ArrayList简介
ArrayList是按照插入顺序来保存元素的(包含null),可以利用下标来查找值。它的优点是按照下标访问元素的速度非常快,它的缺点是元素插入和删除的速度非常慢,添加n个元素需要O(n)时间,ArrayList是非线程同步的。
源码解析
/**
* Default initial capacity.
* 默认初始容量。
*/
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
/**
* Shared empty array instance used for empty instances.
* 用于空实例的共享空数组实例。
*/
private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
/**
* Shared empty array instance used for default sized empty instances. We
* distinguish this from EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA to know how much to inflate when
*
*用于默认大小的空实例的共享空数组实例。 我们将此与EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA区分开来,以便在添加第一个元素时知道要扩充多少。
*/
private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
/**
* The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.
* The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any
* empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
* will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.
* 存储ArrayList元素的数组缓冲区。ArrayList的容量是此数组缓冲区的长度。 添加第一个元素时,任何带有elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA的空ArrayList都将扩展为DEFAULT_CAPACITY。
*/
transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access
/**
* The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains).
* ArrayList的大小(它包含的元素数)。
*
* @serial
*/
private int size;
/**
* The maximum size of array to allocate.
* Some VMs reserve some header words in an array.
* Attempts to allocate larger arrays may result in
* OutOfMemoryError: Requested array size exceeds VM limit
*
* 要分配的最大数组大小。 一些VM在阵列中保留一些标题字。
*尝试分配更大的数组可能会导致OutOfMemoryError:请求的数组大小超过VM限制
*
*/
private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
/**
* Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity.
*
* 构造具有指定初始容量的空列表。
* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the list
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity
* is negative
*/
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
if (initialCapacity > 0) {
this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
} else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
initialCapacity);
}
}
/**
* Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten.
* 构造一个初始容量为10的空列表。
*/
public ArrayList() {
this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
/**
* Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified
* collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's
* iterator.
*
* 按照集合的迭代器返回的顺序构造一个包含指定集合元素的列表。
* @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
*/
public ArrayList(Collection extends E> c) {
elementData = c.toArray();
if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {
// c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
} else {
// replace with empty array.
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
}
public E get(int index) {
rangeCheck(index);//检查index是否合法,index不能>size
return elementData(index);
}
E elementData(int index) {
//elementData数据是ArrayList实际存放数据的地方
return (E) elementData[index];
}
public E set(int index, E element) {
rangeCheck(index);//检测index是否合法,index不能>size
E oldValue = elementData(index);
elementData[index] = element;
return oldValue;
}
public boolean add(E e) {
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
//判断列表是否为空,如果为空则将列表的默认容量设置为10
//如果列表为空的话,size = 0,那么minCapacity = size+1 = 1
if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
}
ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
}
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
modCount++;//操作次数+1
// overflow-conscious code
//数据溢出意识
//如果minCapacity = size+1 大于elementData.length(数组本身的长度)
if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
grow(minCapacity);
}
/*
*增加容量以确保它至少可以容纳由minimum capacity参数指定的元素数。
* ArrayList列表容量扩充是在grow方法中,扩充的方式为原来数据长度的1.5倍
*/
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
//新的数据长度,扩充至原来的1.5倍
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
public void add(int index, E element) {
rangeCheckForAdd(index);//检测index是否合法,index不能大于size或小于0
// Increments modCount!! 设置列表的容量
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);
/*
* elementData 源数组
* index 在源数组中的起始位置
* elementData 目标数组
* index + 1 在目标数组中的起始位置
* size - index 要复制的数组元素的数量
*/
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,size - index);
elementData[index] = element;
size++; //列表的大小+1
}
public E remove(int index) {
rangeCheck(index);//index不能>=size
modCount++;
E oldValue = elementData(index);
//numMoved得到的结果是数组中需要移动数据的数量
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
//如果numMoved大于0,表示remove的元素在列表中间,如果numMoved等于0,表示remove的元素在列表末尾(不明白的可以自己画图)
if (numMoved > 0)
//将index后的元素整体左移一位
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved);
//由于index后的元素整体左移一位或者只remove了最后一个元素,需要将最后一个元素设置为空
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
return oldValue;
}
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (elementData[index] == null) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
} else {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
//fastRemove中删除数据的方式和remove(int index)方法中删除数据的方式一样
private void fastRemove(int index) {
modCount++;
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
}
public void clear() {
modCount++;
// clear to let GC do its work
//通过遍历的方式将每一个元素都设置为null
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
elementData[i] = null;
size = 0;
}
public boolean addAll(Collection extends E> c) {
Object[] a = c.toArray();
int numNew = a.length;
ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount
System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew);
size += numNew;
return numNew != 0;
}
public boolean addAll(int index, Collection extends E> c) {
rangeCheckForAdd(index);
Object[] a = c.toArray();
int numNew = a.length;
ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount
int numMoved = size - index;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew, numMoved);
System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew);
size += numNew;
return numNew != 0;
}
public boolean removeAll(Collection> c) {
Objects.requireNonNull(c);
return batchRemove(c, false);
}
private boolean batchRemove(Collection> c, boolean complement) {
final Object[] elementData = this.elementData;
int r = 0, w = 0;
boolean modified = false;
try {
for (; r < size; r++)
if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement)
elementData[w++] = elementData[r];
} finally {
// Preserve behavioral compatibility with AbstractCollection,
// even if c.contains() throws.
if (r != size) {
System.arraycopy(elementData, r,
elementData, w,
size - r);
w += size - r;
}
if (w != size) {
// clear to let GC do its work
for (int i = w; i < size; i++)
elementData[i] = null;
modCount += size - w;
size = w;
modified = true;
}
}
return modified;
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void sort(Comparator super E> c) {
final int expectedModCount = modCount;
Arrays.sort((E[]) elementData, 0, size, c);
//防止在排序过程中,其他线程对数组有操作
if (modCount != expectedModCount) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
modCount++;
}
这里只给出了常用方法的分析。如有错误之处,请留言指出。