起因
从事WinForm的园友们一定经历过:当程序需要执行一个耗时的操作时,窗体进入假死状态,然后标题栏显示一个令用户绝望的“未响应”。不明真相的用户此时可能认为程序已死,强行关闭重启程序,然后重复这个噩梦。而通常此时程序实际上已经完成了一部分业务,造成数据丢失或者产生的结果与预期不一致。
针对这个case,有很多方法来解决:Thread/ThreadPool/Control.Invoke/BackgroundWorker...
下面以BackgroundWorker举例:
假设程序现在要执行一个耗时的操作,为了不让用户肆意猛击界面,弹出一个带有loading动画的对话框block住主界面。我们把这个对话框命名为BlockDialog
效果如下:
实现的代码可能如下,DoWork方法用于执行业务,RunWorkerCompleted用于绑定数据、刷新界面:
var worker = new BackgroundWorker();
worker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(DoWork);
worker.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(RunWorkerCompleted);
worker.RunWorkerAsync();
dialog = new BlockDialog();
dialog.ShowDialog(this);
反复写这样的代码让人感到厌倦,而且当一个复杂的界面出现大篇类似的代码,会让业务逻辑淹没其中难以厘清。
所以,我们想到了AOP,通过attribute标记方法。
以下使用大名鼎鼎的PostSharp作为基础工具二次开发。
尝试
我期望的代码风格是这样的:
[WorkThread]
void DoBusinessWork(){
LoadData();
Binding();
}
[GuiThread]
void Binding(){
}
现在开始:
定制拦截方法的拦截器,继承自PostSharp的 MethodInterceptionAspect类
//业务线程
public class WorkThreadAttribute : MethodInterceptionAspect
{
private IBlockDialog blockForm;
public override void OnInvoke(MethodInterceptionArgs args)
{
var worker = new BackgroundWorker();
worker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(worker_DoWork);
worker.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(worker_RunWorkerCompleted);
worker.RunWorkerAsync(args);
blockForm = args.Instance as IBlockDialog;
if (blockForm != null)
{
blockForm.Block();
}
}
void worker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
{
var args = e.Argument as MethodInterceptionArgs;
args.Invoke(args.Arguments);
}
void worker_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
{
if (blockForm != null)
{
blockForm.UnBlock();
}
}
}
//GUI线程
public class GuiThreadAttribute : MethodInterceptionAspect
{
public override void OnInvoke(MethodInterceptionArgs args)
{
var main = (Form)args.Instance;
if (main.InvokeRequired)
{
main.BeginInvoke(new Action(args.Proceed));
}
else
{
args.Proceed();
}
}
}
其中定义了一个接口IBlockDialog,为的是调用者可以自定义Block对话框
public interface IBlockDialog
{
void Block();
void UnBlock();
}
执行异步操作的Form需要实现此接口,它需要具有Block/Unblock的行为。简单地实现,它只需要组合BlockDialog,Show/Close对话框即可。
public class BaseForm : Form, IBlockDialog
{
private BlockDialog blockDialog;
protected BlockDialog BlockDialog
{
get
{
return blockDialog ?? (blockDialog = new BlockDialog());
}
}
#region Implementation of IBlockDialog
public void Block()
{
BlockDialog.ShowDialog(this);
}
public void UnBlock()
{
BlockDialog.Close();
}
public void ShowProcess(int percentage)
{
BlockDialog.ShowProcess(percentage);
}
#endregion
}
以上基本已经实现本文的目标,它能满足常用的下载数据并绑定展示的需求。
增强
现在再提一个需求,我们经常需要上传或导入数据,希望在BlockDialog上加一个进度条。
这时我们可以用到BackgroundWorker ReportProgress的特性。
问题是:如何让拦截器知道业务线程执行的进度?
暂且不论拦截器是如何得知的,首先,业务线程自己先要知道自己执行了百分之几,并且,它还得讲出来,不能闷闷唧唧的执行。
为此,
1、我们定义一个Reporter接口,它要求业务线程实时的set进度值,同时可能让拦截器get到这个进度值。
public interface IProcessReporter
{
int ProcessPercentage { get; set; }
}
2、下面对BaseForm扩展,实现IProcessReporter
public class ProcessForm : BaseForm , IProcessReporter
{
public int ProcessPercentage
{
get;set;
}
[WorkThread]
private void DoWork()
{
//循环
//报告进度
//ProcessPercentage = ?%;
}
}
3、让拦截器监听IProcessReporter.ProcessPercentage的变化
怎么监听呢,用Timer吗?
可以,但有延时。
那用Observer吧!
Interceptor:
在ProcessObsever处登记它启用的BackgroundWorker和要监听的Form:IProcessReporter
ProcessForm:
进度变化时在ProcessObsever处更新
ProcessObsever:
Form执行业务进度发生变化时,通知要监听它的BackgroundWorker
3.1 ProcessObserver的实现
public class ProcessObserver
{
private static readonly Dictionary<BackgroundWorker, IProcessReporter> pairs = new Dictionary<BackgroundWorker, IProcessReporter>();
private static readonly Dictionary<IProcessReporter,int> process = new Dictionary<IProcessReporter, int>();
private static readonly ProcessObserver instance = new ProcessObserver();
private ProcessObserver()
{
}
public static ProcessObserver Instance
{
get
{
return instance;
}
}
public void Add(BackgroundWorker worker, IProcessReporter reporter)
{
if (!pairs.ContainsKey(worker))
{
pairs.Add(worker, reporter);
if (process.ContainsKey(reporter))
{
worker.ReportProgress(process[reporter]);
}
}
}
public void Remove(BackgroundWorker worker)
{
if(!pairs.ContainsKey(worker)) return;
if (process.ContainsKey(pairs[worker]))
{
process.Remove(pairs[worker]);
}
pairs.Remove(worker);
}
public void Update(IProcessReporter reporter)
{
if(process.ContainsKey(reporter)) process[reporter] = reporter.ProcessPercentage;
else
{
process.Add(reporter, reporter.ProcessPercentage);
}
foreach (var pair in pairs)
{
if (pair.Value == reporter)
{
pair.Key.ReportProgress(reporter.ProcessPercentage);//找到对应的BackgroundWorker,刷新进度
}
}
}
}
3.2 修改拦截器 WorkThreadAttribute
public override void OnInvoke(MethodInterceptionArgs args)
{
var worker = new BackgroundWorker();
worker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(worker_DoWork);
worker.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(worker_RunWorkerCompleted);
if (args.Instance is IProcessReporter)
{
processReporter = args.Instance as IProcessReporter;
ProcessObserver.Instance.Add(worker, processReporter);
worker.WorkerReportsProgress = true;
worker.ProgressChanged += new ProgressChangedEventHandler(worker_ProgressChanged);
}
worker.RunWorkerAsync(args);
blockForm = args.Instance as IBlockDialog;
if (blockForm != null)
{
blockForm.Block();
}
}
3.3 修改ProcessForm 对 IProcessReporter的实现,进度发生变化时更新到Observer
private int percentage;
public int ProcessPercentage
{
get{ return percentage; }
set {
if (percentage != value)
{
ProcessObserver.Instance.Update(this);
}
percentage = value;
}
}
结尾
一句话,PostSharp很给力!
上Demo:
http://files.cnblogs.com/cnsharp/WinFormPractice_AOP.7z
注:
PostSharp自2.0版后分为Starter Edition和Professional Edition,前者是免费的,足够支持一般应用
参见:http://www.sharpcrafters.com/purchase/compare
本文使用PostSharp 2.1.5 Starter Edition