.height - d / 2), paint);
    }
  }

  _drawDashLine(
      Canvas canvas, Offset start, double count, double length, Paint paint) {
    var step = length / count / 2;
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
      var offset = start + Offset(0, 2 * step * i);
      canvas.drawLine(offset, offset + Offset(0, step), paint);
    }
  }

  @override
  ShapeBorder scale(double t) {
    // TODO: implement scale
    return null;
  }
}
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三、ClipPath、Card 万物皆可裁剪

1. ClipPath中使用shape

上面主要在Material中使用，ClipPath中也有ShapeBorder的用武之地
现在我想用优惠券的裁切路径来裁个图片，so easy

  Widget _buildClipPath() {
    return Container(
      width: 300,
      height: 200,
      child: ClipPath(
        clipper: ShapeBorderClipper(
          shape: CouponShapeBorder()
        ),
        child: Image.asset('assets/images/bg.jpeg',fit: BoxFit.cover,),

      ),
    );
  }
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2. Card中使用shape

Card是基于Material实现的，可以直接使用shape属性
比如下面的列表题目，可以通过边线来润色一下

没形状	有形状

这篇就到这里吧，只是为你打开了一扇大门，究其核心还是path的操作。
不要让框架限制住你，它仅是最底的基层;在其之上的，应是用创造来筑建的大厦和城楼。

尾声

另外本人有一个Flutter微信交流群，欢迎小伙伴加入，共同探讨Flutter的问题，期待与你的交流与切磋。

@张风捷特烈 2019.03.05 未允禁转
我的公众号:编程之王
联系我--邮箱:[email protected] --微信:zdl1994328
~ END ~

【Flutter高级玩法-shape】Path在手，天下我有

一、shape属性 对应的几类对象

1.从Material组件开始说起

2 BoxBorder$BorderDirectional 与 BoxBorder$Border

3 CircleBorder

4 RoundedRectangleBorder和ContinuousRectangleBorder

5 OutlineInputBorder和UnderlineInputBorder

二、自定义ShapeBorder

1.继承ShapeBorder

2. paint方法

3. getOuterPath方法

3.手撕优惠券

三、ClipPath、Card 万物皆可裁剪

1. ClipPath中使用shape

2. Card中使用shape

尾声

你可能感兴趣的:(【Flutter高级玩法-shape】Path在手，天下我有)

一、`shape`属性对应的几类对象

2 `BoxBorder$BorderDirectional 与 BoxBorder$Border`

3 `CircleBorder`

4 `RoundedRectangleBorder`和`ContinuousRectangleBorder`

5 `OutlineInputBorder`和`UnderlineInputBorder`

3. `getOuterPath方法`