PO 模式 UI 自动化测试框架

一、项目结构

1、新建一个工程（一定要创建工程），工程名称自己定义，如：UiAutoTest

2、在工程下创建以下几个 pakage 包:

• --config：
  • --config.py：存放所有的配置文件、如：项目路径和数据，用例路径
  • globalconfig.py：存放所有的目录路径
• --data：
  • data.xlsx：测试数据、如：url地址，账号，密码
• --public：
  • -- pages：
    • MethodBaseClass.py：封装所有页面的公共方法，页面定位/操作方法
    • PageElement.py：所有的页面元素封装
  •  -- utils：封装读取文件或者 Excel 表格的工具类
    • getExcelValue.py：此模块使用了读取ReadExcel中封装函数从Excel文件中进行读取操作
    • ReadExcel.py：封装读取Excel文件操作
    • email.py 邮件收发方法
• --report：存放测试报告
• --run_all：
  • --run_all.py：批量运行用例
• --TestCase：
  • case01.py：测试用例

二、实例如下

1、config 包下的文件

"""
config.py：存放所有的配置文件、如：项目路径
"""

project_path = "D:/pycharm/StudyUiAutoTest"

"""
globalconfig.py：存放所有的目录路径
"""


import os
from config import conf

data_path = os.path.join(conf.project_path,"data","data.xlsx")  #data.xlsx文件绝对路径
# print(data_path)
case_path = os.path.join(conf.project_path,"testcases")     #用例存放路径
# print(case_path)
report_path = os.path.join(conf.project_path,"report")      #报告存放路径
# print(report_path)

2、data 包下的文件

3、public / pages 包下的文件

"""
MethodBaseClass.py：封装所有页面的公共方法，页面定位/操作方法
"""


class MethodBase():

    def __init__(self,dirver):
        self.driver = dirver

    def find_element(self,locator):
        mode = locator[0]
        value = locator[1]
        try:
            if mode == "id" or mode == "Id" or mode == "ID":
                elem = self.driver.find_element_by_id(value)
            elif mode == "name" or mode == "Name" or mode == "NAME":
                elem = self.driver.find_element_by_name(value)
            elif mode == "xpath" or mode == "Xpath" or mode == "XPATH":
                elem = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(value)
            elif mode == "link" or mode == "Link" or mode == "LINK":
                elem = self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(value)
            elif mode == "class" or mode == "Class" or mode == "CLASS":
                elem = self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(value)
            else:
                raise NameError("mode error!")
        except Exception:
            raise NameError("{} not found!".format(locator))
        else:
            return elem

    def click(self,element):
        element.click()

    def send_keys(self,element,text):
        element.send_keys(text)

    def get_title(self):
        return self.driver.title

    def get_text(self,element):
        return element.text

    def maximizewindow(self):
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    def get_url(self,url):
        self.driver.get(url)

    def wait(self,sec):
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(sec)

    def Quit(self):
        self.driver.quit()

"""
PageElement.py：所有的页面元素封装
"""

class Elenmet():

    #百度首页
    input_box = ("id","kw")
    search_button = ("id","su")
    baidu_logo = ("id","result_logo")

4、public / utils 包下的文件

"""
getExcelValue.py 封装 Excel 中获取到的数据
"""

from public.utils.ReadExcel import ReadExcel

class GetValue():

    def getPython(self):
        return ReadExcel("Sheet1").getValue(1,0)

    def getJava(self):
        return ReadExcel("Sheet1").getValue(2,0)

    def getHtml(self):
        return ReadExcel("Sheet1").getValue(3,0)

    def getUrl(self):
        return ReadExcel("Sheet1").getValue(1,1)

"""
ReadExcel.py 封装读取Excel文件操作
"""

import xlrd
from config.globalconf import *

class ReadExcel():

    def __init__(self,sheetName):
        workBook = xlrd.open_workbook(data_path)
        self.workSheet = workBook.sheet_by_name(sheetName)

    def getValue(self,rowx,cols):
        value = self.workSheet.cell(rowx,cols).value
        return value

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print(ReadExcel("Sheet1").getValue(2,0))

"""
email.py 配置收发邮件
"""
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
import smtplib
import time
import os
def send_mail(new_report):
    f = open(new_report, "rb")
    mail_body = f.read()
    f.close()

    username = "[email protected]"  #发件箱用户名
    password = "gekzdyrczcloghbx"        #发件箱密码（授权码）
    sender = "[email protected]"    #发件人邮箱
    receiver = ["[email protected]"]  #收件人邮箱
    # 邮件正文是MIMEText
    msg = MIMEText(mail_body, "html", "utf-8")

    # 邮件对象
    msg["Subject"] = Header("自动化测试报告", "utf-8").encode()
    msg["From"] = Header(u"测试机 <%s>"%sender)
    msg["To"] = Header("测试负责人 <%s>"%receiver)
    msg["date"] = time.strftime("%a,%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z")
    #发送邮件
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
    smtp.connect("smtp.qq.com")  # 邮箱服务器
    smtp.login(username, password)  # 登录邮箱
    smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())  # 发送者和接收者
    smtp.quit()
    print("邮件已发出！注意查收。")


# ======查找测试目录，找到最新生成的测试报告文件======
def new_report(test_report):
    lists = os.listdir(test_report)  # 列出目录的下所有文件和文件夹保存到lists
    lists.sort(key=lambda fn: os.path.getmtime(test_report + "\\" + fn))  # 按时间排序
    file_new = os.path.join(test_report, lists[-1])  # 获取最新的文件保存到file_new
    return file_new

5、run_all 包下的文件

import unittest
from config.globalconf import *
import HTMLTestRunner
import time
from public.utils.email import *

now_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S")   #获取格式化时间
filepath = report_path + "/" + str(now_time) + "TestReport.html"    # 拼接测试报告路径和名称

def run_all_case():
    dis = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(case_path,"case*.py")
    f = open(filepath,"wb")
    runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=f)
    runner.run(dis)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    run_all_case()
    report = new_report(report_path)
    send_mail(report)

6、TestCase 包下文件

from public.page.MethodBaseClass import MethodBase
from selenium import webdriver
from public.utils.getExcelValue import GetValue
from public.page.PageElement import Elenmet as E
import time
import unittest
import sys

class Test_Case(unittest.TestCase):
    """
    测试用例
    """
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls) -> None:
        url = GetValue().getUrl()
        driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        cls.dr = MethodBase(driver)
        cls.dr.get_url(url)
        cls.dr.wait(10)
        cls.dr.maximizewindow()
        time.sleep(1)

    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls) -> None:
        time.sleep(2)
        cls.dr.Quit()

    def tearDown(self) -> None:
        time.sleep(2)
        baiduLogo = self.dr.find_element(E.baidu_logo)
        self.dr.click(baiduLogo)

    def testpython(self):
        inputBox = self.dr.find_element(E.input_box)    #定位输入框
        text = GetValue().getPython()
        self.dr.send_keys(inputBox,text)        #输入操作
        seachButton = self.dr.find_element(E.search_button)     #定位百度一下按钮
        self.dr.click(seachButton)      #点击百度一下
        time.sleep(1)
        title = self.dr.get_title()     #获取title断言
        self.assertIn(text,title,msg="Testcase {} error".format(sys._getframe().f_code.co_name))    #出现异常时带入用例名称

    def testjava(self):
        inputBox = self.dr.find_element(E.input_box)
        text = GetValue().getJava()
        self.dr.send_keys(inputBox,text)
        seachButton = self.dr.find_element(E.search_button)
        self.dr.click(seachButton)
        time.sleep(1)
        title = self.dr.get_title()
        self.assertIn(text, title, msg="Testcase {} error".format(sys._getframe().f_code.co_name))

    def testhtml(self):
        inputBox = self.dr.find_element(E.input_box)
        text = GetValue().getHtml()
        self.dr.send_keys(inputBox,text)
        seachButton = self.dr.find_element(E.search_button)
        self.dr.click(seachButton)
        time.sleep(1)
        title = self.dr.get_title()
        self.assertIn(text, title, msg="Testcase {} error".format(sys._getframe().f_code.co_name))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()