windows下ping程序实现
windows下ping程序的实现：使用原始套接字SOCK_RAW，基于IP协议上的ICMP协议来实现，发送的ICMP数据包type为8（请求回复），收到的回复的ICMP数据包type为0，为了判断收到是数据包是本进程发送的。将ICMP包的id设置为本进程的ID。如果使用-r选项，会记录中间经过的route。
参考代码：
// Description:
// This sample illustrates how an ICMP ping app can be written
// using the SOCK_RAW socket type and IPPROTO_ICMP protocol.
// By creating a raw socket, the underlying layer does not change
// the protocol header so that when we submit the ICMP header
// nothing is changed so that the receiving end will see an
// ICMP packet. Additionally, we use the record route IP option
// to get a round trip path to the endpoint. Note that the size
// of the IP option header that records the route is limited to
// nine IP addresses.
//
// Compile:
// cl -o Ping Ping.c ws2_32.lib /Zp1
//
// Command Line Options/Parameters:
// Ping [host] [packet-size]
//
// host String name of host to ping
// packet-size Integer size of packet to send
// (smaller than 1024 bytes)
//
//#pragma pack(1)
#include "stdafx.h"
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#define IP_RECORD_ROUTE 0x7
// IP header structure
typedef struct _iphdr
{
//Suppose the BYTE_ORDER is LITTLE_ENDIAN
unsigned int h_len:4; // Length of the header
unsigned int version:4; // Version of IP
unsigned char tos; // Type of service
unsigned short total_len; // Total length of the packet
unsigned short id; // Unique identification
unsigned short frag_offset; // Fragment offset
unsigned char ttl; // Time to live
unsigned char protocol; // Protocol (TCP, UDP etc)
unsigned short checksum; // IP checksum
unsigned int sourceIP; // Source IP
unsigned int destIP; // Destination IP
} IpHeader;
#define ICMP_ECHO 8
#define ICMP_ECHOREPLY 0
#define ICMP_MIN 8 // Minimum 8-byte ICMP packet (header)
// ICMP header structure
// This is not the standard header, but we reserve space for time
typedef struct _icmphdr
{
BYTE i_type;
BYTE i_code; // Type sub code
USHORT i_cksum;
USHORT i_id;
USHORT i_seq;
ULONG timestamp;
} IcmpHeader;
// IP option header - use with socket option IP_OPTIONS
typedef struct _ipoptionhdr
{
unsigned char code; // Option type
unsigned char len; // Length of option hdr
unsigned char ptr; // Offset into options
unsigned long addr[9]; // List of IP addrs
} IpOptionHeader;
#define DEF_PACKET_SIZE 32 // Default packet size
#define MAX_PACKET 1024 // Max ICMP packet size
#define MAX_IP_HDR_SIZE 60 // Max IP header size w/options
BOOL bRecordRoute;
int datasize;
char *lpdest;
// Function: usage
// Description:
// Print usage information
void usage(char *progname)
{
printf("usage: ping -r [data size] ");
printf(" -r record route ");
printf(" host remote machine to ping ");
printf(" datasize can be up to 1KB ");
ExitProcess(-1);
}
// Function: FillICMPData
// Description:
// Helper function to fill in various fields for our ICMP request
void FillICMPData(char *icmp_data, int datasize)
{
IcmpHeader *icmp_hdr = NULL;
char *datapart = NULL;
icmp_hdr = (IcmpHeader*)icmp_data;
icmp_hdr->i_type = ICMP_ECHO; // Request an ICMP echo, type is 8
icmp_hdr->i_code = 0; // code is 0
icmp_hdr->i_id = (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId();
icmp_hdr->i_cksum = 0;
icmp_hdr->i_seq = 0;
datapart = icmp_data + sizeof(IcmpHeader);
// Place some junk in the buffer
memset(datapart, 'E' , datasize - sizeof(IcmpHeader));
}
// Function: checksum
// Description:
// This function calculates the 16-bit one's complement sum
// of the supplied buffer (ICMP) header
USHORT checksum(USHORT *buffer, int size)
{
unsigned long cksum=0;
while(size > 1)
{
cksum += *buffer++;
size -= sizeof(USHORT);
}
if(size)
{
cksum += *(UCHAR*)buffer;
}
cksum = (cksum >> 16) + (cksum & 0xffff);
cksum += (cksum >>16);
return (USHORT)(~cksum);
}
// Function: DecodeIPOptions
// Description:
// If the IP option header is present, find the IP options
// within the IP header and print the record route option values
void DecodeIPOptions(char *buf, int bytes)
{
IpOptionHeader *ipopt = NULL;
IN_ADDR inaddr;
int i;
HOSTENT *host = NULL;
ipopt = (IpOptionHeader *)(buf + 20);
printf("Record Route: ");
for(i = 0; i < (ipopt->ptr / 4) - 1; i++)
{
inaddr.S_un.S_addr = ipopt->addr[i];
if (i != 0) printf(" ");
host = gethostbyaddr((char *)&inaddr.S_un.S_addr, sizeof(inaddr.S_un.S_addr), AF_INET);
if (host)
printf("(%-15s) %s ", inet_ntoa(inaddr), host->h_name);
else
printf("(%-15s) ", inet_ntoa(inaddr));
}
printf("\n");
return;
}
// Function: DecodeICMPHeader
// Description:
// The response is an IP packet. We must decode the IP header to
// locate the ICMP data.
void DecodeICMPHeader(char *buf, int bytes, struct sockaddr_in *from)
{
IpHeader *iphdr = NULL;
IcmpHeader *icmphdr = NULL;
unsigned short iphdrlen;
DWORD tick;
static int icmpcount = 0;
iphdr = (IpHeader *)buf;
// Number of 32-bit words * 4 = bytes
iphdrlen = iphdr->h_len * 4;
tick = GetTickCount();
if((iphdrlen == MAX_IP_HDR_SIZE) && (!icmpcount))
DecodeIPOptions(buf, bytes);
if(bytes < iphdrlen + ICMP_MIN)
{
printf("Too few bytes from %s \n", inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
}
icmphdr = (IcmpHeader*)(buf + iphdrlen);
if(icmphdr->i_type != ICMP_ECHOREPLY) // echo type must be 0
{
printf("non-echo type %d recvd \n", icmphdr->i_type);
return;
}
// Make sure this is an ICMP reply to something we sent!
// In FillICMPData function we assign the i_id is GetCurrentProcessId()
if(icmphdr->i_id != (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId())
{
printf("someone else's packet! \n");
return ;
}
printf("%d bytes from %s ", bytes, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
printf("icmp_seq = %d. ", icmphdr->i_seq);
printf("time: %d ms", tick - icmphdr->timestamp);
printf("\n");
icmpcount++;
return;
}
// Function: ValidateArgs
// Description:
// Check the input arguments is valid or not.
void ValidateArgs(int argc, char **argv)
{
bRecordRoute = FALSE;
lpdest = NULL;
datasize = DEF_PACKET_SIZE;
for(int i = 1; i < argc; i++)
{
if((argv[i][0] == '-') || (argv[i][0] == '/'))
{
switch (tolower(argv[i][1]))
{
case 'r': // Record route option
bRecordRoute = TRUE;
break;
default:
usage(argv[0]);
break;
}
}
else if(isdigit(argv[i][0]))
datasize = atoi(argv[i]);
else
lpdest = argv[i];
}
}
//
// Function: main
//
// Description:
// Setup the ICMP raw socket, and create the ICMP header. Add
// the appropriate IP option header, and start sending ICMP
// echo requests to the endpoint. For each send and receive,
// we set a timeout value so that we don t wait forever for a
// response in case the endpoint is not responding. When we
// receive a packet decode it.
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
WSADATA wsaData;
SOCKET sockRaw = INVALID_SOCKET;
struct sockaddr_in dest, from;
int bread,
fromlen = sizeof(from),
timeout = 1000,
ret;
char icmp_data[MAX_PACKET],
recvbuf[MAX_PACKET];
unsigned int addr = 0;
USHORT seq_no = 0;
struct hostent *hp = NULL;
IpOptionHeader ipopt;
if(WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0)
{
printf("WSAStartup() failed: %d \n", GetLastError());
return -1;
}
// Check the input arguments
ValidateArgs(argc, argv);
// Create a raw socket with IPPROTO_ICMP protocol
sockRaw = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
if(sockRaw == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
printf("WSASocket() failed: %d \n", WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
if(bRecordRoute)
{
// Setup the IP option header to go out on every ICMP packet
memset(&ipopt,0,sizeof(ipopt));
ipopt.code = IP_RECORD_ROUTE; // Record route option
ipopt.ptr = 4; // Point to the first addr offset
ipopt.len = 39; // Length of option header
ret = setsockopt(sockRaw, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, (char *)&ipopt, sizeof(ipopt));
if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("setsockopt(IP_OPTIONS) failed: %d \n", WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
}
// Set the send/recv timeout values
timeout = 1000;
bread = setsockopt(sockRaw, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout));
if(bread == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("setsockopt(SO_RCVTIMEO) failed: %d \n", WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
timeout = 1000;
bread = setsockopt(sockRaw, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, (char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout));
if(bread == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("setsockopt(SO_SNDTIMEO) failed: %d \n", WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
// Resolve the endpoint's name if necessary
memset(&dest, 0, sizeof(dest));
dest.sin_family = AF_INET;
if((dest.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(lpdest)) == INADDR_NONE)
{
if((hp = gethostbyname(lpdest)) != NULL)
{
memcpy(&(dest.sin_addr), hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
dest.sin_family = hp->h_addrtype;
printf("dest.sin_addr = %s \n", inet_ntoa(dest.sin_addr));
}
else
{
printf("gethostbyname() failed: %d \n", WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
}
// Create the ICMP packet
datasize += sizeof(IcmpHeader);
memset(icmp_data,0,MAX_PACKET);
// Fill the ICMP packet
FillICMPData(icmp_data,datasize);
// Start sending/receiving ICMP packets
while(1)
{
static int nCount = 0;
int bwrote;
if(nCount++ == 10) break;
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_cksum = 0;
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->timestamp = GetTickCount();
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_seq = seq_no++;
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_cksum = checksum((USHORT*)icmp_data, datasize);
bwrote = sendto(sockRaw, icmp_data, datasize, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&dest, sizeof(dest));
if(bwrote == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
if(WSAGetLastError() == WSAETIMEDOUT)
{
printf("timed out \n");
continue;
}
printf("sendto() failed: %d \n", WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
if(bwrote < datasize)
{
printf("Wrote %d bytes \n", bwrote);
}
bread = recvfrom(sockRaw, recvbuf, MAX_PACKET, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&from, &fromlen);
if(bread == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
if(WSAGetLastError() == WSAETIMEDOUT)
{
printf("timed out \n");
continue;
}
printf("recvfrom() failed: %d \n", WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
DecodeICMPHeader(recvbuf, bread, &from);
Sleep(1000);
}
// Cleanup
if (sockRaw != INVALID_SOCKET)
closesocket(sockRaw);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}