Unity 使用快速教程

Unity是微软在CodePlex上的一个开源项目，可用于依赖注入、控制反转，类似Spring，下面是使用示例：

1.先来定义几个接口、类

1 namespace UnityTest

2 {

3     public interface IRun

4     {

5         void Run();

6     }

7 }

View Code : IRun

1 namespace UnityTest

2 {

3     public class Pet

4     {

5         public string Name { set; get; }

6     }

7 }

View Code : Pet

 1 using System;

 2 

 3 namespace UnityTest

 4 {

 5     public class Cat : Pet, IRun

 6     {

 7         public void Run()

 8         {

 9             Console.WriteLine("A cat is runing...");

10         }

11     }

12 }

View Code : Cat

 1 using System;

 2 

 3 namespace UnityTest

 4 {

 5     public class Dog : Pet, IRun

 6     {

 7         public void Run()

 8         {

 9             Console.WriteLine("A dog is runing...");

10         }

11     }

12 }

View Code : Dog

 1 namespace UnityTest.Model

 2 {

 3     public class Person

 4     {

 5         IRun iRun;

 6 

 7         public Person(IRun iRun)

 8         {

 9             this.iRun = iRun;

10         }

11 

12         public void HiWeGo()

13         {

14             iRun.Run();

15         }

16     }

17 }

View Code :Person

 2、创建对象实例

 1 using System;

 2 using System.Web.Script.Serialization;

 3 using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;

 4 

 5 namespace UnityTest

 6 {

 7     class Program

 8     {       

 9         static void Main(string[] args)

10         {

11             var container = new UnityContainer();           

12             container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>(); //注册类型，并将IRun映射到Dog

13             var dog1 = container.Resolve<IRun>(); //创建一个IRun实例，实际上就是Dog

14             (dog1 as Dog).Name = "buddy";

15             Console.WriteLine("a dog is born，his name is \"{0}\"", (dog1 as Dog).Name); //a dog is born，his name is "buddy"

16             Console.Read();

17         }

18     }   

19 }

View Code

 3、使用标识符

当IRun同时有多个实例类要注入时，如果没有标识来区别，创建出来的实例“类型”就没办法显示指定。

1             var container = new UnityContainer();

2             container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>()

3                     .RegisterType<IRun, Cat>();

4             var run = container.Resolve<IRun>();//这里的run实例，是cat，还是dog ?

5             Console.Write(run.ToString());//UnityTest.Cat

View Code

1             var container = new UnityContainer();

2             container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>("dogType")

3                     .RegisterType<IRun, Cat>("catType");

4             var run = container.Resolve<IRun>("dogType");//明确指示，我要一个dog

5             Console.Write(run.ToString());//UnityTest.Dog

View Code

 4、创建单例

 1             var container = new UnityContainer();

 2             container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>("dogTypeSingle", new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager())//dogTypeSingle为单例模式

 3                     .RegisterType<IRun, Dog>("dogType");

 4 

 5             var dog1 = container.Resolve<IRun>("dogTypeSingle");

 6             var dog2 = container.Resolve<IRun>("dogTypeSingle");

 7 

 8             Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(dog1, dog2));//True

 9             Console.WriteLine(dog1.GetHashCode() == dog2.GetHashCode());//True 说明dog1与dog2是同一个对象

10 

11             var dog3 = container.Resolve<IRun>("dogType");

12             var dog4 = container.Resolve<IRun>("dogType");

13             Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(dog3, dog4));//False

14             Console.WriteLine(dog3.GetHashCode() == dog4.GetHashCode());//False 说明dog3与dog4是不同的对象

View Code ：Singleton

 5、依赖注入

构造器自动注入

1             var container = new UnityContainer();

2             container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>();

3             var personWithDog = container.Resolve<Person>();

4             personWithDog.HiWeGo();//A dog is runing...

View Code

 构造器也可以结合标识符显示注入

 1             var container = new UnityContainer();

 2             container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>("dog")

 3                 .RegisterType<IRun, Cat>("cat")

 4                 .RegisterType<Person, Person>("PersonWithDog", new InjectionConstructor(container.Resolve<IRun>("dog")))

 5                 .RegisterType<Person, Person>("PersonWithCat", new InjectionConstructor(container.Resolve<IRun>("cat")));

 6 

 7             var personWithDog = container.Resolve<Person>("PersonWithDog");

 8             personWithDog.HiWeGo();//A dog is runing...

 9             var personWithCat = container.Resolve<Person>("PersonWithCat");

10             personWithCat.HiWeGo();//A cat is runing...

11             Console.Read();

View Code

 使用InjectionConstructor特性注入

为了演示[InjectionConstructor]特性，先改造一下Person类

 1 using System.Collections.Generic;

 2 using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;

 3 namespace UnityTest

 4 {

 5     public class Person

 6     {

 7         private List<IRun> pets;

 8 

 9         public Person()

10         {

11             pets = new List<IRun>();

12         }

13 

14         [InjectionConstructor]

15         public Person(IRun iRun):this()

16         {

17             pets.Add(iRun);

18         }

19        

20         public Person(IRun iRun1,IRun iRun2):this()

21         {

22             pets.Add(iRun1);

23             pets.Add(iRun2);

24         }

25 

26 

27         public void HiWeGo()

28         {

29             foreach (var pet in pets)

30             {

31                 pet.Run();

32             }

33         }

34     }

35 }

View Code

测试一下：

 1             var container = new UnityContainer();

 2 

 3             container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>("dog") //注册一个带标识的dog类型

 4                 .RegisterType<IRun, Cat>("cat") //注册一个带标识的cat类型

 5                 .RegisterType<IRun, Dog>() //不指定标识，即默认IRun的实例为dog

 6                 .RegisterType<Person, Person>("PersonWithDogAndCat",

 7                     new InjectionConstructor(

 8                         container.Resolve<IRun>("dog"),

 9                         container.Resolve<IRun>("cat")

10                     )//显示将二个参数的构造方法注册到容器中

11                 );

12 

13 

14             var person = container.Resolve<Person>();//自动调用有InjectionConstructor标记的构造方法

15             person.HiWeGo();//A dog is runing...

16 

17 

18             Console.WriteLine("---------------");

19 

20             var personWithDogAndCat = container.Resolve<Person>("PersonWithDogAndCat");//显式调用在容器中注册过的构造方法

21             personWithDogAndCat.HiWeGo();

22             //A dog is runing...

23             //A cat is runing...

24 

25             Console.Read();

View Code

 未完待续...