“AS3.0高级动画编程”学习:第三章等角投影(下)

上一篇的最后,我们成功的用“等角投影”模拟出了立体空间的盒子模型,但是很快你就会发现这个示例的bug

“AS3.0高级动画编程”学习:第三章等角投影(下)

bug1:在已经有box的地方,再点击,将会重复创建box新实例。

bug2:后面添加的box,会挡住前面添加的box。

bug3:在边缘部分,如果用鼠标小心的点击,可以创建出很多超出world范围之外的盒子(即:看起来好象挂出去了)

我们按轻重缓急来处理吧:

bug2最严重,它直接影响了最终的3D视觉效果。产生它的原因是显示列表中,后添加的物体,其index值会比 前面添加物体的index值 要大,所以就挡住了前面的box。

仔细看一下IsoObject类

public function get depth():Number {

	return (_position.x + _position.z) * .866 - _position.y * .707;

}

其实这里已经预留了“深度”属性,根据这个对所有的box进行depth属性排序即可。另外为了实现排序,我们应该把所有box类实例存放到一个数组里,这样才能利用Array的SortOn方法。(代码会在后面一起给出)

 

再来看bug1,重复创建的问题,这个解决起来比较容易:在创建box前,先检查对应的位置是否已经有box了,如果有,就不用处理了,这样就把问题转化为Point3D的坐标位置比较,所以我们得在Point3D中添加一个判断是否相等的方法

package {

	public class Point3D {

		public var x:Number;

		public var y:Number;

		public var z:Number;

		

		public function Point3D(x:Number=0,y:Number=0,z:Number=0) {

			this.x=x;

			this.y=y;

			this.z=z;

		}

		

		public function toString():String{

			return "x=" + this.x + ",y=" + this.y  + ",z=" + this.z;

		}

		

		//判断二个Point3D是否相等

		public function equal(p:Point3D):Boolean{

			return this.x==p.x&&this.y==p.y&&this.z==p.z;

		}

	}

}

注:as3不象c#那样有操作符重载,所以只能显式定义equal方法

 最后来处理bug3,即box实例超出地图范围之外的问题(产生这个问题的根源就是as3.0的事件冒泡机制,在box实例上点击时,world会响应Click事件)

“AS3.0高级动画编程”学习:第三章等角投影(下)

如上图,很明显:地图是有边界的,如果盒子超出地图的范围,其x,z坐标肯定也会大于某一个阈值,所以在创建box实例前对坐标检测就能处理了.

完整代码:

package{

	

	import flash.display.Sprite;

	import flash.display.StageAlign;

	import flash.display.StageScaleMode;

	import flash.events.Event;

	import flash.events.MouseEvent;

	import flash.geom.Point;

	

	[SWF(backgroundColor=0xffffff,height="400",width='600')]

	public class DepthTest extends Sprite

	{

		private var floor:Sprite;

		private var world:Sprite;

		private var objectList:Array;

		private var rows:uint=15;//列数

		private var cols:uint=10;//行数

		private var cellSize:uint=20;//单元格大小

		

	

		

		public function DepthTest()

		{

			stage.align = StageAlign.TOP_LEFT;

			stage.scaleMode = StageScaleMode.NO_SCALE;

			floor = new Sprite();

			world = new Sprite();					

			

			addChild(floor);

			addChild(world);

			sizeInit();

			

			objectList = new Array();

			

			for(var i:int = 0; i < cols; i++)

			{

				for(var j:int = 0; j < rows; j++)

				{

					var tile:DrawnIsoTile = new DrawnIsoTile(cellSize, 0xcccccc);

					tile.position = new Point3D(i * cellSize, 0, j * cellSize);					

					floor.addChild(tile);					

				}

			}			

			stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, onWorldClick);			

			stage.addEventListener(Event.RESIZE,resizeHandler);

			

			

		}

		

		private function sizeInit():void{

			floor.x = stage.stageWidth / 2 + 50;

			floor.y = 100;	

			world.x = floor.x;

			world.y = floor.y;			

		}

		

		private function resizeHandler(e:Event):void{			

			sizeInit();		

		}

		

		private function onWorldClick(event:MouseEvent):void

		{			

			var pos:Point3D = IsoUtils.screenToIso(new Point(world.mouseX, world.mouseY));

			pos.x = Math.round(pos.x / cellSize) * cellSize;

			pos.y = Math.round(pos.y / cellSize) * cellSize;

			pos.z = Math.round(pos.z / cellSize) * cellSize;

			trace(pos.toString());

			

			//检测box的位置是否挂出去了+重复创建检测

			if (pos.x<0 || pos.x>(cols-1)*cellSize || pos.z<0 || pos.z>(rows-1)*cellSize || boxExist(pos)){

				return;

			}			

			var box:DrawnIsoBox = new DrawnIsoBox(cellSize, Math.random() *0xffffff, cellSize);			

			box.position = pos;			

			world.addChild(box);

			objectList.push(box);

			sortList();			

		}

		

		//深度排序

		private function sortList():void

		{

			objectList.sortOn("depth", Array.NUMERIC); 

			for(var i:int = 0; i < objectList.length; i++)

			{				

				world.setChildIndex(objectList[i], i);

			}

		}

		

		//检测指定的位置是否已经有box了

		private function boxExist(p:Point3D):Boolean{

			for(var i:int = 0; i < objectList.length; i++)

			{		

				var b:* = objectList[i];				

				if (b is DrawnIsoBox ){					

					if (b.position.equal(p)){						

						return true;						

					}

				}

			}

			return false;

		}

	}

}

 

设置行数,列数,画地板,添加子元素时的种种处理(深度排序,位置检查...)这一堆东东,以后会经常用到的,为了方便起见,干脆封装起来吧,另外:我们的as文件越来越多了,为了保持清晰的结构,把这些等角投影所用的基类新建一个iso的包来管理吧,结构如下图:

“AS3.0高级动画编程”学习:第三章等角投影(下)

IsoWorld封装类:

package iso 

{

	import flash.display.Sprite;

	import flash.geom.Rectangle;



	public class IsoWorld extends Sprite

	{

		private var _floor:Sprite;

		private var _objects:Array;

		private var _world:Sprite;

		private var _cols:uint=10;

		private var _rows:uint=10;

		private var _cellSize:uint=20;

		

		

		public function IsoWorld(cols:uint=10,rows:uint=10,cellSize:uint=20)

		{

			this._cols = cols;

			this._rows = rows;

			this._cellSize = cellSize;

			

			_floor = new Sprite();

			addChild(_floor);

			_world = new Sprite();

			addChild(_world);

			_objects = new Array();

		}

		

		public function set cellSize(v:uint):void{

			this._cellSize = v;

		}

		

		public function get cellSize():uint{

			return this._cellSize;

		}

		

		public function set rows(v:uint):void{

			this._rows = v;

		}

		

		public function get rows():uint{

			return this._rows;

		}

		

		public function set cols(v:uint):void{

			this._cols = v;

		}

		

		public function get cols():uint{

			return this._cols;

		}

		

		public function addChildToWorld(child:IsoObject):void

		{

			//检测box的位置是否挂出去了+重复创建检测

			if (child.position.x<0 || child.position.x>(_cols-1)*_cellSize || child.position.z<0 || child.position.z>(_rows-1)*_cellSize || childPosExist(child.position)){

				return;

			}

			

			_world.addChild(child);

			_objects.push(child);

			sort();

		}

		

		public function addChildToFloor(child:IsoObject):void

		{

			_floor.addChild(child);

		}

		

		public function sort():void

		{

			_objects.sortOn("depth", Array.NUMERIC);

			for(var i:int = 0; i < _objects.length; i++)

			{

				_world.setChildIndex(_objects[i], i);

			}

		}

		

		

		private function childPosExist(p:Point3D):Boolean{

			for(var i:int = 0; i < _objects.length; i++)

			{		

				var b:* = _objects[i];				

				if (b is IsoObject ){					

					if (b.position.equal(p)){						

						return true;						

					}

				}

			}

			return false;

		}

		

	}

}

有了这个类,刚才的示例写起来就简练多了

package

{

	import flash.display.*;

	import flash.events.*;

	import flash.geom.Point;

	import iso.*;

	

	[SWF(backgroundColor=0xffffff)]

	public class WorldTest extends Sprite

	{

		private var world:IsoWorld;

		

		public function WorldTest()

		{

			stage.align = StageAlign.TOP_LEFT;

			stage.scaleMode = StageScaleMode.NO_SCALE;

			

			world = new IsoWorld();

			sizeInit();			

			

			addChild(world);

			for(var i:int = 0; i < world.cols; i++)

			{

				for(var j:int = 0; j < world.rows; j++)

				{

					var tile:DrawnIsoTile = new DrawnIsoTile(world.cellSize, 0xcccccc);

					tile.position = new Point3D(i * world.cellSize, 0, j * world.cellSize);

					world.addChildToFloor(tile);

				}

			}

			stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, onWorldClick);

			stage.addEventListener(Event.RESIZE,resizeHandler);

		}

		

		private function sizeInit():void{

			world.x = stage.stageWidth / 2;	

			world.y = stage.stageHeight/2;

		}

		

		private function resizeHandler(e:Event):void{			

			sizeInit();		

		}

		

		private function onWorldClick(event:MouseEvent):void

		{

			var box:DrawnIsoBox = new DrawnIsoBox(world.cellSize, Math.random() * 0xffffff, world.cellSize);

			var pos:Point3D = IsoUtils.screenToIso(new Point(world.mouseX, world.mouseY));

			pos.x = Math.round(pos.x / world.cellSize) * world.cellSize;

			pos.y = Math.round(pos.y / world.cellSize) * world.cellSize;

			pos.z = Math.round(pos.z / world.cellSize) * world.cellSize;

			box.position = pos;

			world.addChildToWorld(box);

		} 

	}

}

接下来考虑一下如何在地板上移动物体:

要移动当然要有速度,先在IsoObject上添加vx,vy,vz速度属性

protected var _vx:Number = 0;

protected var _vy:Number = 0;

protected var _vz:Number = 0;

		

public function set vx(value:Number):void

{

	_vx = value;

}

public function get vx():Number

{

	return _vx;

}

		

public function set vy(value:Number):void

{

	_vy = value;

}

public function get vy():Number

{

	return _vy;

}



public function set vz(value:Number):void

{

	_vz = value;

}

public function get vz():Number

{

	return _vz;

}

测试一下用键盘控制移动

package

{	

	import flash.display.*;

	import flash.events.*;

	import flash.ui.Keyboard;

	import iso.*;

	

	[SWF(backgroundColor=0xffffff,height=260,width=460)]

	public class MotionTest extends Sprite

	{

		private var world:IsoWorld;

		private var box:DrawnIsoBox;

		private var speed:Number = 10;

		public function MotionTest()

		{

			stage.align = StageAlign.TOP_LEFT;

			stage.scaleMode = StageScaleMode.NO_SCALE;

			world = new IsoWorld();

			sizeInit();

			addChild(world);

			for(var i:int = 0; i < world.cols; i++)

			{

				for(var j:int = 0; j < world.rows; j++)

				{

					var tile:DrawnIsoTile = new DrawnIsoTile(world.cellSize, 0xcccccc);

					tile.position = new Point3D(i * world.cellSize, 0, j * world.cellSize);

					world.addChildToFloor(tile);

				}

			}

			box = new DrawnIsoBox(world.cellSize, 0xff0000, world.cellSize);

			//把box摆在world中央

			box.x = world.cellSize*Math.round(world.cols/2);

			box.z = world.cellSize*Math.round(world.rows/2);

			world.addChildToWorld(box);

			stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_DOWN, onKeyDown);

			stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_UP, onKeyUp);

			stage.addEventListener(Event.RESIZE,resizeHandler);

		}

		

		private function sizeInit():void{

			world.x = stage.stageWidth / 2;	

			world.y = 50;

		}

		

		

		private function resizeHandler(e:Event):void{			

			sizeInit();		

		}

		

		private function onKeyDown(event:KeyboardEvent):void

		{ 

			switch(event.keyCode)

			{

				case Keyboard.UP :

					box.vx = -speed;

					break;

				case Keyboard.DOWN :

					box.vx = speed;

					break;

				case Keyboard.LEFT :

					box.vz = speed;

					break;

				case Keyboard.RIGHT :

					box.vz = -speed;

					break;

				case Keyboard.END:					

					box.vy = -speed;

					break;

				case Keyboard.HOME:					

					box.vy = speed;

					break;

				default :

					break;

			}

			addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, onEnterFrame);

		}

		

		private function onKeyUp(event:KeyboardEvent):void

		{

			box.vx = 0;

			box.vz = 0;

			box.vy = 0;

			removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, onEnterFrame);

		}

		

		private function onEnterFrame(event:Event):void

		{

			box.x += box.vx;			

			box.z += box.vz;	

			box.y += box.vy;

			if (box.x<0){

				box.x =0;

			}

			else if(box.x>world.cellSize*(world.cols-1)){

				box.x = world.cellSize*(world.cols-1);

			}

			

			if (box.z<0){

				box.z =0;

			}

			else if(box.z>world.cellSize*(world.rows-1)){

				box.z = world.cellSize*(world.rows-1);

			}			

		}

	}

}

用上下左右及Home/End键可以控制box的移动,这里注意的是:虽然等角世界中的3D坐标系仍然是右手坐标系(参见3D基础),但整个坐标系做了旋转,y轴是垂直向上的,所以vy为负值时,物体将向上运动,反之向下,另外这个示例还展示了如何在等角空间中做边界检测。下面这个是该示例的升级版(加入了重力,反弹,摩擦力等因素)。

package

{

	import iso.*;

	import flash.display.*;

	import flash.events.*;

	import flash.filters.BlurFilter;

	

	[SWF(backgroundColor=0xffffff,height=300,width=420)]

	public class MotionTest2 extends Sprite

	{

		private var world:IsoWorld;

		private var box:DrawnIsoBox;

		private var shadow:DrawnIsoTile;

		private var gravity:Number = 2;

		private var friction:Number = 0.95;

		private var bounce:Number = -0.9;

		private var filter:BlurFilter;

		public function MotionTest2()

		{

			stage.align = StageAlign.TOP_LEFT;

			stage.scaleMode = StageScaleMode.NO_SCALE;

			world = new IsoWorld();

			sizeInit();

			addChild(world);

			for(var i:int = 0; i < world.cols; i++)

			{

				for(var j:int = 0; j < world.rows; j++)

				{

					var tile:DrawnIsoTile = new DrawnIsoTile(20, 0xcccccc);

					tile.position = new Point3D(i * world.cellSize, 0, j * world.cellSize);

					world.addChildToFloor(tile);

				}

			}

			box = new DrawnIsoBox(world.cellSize, 0xff0000, world.cellSize);

			//把box摆在world中央

			box.x = world.cellSize*Math.round(world.cols/2);

			box.z = world.cellSize*Math.round(world.rows/2);

			world.addChildToWorld(box);

			shadow = new DrawnIsoTile(world.cellSize, 0);

			shadow.alpha = 0.5;

			world.addChildToFloor(shadow);

			filter = new BlurFilter();

			addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, onEnterFrame);

			stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, onClick);

			stage.addEventListener(Event.RESIZE,resizeHandler);

		} 

		

		

		private function sizeInit():void{

			world.x = stage.stageWidth / 2;	

			world.y = 100;

		}

		

		

		private function resizeHandler(e:Event):void{			

			sizeInit();		

		}

		

		private function onClick(event:MouseEvent):void

		{

			box.vx = Math.random() * 20 - 10;

			box.vy = -5 -Math.random() * 25;

			box.vz = Math.random() * 20 - 10;

		}

		

		private function onEnterFrame(event:Event):void

		{

			box.vy += gravity;//重力加速度

			box.x += box.vx;

			box.y += box.vy;

			box.z += box.vz;

			if(box.x > (world.cols-1)*world.cellSize)

			{

				box.x = (world.cols-1)*world.cellSize;

				box.vx *= bounce;//反弹

			}

			else if(box.x < 0)

			{

				box.x = 0;

				box.vx *= bounce;

			}

			if(box.z > (world.rows-1)*world.cellSize)

			{

				box.z = (world.rows-1)*world.cellSize;

				box.vz *= bounce;

			}

			else if(box.z < 0)

			{

				box.z = 0;

				box.vz *= bounce;

			}

			if(box.y > 0)

			{

				box.y = 0;

				box.vy *= bounce;

			}

			//摩擦力

			box.vx *= friction;

			box.vy *= friction;

			box.vz *= friction;

			//影子坐标同步

			shadow.x = box.x;

			shadow.z = box.z;

			//蚊子模糊

			filter.blurX = filter.blurY = -box.y * .25;

			shadow.filters = [filter];

		}

	}

}

用鼠标点击上面的Flash,box将随机向上弹起并落下,同时下面的阴影也会随之变化。

下一个问题:碰撞检测

把前面那个用键盘控制box移动的示例稍做修改,另外再增加一个静止不动的box

package

{

	import iso.*;

	import flash.display.*;

	import flash.events.*;

	import flash.ui.Keyboard;

	[SWF(backgroundColor=0xffffff,height=260,width=460)]

	public class CollisionTest1 extends Sprite

	{

		private var world:IsoWorld;

		private var box:DrawnIsoBox;

		private var speed:Number = 4;

		public function CollisionTest()

		{

			stage.align = StageAlign.TOP_LEFT;

			stage.scaleMode = StageScaleMode.NO_SCALE;

			world = new IsoWorld();

			sizeInit();

			addChild(world);

			for(var i:int = 0; i < world.cols; i++)

			{

				for(var j:int = 0; j < world.rows; j++)

				{

					var tile:DrawnIsoTile = new DrawnIsoTile(world.cellSize, 0xcccccc);

					tile.position = new Point3D(i * world.cellSize, 0, j * world.cellSize);

					world.addChildToFloor(tile);

				}

			}

			box = new DrawnIsoBox(world.cellSize, 0xff0000, world.cellSize);

			box.x = world.cellSize*Math.round(world.cols/2);

			box.z = world.cellSize*Math.round(world.rows/2);

			world.addChildToWorld(box);

			

			//再放一个静止的box			

			var newBox:DrawnIsoBox = new DrawnIsoBox(world.cellSize, 0xcccccc, world.cellSize);

			newBox.x = box.x + 2*world.cellSize;

			newBox.z = box.z + 2*world.cellSize;

			world.addChildToWorld(newBox);

			

			

			stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_DOWN, onKeyDown);

			stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_UP, onKeyUp);

			stage.addEventListener(Event.RESIZE,resizeHandler);

		}

		

		private function sizeInit():void{

			world.x = stage.stageWidth / 2;	

			world.y = 50;

		}

		

		

		private function resizeHandler(e:Event):void{			

			sizeInit();		

		}

		

		private function onKeyDown(event:KeyboardEvent):void

		{

			switch(event.keyCode)

			{

				case Keyboard.UP :

					box.vx = -speed;

					break; 111

				case Keyboard.DOWN :

					box.vx = speed;

					break;

				case Keyboard.LEFT :

					box.vz = speed;

					break;

				case Keyboard.RIGHT :

					box.vz = -speed;

					break;

				default :

					break;

			}

			addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, onEnterFrame);

		}

		private function onKeyUp(event:KeyboardEvent):void

		{

			box.vx = 0;

			box.vz = 0;

			removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, onEnterFrame);

		}

		

		private function onEnterFrame(event:Event):void

		{			

			box.x += box.vx;

			box.y += box.vy;

			box.z += box.vz;			

			world.sort();

		}

	}

}

用键盘控制红色的box,尽量去碰灰色不动的box,会发现红色box径直穿过灰色box,太假了。

仔细思考一下:如果红色box在移动的过程中,前方遇到了障碍物,而且这个障碍物是不可穿越的(可能有朋友会问:障碍物还有能穿越的么?确实有,比如在一些游戏中,允许角色穿墙而过),那么红色box就应该不能再前进。

让我们回过头来再看看IsoObject.as的定义,注意里面有二个属性:walkable,rect。这时候该它俩派上用场了,walkable表明该物体是否允许被穿越(默认为false),而rect用于返回该物体在等角空间中占用的矩形区域。

问题解决了:在IsoWorld中,每个物体去跟其它物体做个检测,检测二者的矩形区域是否有交集,如果有就表示碰上了,另外再看看其它物体是否允许穿越,如果不允许,则应该不能再向前运动了。

//判断obj是否能继续向前移动

public function canMove(obj:IsoObject):Boolean

{

	var rect:Rectangle = obj.rect;

	rect.offset(obj.vx, obj.vz);

	for(var i:int = 0; i < _objects.length; i++)

	{

		var objB:IsoObject = _objects[i] as IsoObject;

		if(obj != objB && !objB.walkable && rect.intersects(objB.rect))

		{

			return false;

		}

	}

	return true;

}

将这个方法加入到IsoWorld.as中即可,然后刚才碰撞示例的Enter_Frame处理函数改为:

private function onEnterFrame(event:Event):void

{	

	if (world.canMove(box)){//移动先做下检测

		box.x += box.vx;

		box.y += box.vy;

		box.z += box.vz;			

		world.sort();

	}

}

现在再试试,碰撞检测的处理应该起作用了。

如果一个游戏里都是些单调的纯色盒子,很快就会看腻味了,所以下面我们会学习如何利用图片创建更好看的box,为了使用图片,我们需要一个新的基类:GraphicTile.as

package iso

{	

	import flash.display.DisplayObject;	

	public class GraphicTile extends IsoObject

	{

		public function GraphicTile(size:Number, classRef:Class, xoffset:Number, yoffset:Number):void

		{

			super(size);

			var gfx:DisplayObject = new classRef() as DisplayObject;

			gfx.x = -xoffset;

			gfx.y = -yoffset;

			addChild(gfx);

		}

	}	

}

代码很短,但是“简约而不简单”,首先要注意是Class类型的参数,classRef:Class表明参数classRef必须是一个类的引用,即传一个类进去(初次接触可能感觉很怪,没关系,多看几遍就顺眼了),其次是偏移量参数,为什么要有偏移量?因为在之前的基类IsoObject中,sprite的注册点是正中心,所以无需偏移量校正,而使用图片时,图片默认的注册点是左上角,要想把图片正好校对到中心,就必须要用偏移量来调整。

另外一个问题:图片如何嵌入到as文件中?使用Embed标记--类似c#中的特性语法(attribute),废话了一堆,还是直接来看测试代码吧:

package

{

	

	import flash.display.*;

	import flash.events.*;	

	import flash.geom.Point;

	import iso.*;

	

	[SWF(backgroundColor=0xffffff,height=260,width=460)]

	public class GraphicTest extends Sprite

	{

		private var world:IsoWorld;

		

		[Embed(source="img/tile_01.png")]

		private var Tile01:Class;

		

		[Embed(source="img/tile_02.png")]

		private var Tile02:Class;

		

		public function GraphicTest()

		{

			stage.align = StageAlign.TOP_LEFT;

			stage.scaleMode = StageScaleMode.NO_SCALE;

			world = new IsoWorld();

			sizeInit();

			addChild(world);

			for(var i:int = 0; i < world.cols; i++)

			{

				for(var j:int = 0; j < world.rows; j++)

				{

					var tile:GraphicTile = new GraphicTile(world.cellSize, Tile01, 20, 10);

					tile.position = new Point3D(i * world.cellSize, 0, j * world.cellSize);

					world.addChildToFloor(tile);

				}

			}

			stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, onWorldClick);

			stage.addEventListener(Event.RESIZE,resizeHandler);

		}

		

		private function sizeInit():void{

			world.x = stage.stageWidth / 2;	

			world.y = 50;

		}

		

		

		private function resizeHandler(e:Event):void{			

			sizeInit();		

		}

		

		private function onWorldClick(event:MouseEvent):void

		{

			var box:GraphicTile = new GraphicTile(world.cellSize, Tile02, 20, 30);

			var pos:Point3D = IsoUtils.screenToIso(new Point(world.mouseX, world.mouseY));

			pos.x = Math.round(pos.x / world.cellSize) * world.cellSize;

			pos.y = Math.round(pos.y / world.cellSize) * world.cellSize;

			pos.z = Math.round(pos.z / world.cellSize) * world.cellSize;

			box.position = pos;

			world.addChildToWorld(box);

		}

	}

}

拿鼠标在地图上点二下试试!

注:这里用到了二张图片,放在这里,方便大家下载回去测试

 

实际的游戏开发中,不可能所有地图都是用代码写死的,这样维护起来很麻烦,所以下面将学习到如何利用外部文件来存储地图信息,然后根据该配置文件来自动生成地图:

// this is a comment.
# 0 type:GraphicTile graphicClass:MapTest_Tile01 xoffset:20 yoffset:10 walkable:true

# 1 type:GraphicTile graphicClass:MapTest_Tile02 xoffset:20 yoffset:30 walkable:false

# 2 type:DrawnIsoBox color:0xff6666 walkable:false height:20

# 3 type:DrawnIsoTile color:0x6666ff walkable:false 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

0 1 0 3 3 3 3 0 1 0

0 1 0 3 2 2 3 0 0 0

0 1 0 3 2 2 3 0 0 0

0 1 0 3 3 3 3 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

这个是一个典型的地图描述信息,可以直接把它存储到txt记事本文件里,分析一下:

“// ”行表示注释,不用管,是给人看的,不是给代码看的

“#”行表示的是类型定义,即数据字典,这里1表示GraphicTile,2表示DrawnIsoBox,3表示DrawnIsoTile,后面为具体的实例生成参数(代码读取这些参数后,传到相应的构造函数中,以方便生成实例)

再下来的数字,就是地图的实际描述。

为了能正常解析地图配置信息,需要专门弄一个地图解析类(MapLoader):

package iso

{

	import flash.events.Event;

	import flash.events.EventDispatcher;

	import flash.net.URLLoader;

	import flash.net.URLRequest;	

	import flash.utils.getDefinitionByName;

	

	public class MapLoader extends EventDispatcher

	{

		private var _grid:Array;

		private var _loader:URLLoader;

		private var _tileTypes:Object;

		

		public function MapLoader()

		{

			_tileTypes = new Object();

		}		

		

		public function loadMap(url:String):void

		{

			_loader = new URLLoader();

			_loader.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, onLoad);

			_loader.load(new URLRequest(url));

		}

				

		private function onLoad(event:Event):void

		{

			_grid = new Array();

			var data:String = _loader.data;

			//注:在不同的系统中的回车符的定义不同,有些系统用\r\n来表示回车,有些则只使用\n,所以这里要先过滤掉\r

			if (data.indexOf("\r")!=-1){				

				var myPattern:RegExp = /\r/g;				

				data =  data.replace(myPattern,"");			

			}

			trace(data);

			var lines:Array = data.split("\n");

			for(var i:int = 0; i < lines.length; i++)

			{

				var line:String = lines[i];				

				if(isDefinition(line))//如果是类型定义,则解析类型定义

				{

					parseDefinition(line);

				}					

				else if(!lineIsEmpty(line) && !isComment(line))

				{

					var cells:Array = line.split(" ");

					_grid.push(cells);

				}

			}

			//触发Event.COMPLETE事件

			dispatchEvent(new Event(Event.COMPLETE));			

		}

		

		//分析类型定义

		private function parseDefinition(line:String):void

		{			

			var tokens:Array = line.split(" ");	

			//trace(line);

			//类似 下面中的某一行

			//# 1 type:GraphicTile graphicClass:MapTest_Tile02 xoffset:20 yoffset:30 walkable:false

			//# 2 type:DrawnIsoBox color:0xff6666 walkable:false height:20

			//# 3 type:DrawnIsoTile color:0x6666ff walkable:false

			tokens.shift();//删除掉第一个字符#		

			var symbol:String = tokens.shift() as String;//得到标志字符,即“1”

			

			var definition:Object = new Object();

			for(var i:int = 0; i < tokens.length; i++)

			{

				var key:String = tokens[i].split(":")[0];

				var val:String = tokens[i].split(":")[1];

				definition[key] = val;//将类似 type:GraphicTile graphicClass:MapTest_Tile02 xoffset:20 yoffset:30 walkable:false 以key-value的结构保存到object中

			}

			//trace("symbol:",symbol);

			setTileType(symbol, definition);

		}

		

		

		//设置贴片类型

		public function setTileType(symbol:String, definition:Object):void

		{

			_tileTypes[symbol] = definition;

		}		

		

		//创建地图

		public function makeWorld(size:Number):IsoWorld

		{

			var world:IsoWorld = new IsoWorld();

			for(var i:int = 0; i < _grid.length; i++)

			{

				for(var j:int = 0; j < _grid[i].length; j++)

				{

					var cellType:String = _grid[i][j];

					var cell:Object = _tileTypes[cellType];

					var tile:IsoObject;

					switch(cell.type)						

					{

						case "DrawnIsoTile" :

						tile = new DrawnIsoTile(size, parseInt(cell.color), parseInt(cell.height));

						break;

						case "DrawnIsoBox" :

						tile = new DrawnIsoBox(size, parseInt(cell.color), parseInt(cell.height));

						break;

						case "GraphicTile" :

						var graphicClass:Class = getDefinitionByName(cell.graphicClass) as Class;

						tile = new GraphicTile(size, graphicClass, parseInt(cell.xoffset), parseInt(cell.yoffset));

						break;

						default :

						tile = new IsoObject(size);

						break;

					}

					tile.walkable = cell.walkable == true;//强制设置所有对象为可穿越(当然这是可选的,非必须)

					tile.x = j * size;

					tile.z = i * size;

					world.addChild(tile);

				}

			}

			return world;

		}

		

		//是否空行(只有该行有一个字符不为" "就算过了)

		private function lineIsEmpty(line:String):Boolean

		{

			for(var i:int = 0; i < line.length; i++)

			{

				if(line.charAt(i) != " ") return false;

			}

			return true;

		}

		

		

		//判断该行是否为注释行

		private function isComment(line:String):Boolean

		{

			return line.indexOf("//") == 0;

		}

		

		//判断该行是否为“类型定义”

		private function isDefinition(line:String):Boolean

		{

			return line.indexOf("#") == 0;

		}

	}

}

关键的地方已经加了注释,应该不难懂,然后来测试一下:

package

{

	import iso.*;

	import flash.display.*;

	import flash.events.Event;

	

	[SWF(backgroundColor=0xffffff,height=260,width=460)]

	public class MapTest extends Sprite

	{

		private var _world:IsoWorld;

		private var _floor:IsoWorld;

		private var mapLoader:MapLoader;

		

		[Embed(source="img/tile_01.png")]

		private var Tile01:Class;

		

		[Embed(source="img/tile_02.png")]

		private var Tile02:Class;

		

		public function MapTest()

		{

			stage.align = StageAlign.TOP_LEFT;

			stage.scaleMode = StageScaleMode.NO_SCALE;

			mapLoader = new MapLoader();

			mapLoader.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, onMapComplete);

			mapLoader.loadMap("map/map.txt");//map.txt里就是刚才提到的地图配置信息

			

			stage.addEventListener(Event.RESIZE,resizeHandler);		

		}

		

		private function sizeInit():void{

			if (_world!=null){

				_world.x = stage.stageWidth / 2;	

				_world.y = 50;

			}

		}

		

		

		private function resizeHandler(e:Event):void{			

			sizeInit();		

		}

		

		private function onMapComplete(event:Event):void

		{

			_world = mapLoader.makeWorld(20);			

			addChild(_world);			

			sizeInit();

		}

	}

}

建议大家修改一下map.txt中的信息,然后重新运行看看效果。如果一切正常的话,只要地图信息修改了,as代码不用改一行就能自动生成新地图。最后再回过头来看一下地图信息中的graphicClass:MapTest_Tile01,我们在MapTest中对于的Tile01的定义是这样的:

[Embed(source="img/tile_01.png")]
private var Tile01:Class;

注意这里并没有MapTest_前缀,但是as3经过编译后,内部的名称会自动变成"类名_属性",所以在地图中一定要加上该前缀。

 

你可能感兴趣的:(as3)