Python 读取写入配置文件很方便,可使用内置的 configparser 模块;可查看源码,如博主本机地址: “C:/python27/lib/configparser.py”
Configuration file parser.
A setup file consists of sections, lead by a "[section]" header,
and followed by "name: value" entries, with continuations and such in
the style of RFC 822.
该模块支持读取类似如上格式的配置文件,如 windows 下的 .conf 及 .ini 文件等。
本章节使用如下的配置文件作为示例,可在 D 盘下新建 Pyhton_config 文件夹,创建两个文件 test.config 及 test.ini 内容及示例截图如下:
1 [db] 2 db_port = 3306 3 db_user = root 4 db_host = 127.0.0.1 5 db_pass = xgmtest 6 7 [concurrent] 8 processor = 20 9 thread = 10
本章节就基础读取及写入配置文件进行具体的说明。
1 # !/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 4 import ConfigParser 5 import os 6 7 os.chdir("D:\\Python_config") 8 9 cf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser() 10 11 # cf.read("test.ini") 12 cf.read("test.conf") 13 14 #return all section 15 secs = cf.sections() 16 print 'sections:', secs, type(secs) 17 opts = cf.options("db") 18 print 'options:', opts, type(opts) 19 kvs = cf.items("db") 20 print 'db:', kvs 21 22 #read by type 23 db_host = cf.get("db", "db_host") 24 db_port = cf.getint("db", "db_port") 25 db_user = cf.get("db", "db_user") 26 db_pass = cf.get("db", "db_pass") 27 28 #read int 29 threads = cf.getint("concurrent", "thread") 30 processors = cf.getint("concurrent", "processor") 31 print "db_host:", db_host 32 print "db_port:", db_port 33 print "db_user:", db_user 34 print "db_pass:", db_pass 35 print "thread:", threads 36 print "processor:", processors
示例代码详见上方,解析如下:
需要实例化为 ConfigParser 对象 cf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser() ;读取文件 cf.read("test.conf")
secs = cf.sections() 获取sections,返回list
opts = cf.options("db") 获取db section下的 options,返回list
kvs = cf.items("db") 获取db section 下的所有键值对,返回list 如下,每个list元素为键值对元组
通常情况下,我们已知 section 及 option,需取出对应值,读取方式如下:
#read by type db_host = cf.get("db", "db_host") db_port = cf.getint("db", "db_port") db_user = cf.get("db", "db_user") db_pass = cf.get("db", "db_pass")
cf.get(...) 返回的会是 str 类型, getint 则返回int类型
1 import ConfigParser 2 import os 3 4 os.chdir("D:\\Python_config") 5 6 cf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser() 7 8 cf.add_section("test") 9 cf.set("test", "count", 1) 10 cf.add_section("test1") 11 cf.set("test1", "name", "aaa") 12 13 #modify one value and write to file 14 with open("test2.ini","w+") as f: 15 cf.write(f)
需要配合文件读写函数来写入文件,示例代码如下
1 import ConfigParser 2 import os 3 4 os.chdir("D:\\Python_config") 5 6 cf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser() 7 8 # add section / set option & key 9 cf.add_section("test") 10 cf.set("test", "count", 1) 11 cf.add_section("test1") 12 cf.set("test1", "name", "aaa") 13 14 # write to file 15 with open("test2.ini","w+") as f: 16 cf.write(f)
写入的文件如:
修改类似写入,注意一定要 read 原文件!
1 import ConfigParser 2 import os 3 4 os.chdir("D:\\Python_config") 5 6 cf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser() 7 8 # modify cf, be sure to read! 9 cf.read("test2.ini") 10 cf.set("test", "count", 2) # set to modify 11 cf.remove_option("test1", "name") 12 13 # write to file 14 with open("test2.ini","w+") as f: 15 cf.write(f)
上述代码执行后: [test] 下 count 的值为2; [test1] 下的 name 键值被删除,若需要删除整个 [test1] section,使用 cf.remove_section("test1")