Yii常用功能手册
安装
安装yii2初级程序
composer global require "fxp/composer-asset-plugin:^1.2.0"
composer create-project --prefer-dist yiisoft/yii2-app-basic basic安装yii2高级模板程序
composer global require "fxp/composer-asset-plugin:^1.2.0"
composer create-project --prefer-dist yiisoft/yii2-app-advanced yii-application
/path/to/php-bin/php /path/to/yii-application/init详情参考GitHub官网
通过composer.json安装扩展
composer install更新本地composer扩展库
composer update直接安装某个composer扩展
composer require [options] [--] [vendor/packages]...DAO
Yii的数据库读取对象，在PDO之上，DAO后有了Query Builder和AR
获得数据库连接
$conn = Yii::$app->db;执行数据库查询语句
Yii::$app->db->createCommand("SELECT * FROM `user`");
Yii::$app->db->createCommand("SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE uid=:uid",[":uid"=>1]);
Yii::$app->db->createCommand("SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE uid=:uid")->addValue([":uid"=>1]);SQL语句插入数据
Yii::$app->db->createCommand('INSERT INTO user (email, password) VALUES("[email protected]", "test3");')->execute();数组形式插入数据
Yii::$app->db->createCommand()->insert('user', [
'email' => '[email protected]',
'password' => 'changeme7',
'first_name' => 'Test'
])->execute();批量插入数据
Yii::$app->db->createCommand()->batchInsert('user', ['email', 'password', 'first_name'],
[
['[email protected]', 'changeme7', 'James'],
['[email protected]', 'changeme7', 'Linda']
['[email protected]', 'changeme7']
])->execute();更新数据
Yii::$app->db->createCommand()->update('user', ['updated_at' => time()], 'id = 2')->execute();删除数据
Yii::$app->db->createCommand()->delete('user', 'id = 3')->execute();获取所有数据(数组形式返回)
Yii::$app->db->createCommand("SELECT * FROM `user`")->queryAll();获取一条数据（一维数组）
Yii::$app->db->createCommand("SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE id = 1")->queryOne();获取一个值
Yii::$app->db->createCommand("SELECT count(*) AS total FROM `user` WHERE id = 1")->queryScalar();获取某一列（放到一位数组中）
Yii::$app->db->createCommand("SELECT username FROM `user`")->queryColumn();Logging
日志功能
trace
Yii::trace($message,$category) //记录一条消息去跟踪一段代码是怎样运行的。这主要在开发的时候使用。info
Yii::info($message,$category) //记录一条消息来传达一些有用的信息。warning
Yii::warning($message,$category) //记录一个警告消息用来指示一些已经发生的意外。error
Yii::error($message,$category) //记录一个致命的错误，这个错误应该尽快被检查。Validator
数据验证，最常用于模型的rules()函数
required 必须值
["username",'required']
[["username","email"],'required']
[["username"],'required',"message"=>"{attribute}必须填写"]
[["username"],'required','requiredValue'=>"abei"] //用户填写的值必须等于requiredValue才能通过验证。Email验证
["email",'email']
[["email","work_email"],'email']Boolean验证
['sex', 'boolean', 'trueValue' => true, 'falseValue' => false, 'strict' => true]; //可以认为置顶 true / false 值。captcha验证码
['verificationCode', 'captcha'];compare比较
['username', 'compare', 'compareAttribute' => 'province','message'=>'username和province必须一样'] //错误信息将提示给username
['age', 'compare', 'compareValue' => 30, 'operator' => '>=','type' => 'number'];//compareValue:比较常量值 operator:比较操作符 type为值类型，默认为string，会一个每个字符对比，若为number则直接判断数值
//operator 待选值==、===、!=、!==、>、>=、<、<=date验证
["birth","date","format"=>"Y-m-d"]default验证
['age','default','value'=>null] //当age为空的时候设置为null
['country','default','value'=>'USA'] //当 country为空时设置为USA
/* 如果from为空，则=今天+3天，如果to为空，则=今天+6天 */
[['from','to'],'default','value'=>function($model,$attribute){
return date('Y-m-d', strtotime($attribute === 'to' ? '+3 days' : '+6 days'));
}]double/number验证
['v','double'] //判断v是否为数字
['v','double','max'=>90,'min'=>1]//判断v是否为数字且大于等于1、小于等于90数组各元素验证
["categoryIds","each","rule"=>['integer']]exist是否存在验证
/* 所谓对存在的检查实质为where的与操作，必须同时瞒住的记录存在方可。兄弟们可以研究下，exist是对sql语句EXISTS的应用*/
["username","exist"] //username输入的值已经存在
["username","exist","targetAttribute"=>"province"] //username的输入值必须在province列存在
["username","exist",'targetAttribute' => ['username', 'province']] //username的输入值必须在username和province中存在
[["username","province"],"exist",'targetAttribute' => ['username', 'province']] //username和province的输入值必须在username和province中存在file验证
/* maxFiles代表一次最多传几个，mimeTypes代表上传文件类型 */
['primaryImage', 'file', 'extensions' => ['png', 'jpg', 'gif'],'mimeTypes'=>["image/*"], 'maxSize' => 1024*1024,'minSize'=>100*1024,'maxFiles'=>6,'checkExtensionByMimeType'=>true],
###filter过滤验证函数
[['username', 'email'], 'filter', 'filter' => 'trim', 'skipOnArray' => true],
['phone', 'filter', 'filter' => function ($value) {
//normalize phone input here
return $value;
}],image验证
/* 上传png/jpg格式，最大宽度不能超过1000px，最小宽度不能低于100px，最大高度不能高于1000px。最小高度不能低于100px */
['primaryImage', 'image', 'extensions' => 'png, jpg','minWidth' => 100, 'maxWidth' => 1000,'minHeight' => 100, 'maxHeight' => 1000]ip验证
["ip_addess","ip"]in方法验证
["level","in","range"=>[1,2,3]]integer验证
["age",'integer'];
["age","integer","max"=>90,"min"=>1]正则匹配验证
["username","match","pattern"=>"/^[a-z]\w*$/i"]safe验证（多用于设置一个model的attribute）
["description","safe"]string验证
["username","string","length"=>[4,24]];
["username","string","min"=>4];
["username","string","max"=>32];
["username","string","encoding"=>"UTF-8"];unique唯一验证
用户名验证
["username","unique"]
["username","unique","targetAttribute"=>"province"]url验证
["website","url"]
["website","url","validSchemes"=>["http","https"]]Session Cookie
Session被封装成一个应用组件，直接通过Yii::$app->session来访问；Cookie通过Request和Response来操作。
获得session
$session = Yii::$app->session;检查session是否开启
Yii::$app->session->isActive开启一个session
Yii::$app->session->open()关闭session
Yii::$app->session->close();销毁session中所有已注册的数据
Yii::$app->session->destroy();访问一个session
/* 以下三种方法效果等同 */
$language = $session->get('language');
$language = $session['language'];
$language = isset($_SESSION['language']) ? $_SESSION['language'] : null;设置一个session
/* 以下三种方法效果等同 */
$session->set('language', 'en-US');
$session['language'] = 'en-US';
$_SESSION['language'] = 'en-US';删除一个session变量
/* 下面三种方法效果等同 */
$session->remove('language');
unset($session['language']);
unset($_SESSION['language']);检查一个session变量是否存在
/* 以下三种方法效果一致 */
if ($session->has('language')) ...
if (isset($session['language'])) ...
if (isset($_SESSION['language'])) ...Cookie
获取cookie
$cookies = Yii::$app->request->cookies;设置cookie
$cookies = Yii::$app->response->cookies;获取一个cookie值
$language = $cookies->getValue('language', 'en'); //如果获取language失败，则返回"en"代替另一种获取cookie值方法
if (($cookie = $cookies->get('language')) !== null) {
$language = $cookie->value;
}数组方式获取cookie值
if (isset($cookies['language'])) {
$language = $cookies['language']->value;
}检查一个cookie是否存在
if ($cookies->has('language')) ...
if (isset($cookies['language'])) ...新增一个cookie
$cookies->add(new \yii\web\Cookie([
'name' => 'language',
'value' => 'zh-CN',
]));删除一个cookie
$cookies->remove('language');
unset($cookies['language']);Request
Request 被配置为一个应用组件，我们可以通过Yii::$app->request访问它。
获得当前请求的绝对url
Yii::$app->request->getAbsoluteUrl();返回一个请求URL的hostInfo部分
Yii::$app->request->getHostInfo();获得URL问号后的参数字符串
Yii::$app->request->getQueryString()返回服务器端口
Yii::$app->request->getServerPort();返回用户接受的内容类型
Yii::$app->request-> getAcceptableContentTypes (); //Header Accept返回用户可接受的语言
Yii::$app->request-> getAcceptableLanguages(); //Header Accept-Language返回GET/POST请求
Yii::$app->request->get();
Yii::$app->request->get("id");
Yii::$app->request->POST();
Yii::$app->request->POST("username");判断请求类型（返回boolean）
Yii::$app->request->isAjax //判断是否为ajax请求
Yii::$app->request->isConsoleRequest //判断是否为控制发起的请求
Yii::$app->request->isDelete //判断是否为DELETE请求
Yii::$app->request->isGet //判断是否为GET请求
Yii::$app->request->isPost //判断是否为POST请求
Yii::$app->request->isPjax //判断是否为isPjax请求返回用户的 IP
Yii::$app->request->getUserIP();Response
和Request一样，Response被封装成Yii的一个组件，你可以通过Yii::$app->response轻松的访问它。
设置一个Status Code
Yii::$app->response->statusCode = 200;Yii内置的通过异常形式返回状态码
yii\web\BadRequestHttpException: status code 400.
yii\web\ConflictHttpException: status code 409.
yii\web\ForbiddenHttpException: status code 403.
yii\web\GoneHttpException: status code 410.
yii\web\MethodNotAllowedHttpException: status code 405.
yii\web\NotAcceptableHttpException: status code 406.
yii\web\NotFoundHttpException: status code 404.
yii\web\ServerErrorHttpException: status code 500.
yii\web\TooManyRequestsHttpException: status code 429.
yii\web\UnauthorizedHttpException: status code 401.
yii\web\UnsupportedMediaTypeHttpException: status code 415.抛出其他Status Code
throw new \yii\web\HttpException(402); //如果系统没有，可以通过HttpException自己写状态码
throw new \yii\web\HttpException(402,"message");添加设置删除Http Headers内容
$headers = Yii::$app->response->headers;add a Pragma header. Existing Pragma headers will NOT be overwritten.
$headers->add('Pragma', 'no-cache');set a Pragma header. Any existing Pragma headers will be discarded.
$headers->set('Pragma', 'no-cache');remove Pragma header(s) and return the removed Pragma header values in an array
$values = $headers->remove('Pragma');响应主体
Yii::$app->response->content = 'hello world!';返回JSON格式
Yii::$app->response->format = Response::FORMAT_JSON;
return $results;ActiveForm
查询返回数组形式
$command->queryAll(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);Html
通过Html类的一些静态方法生成Html标签。
生成一个超级链接
Html::a('链接的文本', $url);通过Yii2的路由生成一个链接
Html::a('链接文本', Url::to(['/site/index'], true));
Html::a('链接文本', Yii::$app->urlManager->createUrl(['/site/index']));生成一个图片链接
Html::img("/images/logo.png",['class'=>'img']);生成一个按钮
Html::button("按钮文本",['class'=>'button-action']);发送邮件链接
Html::mailto("阿北",'[email protected]',$options);生成有序列表
$list = ['china','usa'];
Html::ol($list);生成无需列表
$list = ['china','usa','japan'];
Html::ul($list);生成javascript代码
Html::script("alert('hello world');")生成style代码
Html::style("color:#F60");
Html::style(".list {background:#FFF;}");生成一个css引用链接
Html::cssFile("http://baidu.com/style.css",[]);生成一个js文件引用
Html::jsFile($url,[]);把字符 “<” （小于）和 “>” （大于）转换为HTML实体
Html::encode($html);将特色的HTML实体转化为>和<
Html::decode($string);Alias
定义和使用
定义一个别名
Yii::setAlias('@baidu', 'http://www.baidu.com');获得一个别名
Yii::getAlias($name);获得Yii框架所在的目录
Yii::getAlias('@yii')正在运行的应用的根目录
Yii::getAlias('@app')Composer第三方库所在目录
Yii::getAlias("@vendor")bower库所在位置
Yii::getAlias("@bower");npm库所在位置
Yii::getAlias("@npm");运行时存放文件路径
Yii::getAlias("@runtime");index.php所在目录
Yii::getAlias("@webroot");当前应用的根URL，主要用于前端。
Yii::getAlias("@web");高级版-通用文件夹
Yii::getAlias("@common");高级版-前台应用所在位置
Yii::getAlias("@frontend");高级版-后台应用所在位置
Yii::getAlias("@backend");命令行库所在位置
Yii::getAlias("@console");Query Builder
主要解决DAO在查询语句上的繁琐问题，无需输入原生SQL语句就可以完成数据库检索。
使用Query Builder需要使用的类
$query = (new \yii\db\Query());
//yii2使用Query对象来采集SQL的各个部分，然后由Query Builder组成SQL语句后由DAO发给数据库获得请求。SELECT方法
$query->select("id,username"); //字符串形式
$query->select(['id','username']); //数组形式
$query->select(["userId"=>"id","fName"=>"user.frist_name"]); //起别名
$query->select(["full_name"=>"CONCAT(id,'-',username)"]); //支持MYSQL函数FROM方法
$query->from("user"); //字符串形式
$query->from(["u"=>"user"]); //数据表别名过滤掉重复记录
$query->select("username")->distinct()->from("user"); //distinctWHERE函数用法
/* 传递字符串 */
$query->where("id = 1");
$query->where("id = :id")->addParams([":id"=>1]);
$query->where("id = :id",[":id"=>1]);
/* 传递数组 */
$query->where(["username"=>"abei","age"=>[20,19,26]])->from("user"); //select * from user where username="abei" AND age in (20,19,26)
/* 操作符 */
$query->where([">","id",10]); //id > 10
$query->where(["<","id",10]); //id < 10
$query->where(["<>","id",10]); //id <> 10
$query->where(["in","id",[10,12]]); //id in (10,20)
$query->where(["not in","id",[10,12]]); //id not in (10,20)
$query->where(["and","id=1","id=2"]); id=1 AND id=2
$query->where(['or', ['type' => [7, 8, 9]], ['id' => [1, 2, 3]]]); //(type IN (7, 8, 9) OR (id IN (1, 2, 3)))
$query->where(["between", 'id', 1, 10]); //id between 1 AND 10
$query->where(["not",["id"=>5]]); //not (id=5)
$query->where(["not between","id",1,10]); //id not between 1 AND 10
$query->where(["like","username","abei"]); //username like "%abei%"
$query->where([['like', 'username', ['abei', 'liuhuan']]]); //username like "%abei%" AND username like "%liuhuan%"
$query->where(['like', 'username', '%abei', false]); //username like "%abei"
$query->where(["or like", 'username', ['abei', 'liuhuan']]); //username like "%abei%" OR username like "%liuhuan%"，只作用于范围为数组的形式
$query->where(["not like",xxxxx]); //与like用法一致
$query->where(["or not like",xxx]) //与not like用法一致一个要单独说明的exists
/* EXISTS用于检查子查询是否至少会返回一行数据，该子查询实际上并不返回任何数据，而是返回值True或False */
$query->where(['exists', (new Query())->select('id')->from('user')->where(['id' => 1])]);ORDER BY 方法
$query->orderBy("id DESC");
$query->orderBy(["id"=>SORT_DESC]);
$query->orderBy(["id"=>SORT_DESC,'create_time'=>SORT_ASC]);GROUP BY && HAVING
$query->groupBy(["username"]);
$query->groupBy(["id"])->having([">",'id',20]);获取生成的SQL语句
$query->createCommand()->sql;获取所有结果
$query->all(); //二维数组获取一条记录
$query->one();检查一个数据库中是否含有某个表
(new \yii\db\Query)->from('user')->exists();获取count
$query->count();获取一个值
$query->scalar();获取一列值
$query->column(); //一维数组获取一个user表的内容
$query = new \yii\db\Query;
$query->from("user");
$query->select(["fname"=>"username"]);
$query->where([">",'id',10]);
$query->all();参考：
[1] http://www.yiiframework.com/doc-2.0/guide-index.html
[2] http://nai8.me/tool-sc.html