使用C语言实现三子棋 ———详解

首先简单介绍一下三子棋的规则:在九宫格棋盘上,那一方三个棋子连成一线即判定内一方胜利(连成一线指:一行或一列或对角线)。
我们使用多文件编程,多文件编程便于修改和维护代码,便于复用代码
头文件:game.h //包含函数各种声明,宏定义
源文件:test.c //主要负责测试整个代码
源文件:game.c //包含各种函数的定义

代码实现
1.首先打印出菜单选项

void   menu()
{
 printf("**********************************\n");
 printf("**********************************\n");
 printf("*****     0.play     *************\n");
 printf("*****     1.exit     *************\n");
 printf("**********************************\n");
}         
//然后在主函数中调用menu菜单函数
menu();
 do
 {
  printf("请输入要选的的选项: ");
  scanf("%d",&input);
  switch (input)
  {
  case 0:
    game();
    break; 
  case 1:
    printf("退出游戏");
    break;
  default:
   printf("请输入要选的选项:\n");
   break;
  }
 } while (input);

2.创建一个二维数组board用来储存三子棋的元素首先对其初始化

void Initboard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
 //memset(&board[0][0], ' ', row*col * sizeof(board[0][0])); //也可以使用函数对数组进行初始化
//memset() 库函数,头文件为 #include , 参数分别为,首地址,需要设置的字符,需要设置的字符个数
int i = 0;
 int j = 0;
 for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
 {
  for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
  {
   board[i][j] = ' ';
  }
 }
}

3.创建Displayboard函数打印九宫格棋盘

void Displayboard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)    //打印棋盘
{
 int i;
 int j;
 for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
 {
  for (j = 0; j < col ; j++)
  {
   printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
   if (j == col - 1)
    continue;
   printf("|");
  }
  printf("\n");
  if (i < row - 1)
   printf("-----------\n");
 }
}

4.玩家和电脑落子,使用Playermove和Computermove函数来对board数组进行更改,模拟落子情况
此处考虑到玩家输入的坐标一般为 1至3 所以将判断条件改为 x>=1 y>=1 ,但是在下个判断条件要将x y坐标减一

void Playermove(char board[ROW][COL])    //玩家输入坐标
{
 while (1)
 {
  int x = 0;
  int y = 0;
  printf("请玩家输入坐标");
  scanf_s("%d %d", &x, &y);
  if (x <= ROW && x >= 1 && y <= COL && y >= 1)    //判断输入的坐标是否越界

  {
   if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')                //输入的坐标必须为空才可以落子
   {
    board[x - 1][y - 1] = '*';
    break;
   }
   else
    printf("坐标被占用,请重新输入\n");
  }
  else
   printf("坐标有误,请重新输入\n");
  }
 }
 void Computermove(char board[ROW][COL])    //电脑输入坐标
{
 int x = 0;
 int y = 0;
 while (1)
 {
  x = rand() % 3; 		    //使用rand函数生成随机数并取余得到电脑落子坐标
  y = rand() % 3;
  if (board[x][y] == ' ')
  {
   printf("电脑输入坐标%d %d\n", x+1, y+1);
   board[x][y] = '#';
   break;                    //打印后跳出循环
  }
 }
}

5.玩家和电脑每落一次子,就要进行一次判断是否获胜,使用Iswin函数判断是否获胜
根据返回值来进行判断游戏结果(此处定义为 1为玩家获胜 0为电脑获胜 2为平局(返回值可以任意更改))

int Iswin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)      //判断谁获胜
{
 int i;
 int j;
 //1为玩家获胜          0为电脑获胜       2为平局
 for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
 {
  if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] == '*')        //判断同一行是否相等
   return  1;     
  else if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] == '#')
   return 0;
 }
 for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
 {
  if (board[0][j] == board[1][j] && board[1][j] == board[2][j] && board[1][j] == '*')      //判断同一列是否相等
   return 1;
  else if (board[0][j] == board[1][j] && board[1][j] == board[2][j] && board[1][j] == '#')
   return 0;
 }
 if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] == '*')   //判断左对角线是否相等
  return 1;
 else if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] == '#')
  return 0;
 if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] == '*')   //判断右对角线是否相等
  return 1;
 else if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] == '#')
  return 0;
 if (Full(board, ROW, COL))   //判断是否平局
  return 2;
 return 3;                           //返回3为继续进行游戏
}

下面上源代码
test.c //测试整个代码

# define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include"game.h"
void   menu()
{
 printf("**********************************\n");
 printf("**********************************\n");
 printf("*****     0.play     *************\n");
 printf("*****     1.exit     *************\n");
 printf("**********************************\n");
}
void game()
{
 char board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };
 int ret;
 Initboard(board, ROW, COL);   //用Initboard函数初始化数组,并用‘ ’初始化数组
 printf("游戏开始\n");
 while (1)
 {
  Playermove(board);   //玩家输入坐标
  Displayboard(board, ROW, COL);
  ret = Iswin(board, ROW, COL);   //判断是否获胜
  if (ret == 1)
  {
   printf("玩家获胜");
   break;
  }
  else if (ret == 0)
  {
   printf("电脑获胜");
   break;
  }
  else if (ret == 2)
  {
   printf("平局");
   break;
  }
  printf("\n\n");
  Computer(board);  //电脑输入坐标
  Displayboard(board, ROW, COL);
  ret = Iswin(board, ROW, COL);   //判断是否获胜
  if (ret == 1)
  {
   printf("玩家获胜");
   break;
  }
  else if (ret == 0)
  {
   printf("电脑获胜");
   break;
  }
  else if (ret == 2)
  {
   printf("平局");
   break;
  }
  printf("\n\n");
 }
}
int main()
{
 int input = 0;
 srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
 menu();
 do
 {
  printf("请输入要选的的选项: ");
  scanf("%d",&input);
  switch (input)
  {
  case 0:
    game();
    break; 
  case 1:
    printf("退出游戏");
    break;
  default:
   printf("请输入要选的选项:\n");
   break;
  }
 } while (input);
}

game.c //函数的定义实现

#include"game.h"
void Initboard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
 //memset(&board[0][0], ' ', row*col * sizeof(board[0][0]));
 int i = 0;
 int j = 0;
 for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
 {
  for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
  {
   board[i][j] = ' ';
  }
 }
}

void Displayboard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)    //打印棋盘
{
 int i;
 int j;
 for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
 {
  for (j = 0; j < col ; j++)
  {
   printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
   if (j == col - 1)
    continue;
   printf("|");
  }
  printf("\n");
  if (i < row - 1)
   printf("-----------\n");
 }
}

void Playermove(char board[ROW][COL])    //玩家输入坐标
{
 while (1)
 {
  int x = 0;
  int y = 0;
  printf("请玩家输入坐标");
  scanf_s("%d %d", &x, &y);
  if (x <= ROW && x >= 1 && y <= COL && y >= 1)
  {
   if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
   {
    board[x - 1][y - 1] = '*';
    break;
   }
   else
    printf("坐标被占用,请重新输入\n");
  }
  else
   printf("坐标有误,请重新输入\n");
 }
}

void Computer(char board[ROW][COL])    //电脑输入坐标
{
 int x = 0;
 int y = 0;
 while (1)
 {
  x = rand() % 3;
  y = rand() % 3;
  if (board[x][y] == ' ')
  {
   printf("电脑输入坐标%d %d\n", x+1, y+1);
   board[x][y] = '#';
   break;                    //打印后跳出循环
  }
 }
}

int Iswin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)      //判断谁获胜
{
 int i;
 int j;
 //1为玩家获胜          0为电脑获胜       2为平局
 for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
 {
  if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] == '*')        //判断同一行是否相等
   return  1;     
  else if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] == '#')
   return 0;
 }
 for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
 {
  if (board[0][j] == board[1][j] && board[1][j] == board[2][j] && board[1][j] == '*')      //判断同一列是否相等
   return 1;
  else if (board[0][j] == board[1][j] && board[1][j] == board[2][j] && board[1][j] == '#')
   return 0;
 }
 if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] == '*')   //判断左对角线是否相等
  return 1;
 else if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] == '#')
  return 0;
 if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] == '*')   //判断右对角线是否相等
  return 1;
 else if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] == '#')
  return 0;
 if (Full(board, ROW, COL))   //判断是否平局
  return 2;
 return 3;                           //返回3为继续进行游戏
}

int Full(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)   //判断棋盘是否下满
{
 int i;
 int j;
 for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
 {
  for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
  {
   if (board[i][j] == ' ')
    return 0;     //此时棋盘未满
  }
 }
 return 1;        //此时棋盘已满
}

game.h //函数声明和宏定义

#include
#include
#include
#include

#define ROW 3
#define COL 3

void Initboard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
void Displayboard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
void Playermove(char board[ROW][COL]);
void Computer(char board[ROW][COL]);
int Iswin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
int Full(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);

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